Diet of the Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) in Mongolian steppe habitat during a population peak of Brandt's voles

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 104583
Author(s):  
Otgonbayar Baatargal ◽  
Buyandelger Suuri
Keyword(s):  
Population Peak

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMBINASI FITOHORMON DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH (ZPT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN Chlorella sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Erlangga Erlangga ◽  
Zulfikar Zulfikar ◽  
Muhammad Anggi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Chlorella Cell ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Population Peak

This study aims to determine the dosage of phytohormone and the appropriate growth regulator in Chlorella sp culture to increase the growth of Chlorella sp.The method used in this study was the experimental method with fitohormon as a factor A which were cytokines (0,02 gr/l), auksin (0,065 gr/l) and the growth regulator (PGR) as a factor B which were TSP (0,03 gr/l), NPK (0,04 gr/l). the treatment would be undertaken for the treatment of hormone auxin A (0,065 gr/l) anf TSP (0,03 gr/l) B.The result is the hormone cytokinins (0,02 gr/l) and NPK (0,04 gr/l) the highest growth of Chlorella sp cells was in the treatment D cytokinins (0,02 gr/l) and NPK (0,04 gr/l), then it was followed by treatment B hormone auxin (0,065 gr/l) and NPK (0,04 gr/l), C hormone cytokinins (0,02 gr/l) and TSP (0,03 gr/l) and A auxin (0,065 gr/l) anf TSP (0,03 gr/l). population peak of chlorella cell in each treatment were : D D (2041.67 x 103 sel/ml), B (1610.67 x 103 sel/ml), C (1592.67 x 103 sel/ml), treatment A showed the lowest value which was (1589.33 x 103 sel/ml). water quality parameters strongly supported theprocess of cell proliferation or growth of Chlorella sp with pH 7.0-7.3, salinity 27-30 ppt, and temperature of 22.4-25 0C.

scholarly journals The Effects of Νatural Enemies on Aphid Populations on Processing Tomato in Central Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ρ. Lykouressis ◽  
D. CH. Perdikis ◽  
CH. Α. Chalkia
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Population Suppression ◽  
Aphid Populations

Two species of aphids, Macrosiphion euphorbiae (Thomas) and Myzus persicae cae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were the only ones which developed populations on processing tomato in a two year study conducted in central Greece. The aphid population structure showed that M. euphorbiae was much more abundant than M. persicae in both years. The former species peaked in August whilst the latter did not show any particular peak over the two successive years. Some species of natural enemies were recorded. Orius niger Wolff was found in low numbers scattered over a long period but mainly towards the end of the growing season, and it did not correlate with the aphid population. The rate of parasitism of M. euphorbiae by Aphelinus abdominalis Dalman and Praon volucre (Haliday) was very low and it seemed that these two parasitoid species did not have any particular effect on the aphid population suppression. Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur was the key natural enemy and the most abundant and effective among the predators found. Its highest numbers occurred towards the end of the growing season following the aphid population peak, suggesting a numerical response of this species to its prey. A proportion of the population of M. pygmaeus occurring on tomato plants after fruit harvesting, might he collected and subsequently released in crops such as tomato, pepper and eggplant to biologically control pests in greenhouses, like aphids and whiteflies, thus contributing to the production of healthy vegetable products.

EFFECTS OF HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.) QUEEN MANDIBULAR GLAND PHEROMONE ON FORAGING AND BROOD REARING

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Higo ◽  
Simon J. Colley ◽  
Mark L. Winston ◽  
Keith N. Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Mandibular Gland ◽  
Queen Mandibular Pheromone ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Queen Mandibular Gland Pheromone ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractWe investigated the effects of synthetic honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen mandibular gland pheromone on colony foraging and brood rearing. Colonies newly established in the spring showed a significant, dose-dependent increase in the number of foragers gathering pollen, and individual pollen foragers returned to the nest with larger pollen loads. These two effects combined resulted in a doubling of the amount of pollen brought into colonies by foraging bees. Brood rearing also increased, but not significantly. In contrast, large, established colonies showed no effects at their summer population peak. We conclude that queen mandibular pheromone can significantly affect foraging, but its effects depend on colony conditions and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Length of prematurity period in wheat cultivars determines maximum cereal aphid abundance

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Trávníčková Martina ◽  
Pánková Kateřina ◽  
Martinková Zdenka ◽  
Honěk Alois
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Maximum aphid numbers on wheat are positively related to the length of the period elapsed from immigration to the population peak. We predicted that maximum abundances on late maturing cultivars would be greater than on early ones. This was tested using 8 spring wheat cultivars that differed in the length of time to senescence. In a 4-year experiment, numbers of aphids were checked at weekly intervals. Maximum abundances on late-maturing cultivars were significantly greater than those on early cultivars. However, the length of the vegetation period affected maximum abundances less than did the annual variation in aphid abundance. Genetic disposition for early ripening thus tends to decrease aphid numbers, but manipulation of this character is unlikely to become an important source of aphid resistance.

scholarly journals Feeding the world: what role for fisheries?

