A method for defining carpometacarpal joint kinematics from three-dimensional rotations of the metacarpal bones captured in vivo using computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to define the normal thumb carpometacarpal joint kinematics in-vivo during opposition and abduction using four-dimensional computed-tomography in four volunteers. Movement of the metacarpal relative to the trapezium was quantified using both Euler and helical axis representations. Articular surface contact patterns were also analysed. The overall axis of rotation for the movement of opposition and abduction passes through the trapezium and the base of the proximal phalanx, respectively. An abrupt change in instantaneous axis of rotation at terminal opposition was found. Ligament modelling shows dorsoradial ligament becomes tauter towards terminal opposition, whereas anterior oblique ligament becomes more slack. These results support the existence of the ‘screw-home’ pivot at terminal opposition and the importance of the dorsoradial ligament for stability in this position. The normal reference set in this study can help establish a diagnostic tool for subtle carpometacarpal instability, or for evaluating efficacy of surgery.

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Three-dimensional reconstruction based on images from spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: anatomy and clinical application

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/0022215054797862 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 119 (9) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Beom-Cho Jun ◽

Sun-Wha Song ◽

Ju-Eun Cho ◽

Chan-Soon Park ◽

Dong-Hee Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

3D Reconstruction ◽

Temporal Bone ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Image Data ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Surface Rendering ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures. Using 40 ears from 20 patients with various otological diseases, a 3D reconstruction based on the image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithms on a personal computer. The 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures was demonstrated in detail. Computer-assisted measurements, many of which could not be easily measured in vivo, of the reconstructed structures provided accurate anatomic details that improved the surgeon’s understanding of spatial relationships. A 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT might be useful for education and increasing understanding of the anatomical structures of the temporal bone. However, it will be necessary to confirm the correlation between the 3D reconstructed images and histological sections through a validation study.

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Percutaneous Tibial Fracture Reduction Using Computed Tomography Imaging, Computer Modelling and 3D Printed Alignment Constructs: A Cadaveric Study

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1677751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (02) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Davies ◽

Albert Lynch

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Tibial Fracture ◽

Computer Modelling ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Joint Angles ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis ◽

Diaphyseal Fractures ◽

3D Printed

Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate a percutaneous method of bone alignment using a diaphyseal tibial fracture model. Materials and Methods Mid-shaft diaphyseal fractures were created in 12 large-breed canine tibiae. Interaction pins were inserted into the proximal and distal bone segments. Computed tomography scans of the fractured tibiae and pins were imported into three-dimensional (3D) modelling software and the fractures were virtually reduced. A multi-component 3D printed alignment jig was created that encompassed the pins in their aligned configuration. Orthogonal radiographs were taken after alignment jig application. Intact and post-alignment tibial lengths and joint angles were compared. Rotational alignment was subjectively evaluated. Results Post-alignment tibial lengths differed on the mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographs by an average of 1.55 and 1.43% respectively. Post-alignment mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, mechanical medial distal tibial angle and mechanical caudal proximal tibial angle had an average difference of 1.67°, 1.92° and 2.17° respectively. Differences in tibial length and joint angles were not significant (p > 0.05). Clinical Significance While in vivo evaluation is necessary, this technique to align diaphyseal fractures percutaneously using computer modelling and 3D printing is technically feasible and may facilitate the clinical use of minimally invasive osteosynthesis techniques.

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Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Pathoanatomy—A Computed Tomography-Based Study

Journal of Wrist Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1726310 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karam Al-Tawil ◽

Madeleine Garner ◽

Tony Antonios ◽

Jonathan Compson

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Carpometacarpal Joint ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint ◽

Preoperative Ct ◽

Ulnar Aspect ◽

Potential Damage ◽

Thumb Carpometacarpal

Abstract Background Thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) osteoarthritis is common and can lead to significant morbidity making it a condition frequently treated by hand surgeons when initial conservative measures fail. The surrounding ligamentous structures are complex and important to maintain thumb CMCJ stability. Objectives The aim of this study was to review the normal and arthritic anatomy of the thumb CMCJ, focusing on morphology and position of osteophytes and the gap between metacarpal bases, and the effect of these on intermetacarpal ligament integrity. This may be the sole ligament suspending the first metacarpal following trapeziectomy and could determine the need for further stabilization during surgery, avoiding potential future failures. Methods Computed tomography (CT) scans of a normal cohort and those with arthritic changes who had undergone trapeziectomy following the scan were identified. The three-dimensional reconstructions were examined for osteophyte position on the saddle and the intermetacarpal distance. Results A total of 55 patients, 30 normal and 25 arthritic, were identified and studied. The most common anatomic position for osteophytes was the intermetacarpal ulnar aspect of the trapezium. The intermetacarpal distance increased by an average of 2.1 mm in the presence of the arthritic process. Conclusions The findings point to an increase in the intermetacarpal distance, and hence lengthening of the ligament with potential damage, possibly secondary to osteophyte formation and wear. Further prospective research is required to determine whether using preoperative CT scanning to define osteophyte position and measure the intermetacarpal distance would predict probable damage to the ligament, hence providing an indication for stabilization and reconstruction in trapeziectomy surgery. Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.

