Measuring population fluctuation of jatropha stem-borer [Cophes notaticeps (Marshall)] in the Brazilian Cerrado using a new trap

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Oliveira ◽  
C.N. Silva ◽  
M.R. Frizzas ◽  
A.C. Dianese
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
In The Beginning

AbstractThis study aimed to monitor the population fluctuation of Cophes notaticeps (Marshall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) plantation in the Federal District, Brazil, through the use of a new trap, combined with different attractive lures and trap colors. The study was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina/DF) in a field trial with 720 plants. The new trap, named CPAC16, was made with PVC pipes (100 mm in diameter) of about 40 cm in length, with a window (8 × 10 cm2) in its center to enable insect access. A lure compartment was fixed on the inside of the trap`s top, and a pot, containing water and detergent, was placed at its bottom to collect the insects. The traps were painted in red, yellow, blue and green. Molasses, ethanol and pineapple were used as attractive lures. The traps were in the field trial area between May 2013 and April 2014 and the insects were collected weekly. The incidence of plants presenting damage caused by C. notaticeps was evaluated in the beginning and at the end of the study. The CPAC16 trap proved efficient in monitoring C. notaticeps. About 3494 of C. notaticeps adults were collected during the study. There were no significant differences among traps painted with different colors. The most attractive lure was molasses collecting 75.2% (n = 2627) of the specimens. Although the population peak occurred in December (n = 1162), C. notaticeps were collected throughout the year. The incidence of plants attacked by C. notaticeps ranged from 66.4% (start) to 100% (end).

scholarly journals Trends and gaps of the scientific literature about the effects of fire on Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Viegas de Arruda ◽  
Diego Guimarães de Sousa ◽  
Fabrício Barreto Teresa ◽  
Vitor Hugo Mendonça do Prado ◽  
Hélida Ferreira da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Fire management is an important issue in the Brazilian Cerrado, since both anthropogenic high intensity fires and complete fire suppression can reduce the biodiversity in this biome. In this paper, we highlight the trends in scientific literature about fire effects in the Cerrado, aiming to detect possible gaps and to indicate directions of future scientific research. We searched for articles in the periodic database Web of Knowledge from 1991 to 2016, and observed an increase in the number of publications throughout the years. Most articles were associated with Brazilian institutions (58%), followed by those with collaboration between Brazilian and international institutions (33%), and those published by authors exclusively from international institutions (9%). Most articles addressed the effects of fire on biodiversity (77%), followed by articles about abiotic environment (19%), and then biotic interactions or interactions between organisms and environment (4%). The most studied taxonomic group was plants (75%), followed by mammals (8%) and insects (6%), with the remaining taxa comprising about 11% of publications. The Federal District was the federative unit with the greatest number of studies (31%). The majority of studies was conducted in areas with fewer fire events, whereas areas with major incidence of fires are poorly studied. Our data shows that studies on the effect of fires on the Brazilian Cerrado are geographically and taxonomically biased. This lack of knowledge limits the extrapolations about the effects of fire on this biome. Therefore, we emphasize the need for investment in research in areas with high fire frequency and also for an increase in knowledge about these effects on the biota, especially on the fauna. This action is fundamental to support the development of public policies for effective and directed fire management in the Cerrado.

scholarly journals Effect of Alkaline Metal Catalyst to Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Dini Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Alkaline Metal ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Reaction Result

Biodiesel is a renewable energy made of oil or fat. It is either vegetable or animal oil or fat. By using catalyst, both substances are processed by triglyceride modification to be methyl esters. This research concerned to find out the potency of alkaline (IIA) catalyst in processing biodiesel. This process initiated by testing oil free fatty acid to determine processing method. FFA value is very important in the beginning of process as it correlates to further reaction process. Temperature variation specified on 30o to 70o for 6 hours reaction. Result shows that the best methyl esters value used Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2 catalysts, respectively in 61,75%; 62,66% and 73,03%  on 60oC reaction temperature.

scholarly journals A Species of the Genus Eubulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A New and More Destructive Cassava Pest in the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 3007-3011
Author(s):  
Charles M Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo A Vieira ◽  
Josefino F Fialho ◽  
Marina R Frizzas
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Pest ◽  
Future Management

Abstract In 2009, a new pest of cassava crops was observed in the Federal District (Brazil) and identified as Eubulus (Kirsch) sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The pest is currently distributed in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Paraná. The larvae consume roots, causing the tissue to rot and making it unfit for consumption. The damage can extend to 100% of the roots. Owing to the potential losses that this pest is capable of causing, studies are needed on its biology, ecology, and future management strategies aimed at minimizing the losses, allowing the continuity of cassava cultivation in Brazil. This study reports on the occurrence of the pest in Brazilian Cerrado, its distribution in Brazil, the symptoms of its infestation and estimates the damage caused.

scholarly journals FEDERALISMO COOPERATIVO: REFLEXOS NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Celia dos Santos Silva ◽  
Marcio França Teixeira ◽  
Cleberson Aparecido de Morais Silva
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The One ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cooperative Federalism

