Organic amendments: Effect on carbon mineralization and crop productivity in acidic soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banashree Sarma ◽  
Bikram Borkotoki ◽  
Rumi Narzari ◽  
Rupam Kataki ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Acidic Soil

scholarly journals Mitigating Soil Salinity Stress with Gypsum and Bio-Organic Amendments: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Suleiman K. Bello ◽  
Abdullah H. Alayafi ◽  
Samir G. AL-Solaimani ◽  
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Salinity impedes soil and crop productivity in over 900 million ha of arable lands worldwide due to the excessive accumulation of salt (NaCl). To utilize saline soils in agriculture, halophytes (salt-tolerant plants) are commonly cultivated. However, most food crops are glycophytes (salt-sensitive). Thus, to enhance the productivity of saline soils, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) as well as bio-organic (combined use of organic materials, such as compost and straw with the inoculation of beneficial microbes) amendments have been continuously recognized to improve the biological, physical and chemical properties of saline soils. CaSO4·2H2O regulates the exchange of sodium (Na+) for calcium (Ca2+) on the clay surfaces, thereby increasing the Ca2+/Na+ ratio in the soil solution. Intracellularly, Ca2+ also promotes a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Simultaneously, gypsum furnishes crops with sulfur (S) for enhanced growth and yield through the increased production of phytohormones, amino acids, glutathione and osmoprotectants, which are vital elicitors in plants’ responses to salinity stress. Likewise, bio-organic amendments improve the organic matter and carbon content, nutrient cycling, porosity, water holding capacity, soil enzyme activities and biodiversity in saline soils. Overall, the integrated application of gypsum and bio-organic amendments in cultivating glycophytes and halophytes is a highly promising strategy in enhancing the productivity of saline soils.

Organic Amendments, Beneficial Microbes, and Soil Microbiota: Toward a Unified Framework for Disease Suppression

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Matteo Lorito ◽  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
Sheridan L. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

Organic amendments (OAs) and soilborne biocontrol agents or beneficial microbes (BMs) have been extensively studied and applied worldwide in most agriculturally important plant species. However, poor integration of research and technical approaches has limited the development of effective disease management practices based on the combination of these two bio-based strategies. Insights into the importance of the plant-associated microbiome for crop productivity, which can be modified or modulated by introducing OAs and/or BMs, are providing novel opportunities to achieve the goal of long-term disease control. This review discusses novel ways of functionally characterizing OAs and how they may be used to promote the effect of added biocontrol agents and/or beneficial soil microbiota to support natural suppressiveness of plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost Application on Mineral Nutrient Composition of Grains of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6004
Author(s):  
Gulen Ozyazici ◽  
Nizamettin Turan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Semi Arid

