Effect of acidic activating agents on surface area and surface functional groups of activated carbons produced from Acacia mangium wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Danish ◽  
R. Hashim ◽  
M.N. Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
O. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Surface Functional Groups

scholarly journals Coffee residue-based activated carbons for phenol removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemavathy Palanisami ◽  
Mohamad Rafiuddin Mohd Azmi ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Zainul Akmar Zakaria ◽  
Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Abstract This work was aimed to evaluate the adsorptive properties of activated carbons from coffee residue for phenol removal. The coffee residue was activated using H3PO4 and KOH, and the resultant activated carbons were characterized for surface area and functional groups. The values of surface area were recorded as 1,030 m2/g and 399 m2/g for H3PO4- and KOH-activated carbons, respectively. The maximum capacity for phenol removal is comparable for both activated carbons at 43 mg/g. The pores might be inaccessible due to electrostatic repulsion by surface functional groups and hydroxyl anions. The second stage in a two-stage adsorber design is necessary to accomplish the process with high performance and minimum dosage of activated carbon. Coffee residue is a promising activated carbon precursor for phenol removal.

The influential factors towards graphene oxides removal by activated carbons: Activated functional groups vs BET surface area

2018 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Sun ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Shengxia Duan ◽  
Ahmed Alsaedi ◽  
Fengsong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Graphene Oxides

scholarly journals Bio-polishing sludge adsorbents for dye removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Norulaina Alias ◽  
Mohd. Azizi Che Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The objective of this work is to evaluate the removal of methylene blue dye by bio-polishing sludge-based adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized according to the specific surface area, pH upon the treatment and surface functional groups. The adsorption of dye was carried out at room temperature, and the adsorption data were analyzed using the isotherm and kinetics models. The bio-polishing sludge is rich in ash content, and the presence of surface functional groups varied with the treatment strategies. The specific surface area of adsorbents is between 7.25 and 20.8 m2/g. Results show that the maximum removal of methylene blue by sludge adsorbents was observed to have the following order: untreated sludge (SR) > zinc chloride-treated (SZ) > microwave-dried (SW) = potassium carbonate-treated (SK) > acid-washed (SH). The maximum adsorption capacities for SR and SZ as predicted by the Langmuir model are 170 and 135 mg/g, respectively. Although SR demonstrates a higher maximum removal than SZ, the latter exhibits greater removal intensity and rate constant even at high dye concentration. The bio-polishing sludge is a promising adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Metal-Chloride-Activated Empty Fruit-Bunch Carbons for Rhodamine B Removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Mohd Shafiq Mohd Shaid
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Metal Chloride ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the adsorptive ability of activated carbons derived from empty boil palm fruitbunch carbons through metal-chloride activation. The derived activated carbons were characterized in terms of yield, pH, surface functional groups, and specific surface area. Rhodamine B dye was used as a pollutant probe to evaluate the performance of activated carbons. Results show that empty, ZnCl2-activated fruit-bunch carbon exhibits a higher surface area of 866 m2 g-1 and a Rhodamine B removal yield of 105 mg g-1. Activation at the same temperature of 600 °C using the recovered FeCl2 yields an activated carbon with nearly twice the surface area compared to the fresh one. A direct correlation was obtained between the roles of the specific surface area and removal of Rhodamine B. Empty fruit-bunch carbon is a promising adsorbent precursor for colour removal from water.

Surface functional groups and defects on carbon nanotubes affect adsorption–desorption hysteresis of metal cations and oxoanions in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Changlun Chen ◽  
Shouwei Zhang ◽  
Xiangke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Desorption Hysteresis ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

This study probed the effects of functional groups, specific surface area and defects on metal ion adsorption and desorption.

Assessment of various carbon-based adsorbents for separation of BTX from aqueous solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Faiz Haddad ◽  
Azhagapillai Prabhu ◽  
Ahmed Al Shoaibi ◽  
Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Kinetics Of

The adsorption of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) was investigated covering different types of commercially available activated carbons with varied surface area and surface functional groups. The physico-chemical properties were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the Boehm titration method. Experiments to assess the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were performed and the results are presented. An increase in the surface acid functional groups was found to decrease the adsorption capacity, with the highest adsorption capacity corresponding to carbon with lowest acid functionality.

scholarly journals Surface Modification and Characterization of Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon Subjected to Acidic and Alkaline Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan I. A. W. ◽  
Abdullah M. O. ◽  
Lim L. L. P. ◽  
Yeo T. H. C.
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Textural Characterization

Activated carbon derived from agricultural biomass has been increasingly recognized as a multifunctional material for various applications according to its physicochemical characteristics. The application of activated carbon in adsorption process mainly depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure which is greatly influenced by the treatment method. This study aims to compare the textural characteristics, surface chemistry and surface morphology of coconut shell-based activated carbon modified using chemical surface treatments with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The untreated and treated activated carbons were characterized for their physical and chemical properties including the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and textural characterization. The FTIR spectra displayed bands confirming the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the untreated activated carbon was 436 m2/g whereas the surface area of the activated carbon modified using 1M NaOH, 1M HCl and 2M HCl was 346, 525 and 372 m2/g, respectively. SEM micrographs showed that many large pores in a honeycomb shape were clearly found on the surface of 1M HCl sample. The pore structure of the activated carbon treated with 2M HCl and NaOH was partially destroyed or enlarged, which decreased the BET surface area. The modification of the coconut shell-based activated carbon with acidic and alkaline treatments has successfully altered the surface functional groups, surface morphology and textural properties of the activated carbon which could improve its adsorptive selectivity on a certain adsorbate.

scholarly journals Aromatic compound adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons^|^#8212;Effects of adsorbate polarity and surface functional groups^|^#8212;

TANSO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (257) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Yoshida ◽  
Yoshimasa Amano ◽  
Tom Bizley ◽  
Babak Fotoohi ◽  
Louis Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Surface Functional Groups

Characterization of Low-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma Discharge and Pre-Oxidation on the Surface Characteristics of Activated Carbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Ria Grace Abdon ◽  
Top Archie Dela Peña ◽  
Camille Punongbayan ◽  
John Achilles Ricafrente
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma

Commercial activated carbon (CAC) was modified using low-pressure radio frequency nitrogen plasma discharge (NPD) operating at 0.3 mbar and 40 kHz. The surface chemistry of CAC was modified using HNO3 pre-oxidation to possibly influence the reactivity of NPD. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that pre-oxidation reduces aromaticity, generates aliphatic carbons (C-C and C-H), and increases carboxylic functional groups (COOH) which probably enhances the nitrogen plasma functionalization based on the N/C ratio for CAC-O-P (4.29 %) compared to CAC-P (2.88 %). FTIR was used to confirm such effects of pre-oxidation from the functional groups present on the carbon surface. The total surface area was identified using Langmuir and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K. Both pre-oxidation and plasma treatment caused an increase in the surface area of CAC up to 150 percent. Carbon t-plot method was used to determine the micropore volume, micropore area, and external surface area. The total surface area of each activated carbon was mostly constituted of micropore area which was identified to be directly proportional to the micropore volume. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirms the destruction of the surface morphology for CAC-O that might have caused the increase in surface area. Development of surface threadlike structures were observed for the NPD treated CAC-O. NPD favors the development of NH2 functionalities and reduces the aromaticity of activated carbons while enhancing the surface morphology and the surface area.

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