This paper deals with Cooperative Federalism and its reflexes on public health. Federalism is a form of state that is characterized by the union of autonomous states. The Federal State is, therefore, an alliance or union of States. The formation of the Brazilian Federal State is characterized by the centrifugal movement, that is, part of the one for the parts that are classified as federative entities: Union, States, Federal District and Municipalities. The purpose of this article was to explain the issues related to federalism and competing competences provided for in the Federal Constitution. As a method, it was developed from the perspective of a qualitative approach of bibliographic character based on existing publications and the use of Brazilian legislation. As a result and conclusion, it was observed that in the beginning of the year 2020 and 2021 it brought more than any citizen could imagine in the most expansive and optimistic for a new year. The federal government at other times had and still has acentralizing role. Governors acted, others less so. In short, there was and is a major crisis in federalism, originating from the urgent need for measures to be taken with a view to protecting the health of the administrated. And that was done. Several measures have been taken, but often reaching third party competencies or limiting those competencies. It is hoped that this article may generate guidelines for new discussions and reflections for new studies.

scholarly journals Short comment on Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Brazil’s Federal District

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathia Cristhina Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
First Record ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Short Comment

There is much left to learn about the diversity of Chironomidae in Brazil. To help to resolve this problem, a preliminary study of the Chironomidae present in a stream located in center of Brazil was proposed. The aim of this research was to provide a first record of the Chironomidae assemblage at Sarandi stream, in the Brazilian Cerrado. Samples were taken using a handheld D-net from the stream in October 2009. The samples were transported to the laboratory where the material was processed and the Chironomidae specimens were slide mounted, counted and identified to genera. Ninety individuals belonging to 15 genera were found, Chironomini was the richest tribe, with seven genera, while Tanytarsini showed the highest abundance of individuals (55.6%). Overall, Rheotanytarsus (20%), Tanytarsus ortoni-group (16.7%) and Lopescladius (14.4%) were the most abundant genera.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Evapotranspiration in Brazilian Cerrado Biome Simulated with the SWAT Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Amanda do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Andréia de Almeida ◽  
Sergio Koide ◽  
Ricardo Tezini Minoti ◽  
Mario Benjamim Baptista de Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Cerrado Biome

Evapotranspiration represents a significant part on the water balance and, thus, the correct evaluation of this hydrological parcel is relevant when modeling a watershed. The objective of this work is to evaluate the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model’s capability in adequately simulating evapotranspiration in a watershed with predominance of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Hydrological modeling of the Gama watershed located in the Federal District, which has 57.5% of its total area covered by pristine Cerrado, was conducted. Hydrometeorological and turbulent flow variables have been monitored in weather station and Eddy Covariance (EC) tower, respectively. SWAT simulations were performed for potential evapotranspiration methods: Hargreaves (H), Priestley–Taylor (PT) and Penman–Monteith (PM). Modified versions of SWAT for estimating actual (ET) by Strauch and Volk (2013) (SV) and Arroio Junior (2016) (AR) were also tested. The calibration and verification of the SWAT model, in terms of daily flow, were carried out using a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, and fair results were obtained with all the methods evaluated. The actual evapotranspiration (ET) simulated with SWAT (ETsim) using the PM, PT, H, SV and AR methods for a Cerrado hydrological response unit (HRU) were evaluated and compared with the ET obtained using the turbulent flow (Eddy Covariance) method (ETobs). Comparing ETobs and ETsim results, the PM method showed the best fitness and the H and PT methods showed better fit for the dry and the rainy periods, respectively. Although representing an advance on ET modeling, the SV and AR modifications did not improve the response in terms of simulation of the studied area.

Coffee berry borer in conilon coffee in the Brazilian Cerrado: an ancient pest in a new environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Oliveira ◽  
M.J. Santos ◽  
R.F. Amabile ◽  
M.R. Frizzas ◽  
G.F. Bartholo
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles

AbstractThe aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), and to evaluate the population fluctuation of the pest in the Brazilian Cerrado (Federal District). The study was conducted, between November 2014 and October 2015, at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina/DF, Brazil) in an irrigated conilon coffee production area. In November 2014, 120 samples (ten berries/sample) were collected from berries that had fallen on the ground from the previous harvest. Between November 2014 and October 2015, insects were collected weekly, using traps (polyethylene terephthalate bottles) baited with ethyl alcohol (98 GL), ethyl alcohol (98 GL) with coffee powder, or molasses. Between January and July 2015, samples were collected fortnightly from 92 plants (12 berries per plant). All samples were evaluated for the presence of adult coffee berry borers. Samples from the previous harvest had an attack incidence of 72.4%. The baited traps captured 4062 H. hampei adults, and showed no statistical difference in capture efficiency among the baits. Pest population peaked in the dry season, with the largest percentage of captured adults occurring in July (31.0%). An average of 18.6% of the collected berries was attacked by the borer and the highest percentage incidence was recorded in July (33.2%). Our results suggest that the coffee berry borer, if not properly managed, could constitute a limiting factor for conilon coffee production in the Brazilian Cerrado.

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