Skeletal kinematics of the midtarsal joint during walking: Midtarsal joint locking revisited

Squat exercise is acquiring interest in many fields, due to its benefits in improving health and its biomechanical similarities to a wide range of sport motions and the recruitment of many body segments in a single maneuver. Several researches had examined considerable biomechanical aspects of lower limbs during squat, but not without limitations. The main goal of this study focuses on the analysis of the foot contribution during a partial body weight squat, using a two-segment foot model that considers separately the forefoot and the hindfoot. The forefoot and hindfoot are articulated by the midtarsal joint. Five subjects performed a series of three trials, and results were averaged. Joint kinematics and dynamics were obtained using motion capture system, two force plates closed together, and inverse dynamics techniques. The midtarsal joint reached a dorsiflexion peak of 4°. Different strategies between subjects revealed 4° supination and 2.5° pronation of the forefoot. Vertical GRF showed 20% of body weight concentrated on the forefoot and 30% on the hindfoot. The percentages varied during motion, with a peak of 40% on the hindfoot and correspondently 10% on the forefoot, while the traditional model depicted the unique constant 50% value. Ankle peak of plantarflexion moment, power absorption, and power generation was consistent with values estimated by the one-segment model, without statistical significance.

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Subject-Specific Finite Element Modeling of the Tibiofemoral Joint Based on CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dynamic Stereo-Radiography Data in Vivo

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4026228 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 136 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Robert E. Carey ◽

Liying Zheng ◽

Ameet K. Aiyangar ◽

Christopher D. Harner ◽

Xudong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Finite Element ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contact Area ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Subject Specific ◽

Skeletal Kinematics ◽

Tibiofemoral Kinematics

In this paper, we present a new methodology for subject-specific finite element modeling of the tibiofemoral joint based on in vivo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dynamic stereo-radiography (DSX) data. We implemented and compared two techniques to incorporate in vivo skeletal kinematics as boundary conditions: one used MRI-measured tibiofemoral kinematics in a nonweight-bearing supine position and allowed five degrees of freedom (excluding flexion-extension) at the joint in response to an axially applied force; the other used DSX-measured tibiofemoral kinematics in a weight-bearing standing position and permitted only axial translation in response to the same force. Verification and comparison of the model predictions employed data from a meniscus transplantation study subject with a meniscectomized and an intact knee. The model-predicted cartilage-cartilage contact areas were examined against “benchmarks” from a novel in situ contact area analysis (ISCAA) in which the intersection volume between nondeformed femoral and tibial cartilage was characterized to determine the contact. The results showed that the DSX-based model predicted contact areas in close alignment with the benchmarks, and outperformed the MRI-based model: the contact centroid predicted by the former was on average 85% closer to the benchmark location. The DSX-based FE model predictions also indicated that the (lateral) meniscectomy increased the contact area in the lateral compartment and increased the maximum contact pressure and maximum compressive stress in both compartments. We discuss the importance of accurate, task-specific skeletal kinematics in subject-specific FE modeling, along with the effects of simplifying assumptions and limitations.

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14 QUANTIFICATION OF THE MIDTARSAL JOINT LOCKING MECHANISM

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-14 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. S81.3-S81

Author(s):

C. B. Blackwood ◽

W. Ledoux ◽

T. Yuen ◽

B. Sangeorzan

Keyword(s):

Locking Mechanism ◽

Midtarsal Joint

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Hard, soft and off-the-shelf foot orthoses and their effect on the angle of the medial longitudinal arch: A biplane fluoroscopy study

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364619825607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Megan Balsdon ◽

Colin Dombroski ◽

Kristen Bushey ◽

Thomas R Jenkyn

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Foot Orthoses ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Kinematics ◽

Dynamic Gait ◽

Foot Orthosis

Background: Foot orthoses have proven to be effective for conservative management of various pathologies. Pathologies of the lower limb can be caused by abnormal biomechanics such as irregular foot structure and alignment, leading to inadequate support. Objectives: To compare biomechanical effects of different foot orthoses on the medial longitudinal arch during dynamic gait using skeletal kinematics. Study design: This study follows a prospective, cross-sectional study design. Methods: The medial longitudinal arch angle was measured for 12 participants among three groups: pes planus, pes cavus and normal arch. Five conditions were compared: three orthotic devices (hard custom foot orthosis, soft custom foot orthosis and off-the-shelf Barefoot Science©), barefoot and shod. An innovative method, markerless fluoroscopic radiostereometric analysis, was used to measure the medial longitudinal arch angle. Results: Mean medial longitudinal arch angles for both custom foot orthosis conditions were significantly different from the barefoot and shod conditions ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the off-the-shelf device and the barefoot or shod conditions ( p > 0.05). In addition, the differences between hard and soft custom foot orthoses were not statistically significant. All foot types showed a medial longitudinal arch angle decrease with both the hard and soft custom foot orthoses. Conclusion: These results suggest that custom foot orthoses can reduce motion of the medial longitudinal arch for a range of foot types during dynamic gait. Level of evidence: Therapeutic study, Level 2. Clinical relevance Custom foot orthoses support and alter the position of the foot during weightbearing. The goal is to eliminate compensation of the foot for a structural deformity or malalignment and redistribute abnormal plantar pressures. By optimizing the position of the foot, the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) will also change and quantifying this change is of interest to clinicians.