Poor soil organic content is a major cause of declining crop productivity in developing countries. Less precipitation and high temperatures oxidize organic matter in the soils of semi-arid regions. Such a deficiency in the organic matter of the soils decreases the bioavailability of many nutrients. Organic amendments like vermicompost (VM) have the potential to overcome this problem, while decreasing the dependency on inorganic fertilizers. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the best application rate of VM for the improvement of nutrient contents in buckwheat. We used two buckwheat cultivars i.e., Aktaş and Güneş were sown under variable rates of soil-applied VM (0, 0.75, 1.50, 2.25 and 3.00 t ha−1) in semi-arid highland conditions. The results demonstrated that the nutritional quality parameters were improved when VM was applied at the rate of 2.25 t ha−1. In addition, VM at 2.25 t ha−1 resulted in an improvement of the N and P contents of the grains. The P contents in the grains of the Güneş variety was higher (0.26%) than the Aktaş variety (0.24%). A significant improvement in Fe (%), Cu (%), Zn (%) and Mn contents (%) in the grains of buckwheat validated the efficacious functioning of 2.25 t ha−1 of VM. The Zn content of the grains was higher in the Güneş variety (34.06%) than the Aktaş variety (31.96%). However, no significant change in K, Ca and Mg was noted at any level of VM in both Aktaş and Güneş. It is concluded that a 2.25 t ha−1 VM application in the buckwheat crop under zero conventional fertilizer was the best level to boost the nutritional quality of the grains.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management Significantly Improves Pomelo (Citrus grandis) Root Growth and Nutrients Uptake under Acidic Soil of Southern China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Huang ◽  
Muhammad Atif Muneer ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Changcheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Root system plays a crucial role in plant growth and development by uptake of soil nutrients, which is affected by intensive use of NPK fertilizer. However, it is unknown how integrated nutrient management (INM) could affect the root growth and its nutrient uptake in the red soils of southern China. For this, the impacts of different INM practices on root morphological traits and root nutrient uptake were investigated in the pomelo tree. First, we investigated the spatial root distribution of various tree ages (i.e., 8, 13, 18, and 23 years old) and found the optimum root growth at 20–80 cm around the tree trunk in topsoil (0–20 cm). Hence, the pomelo trees were fertilized at 20–80 cm around the trunk, i.e., FFP (farmer fertilization practice), optimization NPK fertilizer (O) combined with lime (L) and mushroom residue (M) known as O+L+M treatment, and O+L combined with Mg fertilizer called as O+L+Mg treatment. We found that root length (RL) significantly increased by application of O+L+M (108.5 and 219.1 cm) and O+L+Mg (73.6, 66.8 cm) in topsoil and subsoil, respectively, in 2019. Similarly, root surface area (RSA) was significantly higher under INM, i.e., O+L+Mg > O+L+M > FFP. For root diameter (RD), O+L+M (0.8 mm) and O+L+Mg (1.5 mm) showed significantly lower diameter than FFP (2.54 mm). The root tips (RT) also improved considerably under INM practices compared with FFP. Besides, root nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) also significantly improved under O+L+M and O+L+Mg over FFP. Overall, these findings suggest that INM plays a significant role in root development and nutrient uptake under acidic soil, which could be useful for maximizing crop productivity.

scholarly journals Response of sweetpotato to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in marginal upland

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Jay-Ar Bagarinao ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Marginal uplands are characterized by low soil fertility and crop productivity. To alleviate the problem, organic amendments combined with inorganic fertilizer were tested to assess their effects on the growth and yield performance of sweetpotato; determine the option treatment combination; and assess the soil physicochemical properties. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely: T0 = (0-0-0); T1 = 1 t ha-1 Evans + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2 = 1 t ha-1 Wellgrow + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3 = 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone; T4 = 10 t ha-1 chicken dung + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5 = 15 t ha-1 Vermicast alone; and T6 = 10 t ha-1 Vermicast + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of 10 t ha-1 of either chicken dung or vermicast plus 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 in Inopacan, Leyte produced higher total root yield over the control. Root yield during the second cropping greatly increased to 16.19 t ha-1 which is almost 3 times higher than the first crop when 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone (T3) was used. In Sta. Rita, Samar, most of the growth, yield, and yield parameters of sweetpotato were not affected by the treatments. Moreover, only a slight improvement in soil properties was noted.

scholarly journals Carbon Mineralization Kinetics from Legume Residues Applied to a High Altitude Acidic Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
KABONEKA Salvator ◽  
Basil T.Iro ONG’OR ◽  
KWIZERA Chantal ◽  
NKURUNZIZA Menus ◽  
KWIZERA Elie
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Mineralization Kinetics

Nitrogen- and phosphorus-based applications of cattle manure and compost for irrigated cereal silage