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Morphological and functional properties of the conducting human airways investigated by in vivo computed tomography and in vitro MRI

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00490.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 400-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tristan Van de Moortele ◽

Christine H. Wendt ◽

Filippo Coletti

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Structure Function ◽

Transverse Velocity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Diameter Ratio ◽

Secondary Flows ◽

Axial Component ◽

Branch Diameter ◽

Seven Generations

The accurate representation of the human airway anatomy is crucial for understanding and modeling the structure-function relationship in both healthy and diseased lungs. The present knowledge in this area is based on morphometric studies of excised lung casts, partially complemented by in vivo studies in which computed tomography (CT) was used on a small number of subjects. In the present study, we analyzed CT scans of a cohort of healthy subjects and obtained comprehensive morphometric information down to the seventh generation of bronchial branching, including airway diameter, length, branching angle, and rotation angle. Although some of the geometric parameters (such as the child-to-parent branch diameter ratio) are found to be in line with accepted values, for others (such as the branch length-to-diameter ratio) our findings challenge the common assumptions. We also evaluated several metrics of self-similarity, including the fractal dimension of the airway tree. Additionally, we used phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain the volumetric flow field in the three-dimensional-printed airway model of one of the subjects during steady inhalation. This is used to relate structural and functional parameters and, in particular, to close the power-law relationship between branch flow rate and diameter. The diameter exponent is found to be significantly lower than in the usually assumed Poiseuille regime, which we attribute to the strong secondary (i.e., transverse) velocity component. The strength of the secondary velocity with respect to the axial component exceeds the levels found in idealized airway models and persists within the first seven generations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We performed a comprehensive computed tomography-based study of the conductive airway morphology in normal human subjects, including branch diameter, length, and mutual angles. We found significant departure from classic homothetic relationships. We also carried out MRI measurements of the three-dimensional inspiratory flow in an anatomy-based model and directly assessed structure-function relationships that have so far been assumed. We found that strong secondary flows (i.e., transverse velocity components) persist through the first seven generations of bronchial branching.

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Reproducibility of bone micro-architecture measurements in rodents by in vivo micro-computed tomography is maximized with three-dimensional image registration

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Kyle K. Nishiyama ◽

Graeme M. Campbell ◽

Robert J. Klinck ◽

Steven K. Boyd

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Image Registration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Dimensional Image

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In vivo analysis of acromioclavicular joint motion after hook plate fixation using three-dimensional computed tomography

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jse.2014.12.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1106-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yoon Sang Kim ◽

Yon-Sik Yoo ◽

Seong Wook Jang ◽

Ayyappan Vijayachandran Nair ◽

Hyonki Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Acromioclavicular Joint ◽

Plate Fixation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Hook Plate ◽

Joint Motion ◽

In Vivo Analysis

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Abstract 1635: In Vivo Color Mapping Of Shear Stress Along Coronary Arterial Lumen With Multi-detector Computed Tomography

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_342-c ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Yusaku Fukumoto ◽

Takafumi Hiro ◽

Takashi Fujii ◽

Mitsuyuki Hiromoto ◽

Masakazu Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Color Mapping ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽

Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Background and Purpose: Shear stress is one of the important physical factors in the process of atherosclerosis. However, noninvasive and in-vivo visualization of shear stress distribution along the coronary lumen has been technically difficult, because it is not so possible to assess true three-dimensional (3D) geometrical structure as well as local flow profile in coronary artery for each patient. Recent technology of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) can provide an accurate representation of 3D architecture of coronary lumen as well as plaque distribution. This study was to develop a noninvasive way of color mapping of shear stress in coronary artery using a 64-row MDCT, and to preliminarily evaluate its clinical feasibility. Methods: Three-dimensional geometric architecture from patients with mild coronary artery disease was first obtained to develop a 3D mesh polygon model of each left and right coronary artery architecture. The mesh data was then used to perform a shear stress color mapping with a computational fluid-dynamical simulation of finite element model. The spatial resolution ( mesh size ) was 0.05 mm 2 . The flow was considered to be a constant laminar one, and the pulsatile motion was neglected. The relationship between shear stress and plaque accumulation was then examined. Results: According to the MDCT, atherosclerotic plaque formation was frequently observed in the distal potion at the first and second curvature of right coronary artery, and in the outer side of the bifurcation of the left anterior descending and the circumflex coronary artery. The colorized mapping of shear stress revealed that shear stress tended to be lower at the site of plaque accumulation within coronary artery. Conclusion: This method of 3D representation of shear stress distribution along coronary lumen with a 64-row MDCT might be useful for assessing the role of shear stress in atherosclerotic plaque formation or its progression / regression.

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In Vivo Computed Tomography as a Research Tool to Investigate Asthma and COPD: Where Do We Stand?

Journal of Allergy ◽

10.1155/2012/972479 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gaël Dournes ◽

Michel Montaudon ◽

Patrick Berger ◽

François Laurent

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Airway Disease ◽

Bronchial Tree ◽

Research Tool ◽

Airway Wall ◽

Clinical Tool

Computed tomography (CT) is a clinical tool widely used to assess and followup asthma and chonic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in humans. Strong efforts have been made the last decade to improve this technique as a quantitative research tool. Using semiautomatic softwares, quantification of airway wall thickness, lumen area, and bronchial wall density are available from large to intermediate conductive airways. Skeletonization of the bronchial tree can be built to assess its three-dimensional geometry. Lung parenchyma density can be analysed as a surrogate of small airway disease and emphysema. Since resident cells involve airway wall and lung parenchyma abnormalities, CT provides an accurate and reliable research tool to assess their role in vivo. This litterature review highlights the most recent advances made to assess asthma and COPD with CT, and also their drawbacks and the place of CT in clarifying the complex physiopathology of both diseases.

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