A standardized stepwise drug treatment algorithm for depression reduces direct treatment costs in depressed inpatients ‐ Results from the German Algorithm Project (GAP3)

2018 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Ricken ◽  
Katja Wiethoff ◽  
Thomas Reinhold ◽  
Thomas J. Stamm ◽  
Thomas C. Baghai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Direct Treatment

scholarly journals Prevalence of diagnosis and direct treatment costs of back disorders in 644,773 children and youths in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke B Ochsmann ◽  
Carlos L Escobar Pinzón ◽  
Stephan Letzel ◽  
Thomas Kraus ◽  
Martina Michaelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Back Disorders ◽  
Direct Treatment

scholarly journals Sequential drug treatment algorithm for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer’s and mixed dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon JC Davies ◽  
Amer M Burhan ◽  
Donna Kim ◽  
Philip Gerretsen ◽  
Ariel Graff-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Sequential Trials

Introduction: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) include agitation and aggression in people with dementia. BPSD is common on inpatient psychogeriatric units and may prevent individuals from living at home or in residential/nursing home settings. Several drugs and non-pharmacological treatments have been shown to be effective in reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Algorithmic treatment may address the challenge of synthesizing this evidence-based knowledge. Methods: A multidisciplinary team created evidence-based algorithms for the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. We present drug treatment algorithms for agitation and aggression associated with Alzheimer’s and mixed Alzheimer’s/vascular dementia. Drugs were appraised by psychiatrists based on strength of evidence of efficacy, time to onset of clinical effect, tolerability, ease of use, and efficacy for indications other than behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Results: After baseline assessment and discontinuation of potentially exacerbating medications, sequential trials are recommended with risperidone, aripiprazole or quetiapine, carbamazepine, citalopram, gabapentin, and prazosin. Titration schedules are proposed, with adjustments for frailty. Additional guidance is given on use of electroconvulsive therapy, optimization of existing cholinesterase inhibitors/memantine, and use of pro re nata medications. Conclusion: This algorithm-based approach for drug treatment of agitation/aggression in Alzheimer’s/mixed dementia has been implemented in several Canadian Hospital Inpatient Units. Impact should be assessed in future research.

The Daily Living Programme

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muijen ◽  
I. M. Marks ◽  
J. Connolly ◽  
B. Audini ◽  
G. McNamee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Individualised Treatment ◽  
Hospital Use

Patients with a serious mental illness requiring admission were randomised to home care or standard hospital care. Over the initial 18 months, 60 patients entered each group and were studied for a mean of 10 months. Home care reduced hospital use by 80%, with patients being admitted for a mean of 14 days, compared with 72 days for the standard group, but this bed-saving made no difference in direct treatment costs. Home care offers individualised treatment, and many patients require continuing support with the emphasis on areas such as finances and housing.

The cost of players’ injuries to professional sports leagues and other sports organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavneet Walia ◽  
Christopher John Boudreaux
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

PurposeMost literature studies have focused on direct treatment costs of injuries. This literature is extended to include the foregone playing time of players as an additional injury cost.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have reviewed the literature on the cost of players’ injuries to professional sports leagues and other organizations.FindingsThe authors concluded that players’ injury costs are substantial and sufficiently variable to be a primary source of financial uncertainty for a team.Originality/valueThis study's value has added risk pooling and league-wide revenue sharing as tools to mitigate the risk of injury costs. Previous literature reviews focused predominately on direct treatment costs.

Occipital nerve stimulation for intractable chronic cluster headache or migraine: A critical analysis of direct treatment costs and complications

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Mueller ◽  
Hans-Christoph Diener ◽  
Philipp Dammann ◽  
Kasja Rabe ◽  
Vincent Hagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Cluster Headache ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Occipital Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Occipital Nerve ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Hospitalization Costs

Background Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has been shown to be effective for selected patients with intractable headache disorders. We performed a prospective critical evaluation of complications and direct treatment costs. Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic cluster headache (CCH, n = 24) or chronic migraine (CM, n = 3) underwent a trial phase with bilateral ONS and subsequent implantation of a permanent generator (IPG), if responsive to treatment according to predefined criteria. Procedural and long-term complications as well as direct treatment costs of neuromodulation therapy of ONS were recorded over a mean follow-up period of 20 months (range 5–47 months). Results Twenty-five of 27 patients (93%) responded to treatment. Twenty-one complications in 14 patients were identified, necessitating reoperation in 13 cases. Overall treatment costs were €761,043, including hardware-related costs of €506,019, costs for primary hospital care of €210,496, and complications related to hospitalization costs of €44,528. This results in a per case-based cost of €9445 for hospitalization and €18,741 for hardware costs, totaling €28,186. Conclusion ONS for treatment of refractory CCH and CM is a cost-intensive treatment option with a significant complication rate. Nevertheless, patients with refractory primary headache disorders may experience substantial relief of pain attacks, and headache days, respectively.

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