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A practical guide to measuring ex vivo joint mobility using XROMM

Integrative Organismal Biology ◽

10.1093/iob/obaa041 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Armita R Manafzadeh

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Joint Mobility ◽

Rotational Mobility ◽

X Ray ◽

Practical Guide ◽

Skeletal Kinematics ◽

The Way

Abstract X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM), though traditionally used for studies of in vivo skeletal kinematics, can also be used to precisely and accurately measure ex vivo range of motion from cadaveric manipulations. The workflow for these studies is holistically similar to the in vivo XROMM workflow, but presents several unique challenges. This paper aims to serve as a practical guide by walking through each step of the ex vivo XROMM process: how to acquire and prepare cadaveric specimens, how to manipulate specimens to collect X-ray data, and how to use these data to compute joint rotational mobility. Along the way, it offers recommendations for best practices and for avoiding common pitfalls to ensure a successful study.

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Variability of the Dynamic Stiffness of Foot Joints: Effect of Gait Speed

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/17-035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 291-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Enrique Sanchis-Sales ◽

Joaquín Luis Sancho-Bru ◽

Alba Roda-Sales ◽

Javier Pascual-Huerta

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Mean Value ◽

Comparative Analyses ◽

Foot Joints ◽

Foot Posture ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Midtarsal Joint ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Background: Comparison of dynamic stiffness of foot joints was previously proposed to investigate pathologic situations with changes in the properties of muscle and passive structures. Samples must be controlled to reduce the variability within groups being compared, which may arise from different sources, such as gait speed or Foot Posture Index (FPI). Methods: Variability in the measurement of the dynamic stiffness of ankle, midtarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints was studied in a controlled sample of healthy men with normal FPI, and the effect of gait speed was analyzed. In experiment 1, dynamic stiffnesses were obtained in three sessions, five trials per session, for each participant, taking the mean value across trials as representative of each session. In experiment 2, five trials were considered at slow, comfortable, and fast velocities. Results: Similar intersession and intrasession errors and intraparticipant errors within sessions were found, indicating the goodness of using five trials per session for averaging. The intraparticipant and interparticipant variability data provided can be used to select the sample size in future comparative analyses. Significant differences with gait speed were observed in most dynamic stiffnesses considered, with a general rise when gait speed increased, especially at the midtarsal joint, this being attributed to an active modulation produced by the central nervous system. Conclusions: Differences with gait speed were higher than intrasession and intersession repeatability errors for the propulsion phases at the ankle and midtarsal joints; comparative analyses at these phases need more exhaustive control of gait speed to reduce the required sample size.

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Biomechanics of the tarsal mechanism. A key to the function of the normal human foot

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/87507315-90-1-12 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A Huson

Keyword(s):

Joint Function ◽

Tarsal Joint ◽

Human Foot ◽

Normal Human ◽

Midtarsal Joint ◽

The Relationship

This article describes the function of the tarsal complex as a constrained mechanism. The relationship between the interdependence of the motions of the tarsal joints and the special nature of tarsal joint function is explained, with emphasis on the midtarsal joint and its presumed two axes of motion.

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Sensitivity and Specificity of the Functional Hallux Limitus Test to Predict Foot Function

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/87507315-92-5-269 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 269-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Craig Payne ◽

Vivienne Chuter ◽

Kathryn Miller

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Joint Function ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Limitus ◽

First Ray ◽

Foot Function ◽

Midtarsal Joint

Functional hallux limitus is an underrecognized entity that generally does not produce symptoms but can result in a variety of compensatory mechanisms that can produce symptoms. Clinically, hallux limitus can be determined by assessing the range of motion available at the first metatarsophalangeal joint while the first ray is prevented from plantarflexing. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this clinical test to predict abnormal excessive midtarsal joint function during gait. A total of 86 feet were examined for functional hallux limitus and abnormal pronation of the midtarsal joint during late midstance. The test had a sensitivity of 0.72 and a specificity of 0.66, suggesting that clinicians should consider functional hallux limitus when there is late midstance pronation of the midtarsal joint during gait. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(5): 269-271, 2002)

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