Abstract 1635: In Vivo Color Mapping Of Shear Stress Along Coronary Arterial Lumen With Multi-detector Computed Tomography

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Fukumoto ◽  
Takafumi Hiro ◽  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Mitsuyuki Hiromoto ◽  
Masakazu Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Background and Purpose: Shear stress is one of the important physical factors in the process of atherosclerosis. However, noninvasive and in-vivo visualization of shear stress distribution along the coronary lumen has been technically difficult, because it is not so possible to assess true three-dimensional (3D) geometrical structure as well as local flow profile in coronary artery for each patient. Recent technology of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) can provide an accurate representation of 3D architecture of coronary lumen as well as plaque distribution. This study was to develop a noninvasive way of color mapping of shear stress in coronary artery using a 64-row MDCT, and to preliminarily evaluate its clinical feasibility. Methods: Three-dimensional geometric architecture from patients with mild coronary artery disease was first obtained to develop a 3D mesh polygon model of each left and right coronary artery architecture. The mesh data was then used to perform a shear stress color mapping with a computational fluid-dynamical simulation of finite element model. The spatial resolution ( mesh size ) was 0.05 mm 2 . The flow was considered to be a constant laminar one, and the pulsatile motion was neglected. The relationship between shear stress and plaque accumulation was then examined. Results: According to the MDCT, atherosclerotic plaque formation was frequently observed in the distal potion at the first and second curvature of right coronary artery, and in the outer side of the bifurcation of the left anterior descending and the circumflex coronary artery. The colorized mapping of shear stress revealed that shear stress tended to be lower at the site of plaque accumulation within coronary artery. Conclusion: This method of 3D representation of shear stress distribution along coronary lumen with a 64-row MDCT might be useful for assessing the role of shear stress in atherosclerotic plaque formation or its progression / regression.

A new imaging technique to study 3-D plaque and shear stress distribution in human coronary artery bifurcations in vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J.H. Gijsen ◽  
Jolanda J. Wentzel ◽  
Attila Thury ◽  
Bram Lamers ◽  
Johan C.H. Schuurbiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Shear Stress Distribution ◽  
Human Coronary Artery

Correlation Between Plaque Composition and Shear Stress Using Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Histology and Computational Fluid Dynamics of Diseased Human Carotid Arteries

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van der Heiden ◽  
Harald C. Groen ◽  
Lambert Speelman ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
Anton F. W. van der Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Plaque Composition ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Plaque Destabilization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Carotid

Wall shear stress (WSS) has been shown to play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. Moreover, some recent studies suggest that WSS is also involved in determining plaque composition (Cheng et al., 2006) and plaque destabilization in advanced atherosclerosis (Groen et al., 2007). More detailed studies on the relationship between WSS and plaque composition are needed to confirm those relationships.

The sinister course of an intramural right coronary artery

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208
Author(s):  
Deane L. S. Yim ◽  
Mark C. K. Hamilton ◽  
Robert M. R. Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Anomalous Coronary Artery ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Anomalous Coronary ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

AbstractWe report the case of an adolescent who was presented with long-standing exertional symptoms, and was diagnosed with an anomalous right coronary arterial origin arising above the commissural junction between the left and right aortic sinus, with inter-arterial and intramural compression. The precise origin of this lesion outside the aortic sinuses is unusual, and multi-detector computed tomography gave excellent definition and spatial resolution of the anomalous origin and course. It is crucial to have a high index of suspicion of exertional symptoms, as sudden death may be the first manifestation of an anomalous coronary artery.

scholarly journals E11/gp38 Selective Expression in Osteocytes: Regulation by Mechanical Strain and Role in Dendrite Elongation

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 4539-4552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqin Zhang ◽  
Cielo Barragan-Adjemian ◽  
Ling Ye ◽  
Shiva Kotha ◽  
Mark Dallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Primary Osteoblasts

ABSTRACT Within mineralized bone, osteocytes form dendritic processes that travel through canaliculi to make contact with other osteocytes and cells on the bone surface. This three-dimensional syncytium is thought to be necessary to maintain viability, cell-to-cell communication, and mechanosensation. E11/gp38 is the earliest osteocyte-selective protein to be expressed as the osteoblast differentiates into an osteoid cell or osteocyte, first appearing on the forming dendritic processes of these cells. Bone extracts contain large amounts of E11, but immunostaining only shows its presence in early osteocytes compared to more deeply embedded cells, suggesting epitope masking by mineral. Freshly isolated primary osteoblasts are negative for E11 expression but begin to express this protein in culture, and expression increases with time, suggesting differentiation into the osteocyte phenotype. Osteoblast-like cell lines 2T3 and Oct-1 also show increased expression of E11 with differentiation and mineralization. E11 is highly expressed in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells compared to osteoblast cell lines and primary osteoblasts. Differentiated, mineralized 2T3 cells and MLO-Y4 cells subjected to fluid flow shear stress show an increase in mRNA for E11. MLO-Y4 cells show an increase in dendricity and elongation of dendrites in response to shear stress that is blocked by small interfering RNA specific to E11. In vivo, E11 expression is also increased by a mechanical load, not only in osteocytes near the bone surface but also in osteocytes more deeply embedded in bone. Maximal expression is observed not in regions of maximal strain but in a region of potential bone remodeling, suggesting that dendrite elongation may be occurring during this process. These data suggest that osteocytes may be able to extend their cellular processes after embedment in mineralized matrix and have implications for osteocytic modification of their microenvironment.

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