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris L. J. Frid ◽  
Odette A. L. Paramor
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
The World ◽  
Fisheries Waste ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Frid, C. L. J., and Paramor, O. A. L. 2012. Feeding the world: what role for fisheries? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 145–150. Fisheries (wild capture and aquaculture) deliver more than 110 million tonnes of food and around 15% of the dietary protein to the 7 billion people currently living on the planet. With the global population expected to peak at 9 billion by 2050, and >80% of global fish stocks currently fully or overexploited (and aquaculture is at least in part dependent on capture fisheries), the contribution of fisheries looks set to decline. The challenge is therefore determining how better management, an ecosystem perspective, and more efficient utilization of fisheries waste can support fisheries products continuing to contribute significantly to “feeding the world” up to and beyond the population peak.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and biting rhythm of the anthropophilic sandfly Lutzomyia cruciata (Diptera: Psychdidae) in Southeast, Mexico

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Rebollar-Tellez ◽  
Filiberto Reyes-Villanueva ◽  
Ildefonso Fernandez-Salas ◽  
Fernando J. Andrade-Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
The State ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Southeast Mexico

Sandflies attracted by human bait were caught in an endemic focus of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Catches were carried out monthly from February 1994 to January 1995 between 18:00 and 22:00 h. Lutzomyia cruciata was the only species caught. The highest population peak of Lu. cruciata was found in March with lesser peaks in February, December 1994, and January 1995. Maximum biting rate of Lu. cruciata was found between 18:00 and 19:00 h. The host-seeking females of Lu. cruciata were directly related to levels of humidity between 88 and 100%. Low and high temperature had a negative effect upon Lu. cruciata activity. The possible role of Lu. cruciata as vector of leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche, Mexico is discussed.

Abundance of Two Whitefly Species (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Georgia Soybean

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
A. L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Group Viii ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Whitefly Population ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Trialeurodes Abutilonea

‘Braxton’ and ‘Cobb’ soybeans were surveyed every 7 to 10 days from mid-July through September, 1993 and 1994, to determine the seasonal abundance of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, and the bandedwinged whitefly, Trialeurodes abutilonea (Haldeman). Population densities peaked in early September 1993, at over 31 eggs and nymphs per 2.54 cm2 of leaf area on Cobb soybeans (a Maturity Group VIII variety), and 15 eggs and nymphs on Braxton soybeans (a Maturity Group VII variety). Silverleaf whitefly was the predominant species on all sampling dates throughout the season. At the population peak, there were 14.4 silverleaf whitefly and 3.3 bandedwinged whitefly nymphs per 2.54 cm2 on Cobb and 8.8 silverleaf whitefly and 2.0 bandedwinged whitefly nymphs on Braxton. Whitefly population densities peaked in late September 1994, at over 6 eggs and 59 nymphs on Cobb and 1 egg and 18 nymphs on Braxton. The whitefly population in 1994 was comprised almost exclusively of silverleaf whitefly, with 58 and 17 nymphs per 2.54 cm2 on Cobb and Braxton, respectively, on 23 September compared to less than 1.0 bandedwinged whitefly on each of these varieties. At the population peak each year, there were significantly more eggs and silverleaf whitefly nymphs on the upper trifoliolate leaves than on the lower trifoliolate leaves.

Field Observations on Adults of the Wheat Bulb Fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)).

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Long
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Temperature Rhythm ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Active Return

A study of adult populations of Wheat Bulb Ply, Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.), has been carried out in the field by routine sweeping at Rothamsted. It has been observed that the males emerge slightly before the females and that the emergence period may cover at least three weeks in late June and early July. Although the number of males may exceed the number of females at first, the females predominate later in the season due to the shorter life span of the males.The numbers of flies on the wheat have been found to fluctuate appreciably throughout the day. During the first week of the emergence period the number of flies taken increased steadily throughout the day. After the date of population peak, however, the maximum numbers occurred in the crop in the very early morning and the late evening, which suggested a daily flight dispersion followed by a general or localised return of the flies to the crop. Further study of the data showed that the daily temperature rhythm was only partly responsible for this daily flight dispersion, and that there appeared to be an active return flight to the crop in the evening. Generally the males were more active than the females and did not settle so deeply in the crop.The temperature threshold for flight was observed to be 12 to 13°C. Winds up to 8 m.p.h. did not appear to affect flight activity, but higher winds, e.g., 15 m.p.h., markedly reduced flight, the flies remaining deep in the crop near ground level. Gale-force winds, however, were observed to produce a permanent depletion in the number of flies infesting Broadbalk field, indicating that the population was probably localised.Although portions of the populations dispersed fairly rapidly from the emergence sites, recaptures of radioactive flies labelled with 32P indicated that the extent of the dispersions was not very great. The females dispersed more than the males, and were influenced to some extent by the occurrence of wheat in flower. Frequently the flies were found to have congregated on the lee edge of the crop, but other preferred regions have been observed which could not be attributed to the influence of the wind.

Measuring population fluctuation of jatropha stem-borer [Cophes notaticeps (Marshall)] in the Brazilian Cerrado using a new trap

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Oliveira ◽  
C.N. Silva ◽  
M.R. Frizzas ◽  
A.C. Dianese
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
In The Beginning

AbstractThis study aimed to monitor the population fluctuation of Cophes notaticeps (Marshall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) plantation in the Federal District, Brazil, through the use of a new trap, combined with different attractive lures and trap colors. The study was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina/DF) in a field trial with 720 plants. The new trap, named CPAC16, was made with PVC pipes (100 mm in diameter) of about 40 cm in length, with a window (8 × 10 cm2) in its center to enable insect access. A lure compartment was fixed on the inside of the trap`s top, and a pot, containing water and detergent, was placed at its bottom to collect the insects. The traps were painted in red, yellow, blue and green. Molasses, ethanol and pineapple were used as attractive lures. The traps were in the field trial area between May 2013 and April 2014 and the insects were collected weekly. The incidence of plants presenting damage caused by C. notaticeps was evaluated in the beginning and at the end of the study. The CPAC16 trap proved efficient in monitoring C. notaticeps. About 3494 of C. notaticeps adults were collected during the study. There were no significant differences among traps painted with different colors. The most attractive lure was molasses collecting 75.2% (n = 2627) of the specimens. Although the population peak occurred in December (n = 1162), C. notaticeps were collected throughout the year. The incidence of plants attacked by C. notaticeps ranged from 66.4% (start) to 100% (end).

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