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Olson ◽  
R.H. McKenzie ◽  
F.J. Larney ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Land Application ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Land application of livestock manure has caused concern about excess nutrients in soil and the potential risk to water quality. Application of manure based on crop-nutrient requirements is considered a beneficial management practice. A field study was conducted to assess the feasibility and impact of crop-based N and P application rates of cattle (Bos taurus) manure and compost for crop productivity and accumulation of extractable soil N and P. The 6-yr (2002-2007), small-plot field study included 10 amendments: control (CONT), annual synthetic fertilizer N (F-N), annual synthetic fertilizer P (F-P), annual synthetic fertilizer N plus P (F-NP), annual N-based manure (M-N), annual P-based manure (M-P), three times the P-based manure once per 3 yr (M-3P), annual N-based compost (C-N), annual P-based compost (C-P), and three times the P-based compost once per 3 yr (C-3P). Amendments were arranged in randomized complete block design with five replicates and applied based on annual soil testing and nutrient recommendations. The test crops were triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage managed under irrigation. Dry matter yields for CONT and F-P were significantly smaller than for the other treatments. There were generally no significant differences among the six organic and F-NP amendments. Apparent N recovery (ANR) was greatest for F-NP (45%) and F-N (41%), followed by the P-based organic amendments (26-34%), M-N (15%), and smallest for C-N (10%). Apparent P recovery (APR) was greatest for F-NP (30%) and smallest for M-N (6%) and C-N (4%). The APR for the P-based organic amendments ranged from 14 to 22%. Application of the amendments did not result in the accumulation of excess nitrate N in the soil profile. The M-N and C-N amendments applied for 6 yr increased extractable P in the 0- to 0.15-m soil layer from 12 mg kg-1 to 121 and 156 mg kg-1, respectively. Crop productivity and soil nutrient responses indicated that assumptions made for P and N availability in manure and compost were reasonably accurate. Based on the results, P-based application of manure or compost can achieve optimum crop yield and prevent nutrient build-up in soil. Under the conditions of this study, the amount of land required to accommodate P-based application would be five to seven times more for manure and eight to ten times more for compost compared with N-based application.

scholarly journals Safeguarding the fragile rice–wheat ecosystem of the Indo-Gangetic Plains through bio-priming and bioaugmentation interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepranjan Sarkar ◽  
Amitava Rakshit
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Managing agrochemicals for crop production always remains a classic challenge for us to maintain the doctrine of sustainability. Intensively cultivated rice–wheat production system without using the organics (organic amendments, manures, biofertilizers) has a tremendous impact on soil characteristics (physical, chemical, and biological), environmental quality (water, air), input use efficiency, ecosystem biodiversity, and nutritional security. Consequently, crop productivity is found to be either decreasing or stagnating. Rice–wheat cropping system is the major agroecosystem in India feeding millions of people, which is widely practiced in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Microorganisms as key players in the soil system can restore the degraded ecosystems using a variety of mechanisms. Here, we propose how delivery systems (i.e., the introduction of microbes in seed, soil, and crop through bio-priming and/or bioaugmentation) can help us in eradicating food scarcity and maintaining sustainability without compromising the ecosystem services. Both bio-priming and bioaugmentation are efficient techniques to utilize bio-agents judiciously for successful crop production by enhancing phytohormones, nutrition status, and stress tolerance levels in plants (including mitigating of abiotic stresses and biocontrol of pests/pathogens). However, there are some differences in application methods, and the latter one also includes the aspects of bioremediation or soil detoxification. Overall, we have highlighted different perspectives on applying biological solutions in the IGP to sustain the dominant (rice–wheat) cropping sequence.

scholarly journals Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7608
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Mohamed Idbella ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms

Both soil and the human gut support vast microbial biodiversity, in which the microbiota plays critical roles in regulating harmful organisms. However, the functional link between microbiota taxonomic compositions and disease suppression has not been explained yet. Here, we provide an overview of pathogen regulation in soil and mammals gut, highlighting the differences and the similarities between the two systems. First, we provide a review of the ecological mechanisms underlying the regulation of soil and pathogens, as well as the link between disease suppression and soil health. Particular emphasis is thus given to clarifying how soil and the gut microbiota are associated with organic amendment and the human diet, respectively. Moreover, we provide several insights into the importance of organic amendment and diet composition in shaping beneficial microbiota as an efficient way to support crop productivity and human health. This review also discusses novel ways to functionally characterize organic amendments and the proper operational combining of such materials with beneficial microbes for stirring suppressive microbiota against pathogens. Furthermore, specific examples are given to describe how agricultural management practices, including the use of antibiotics and fumigants, hinder disease suppression by disrupting microbiota structure, and the potentiality of entire microbiome transplant. We conclude by discussing general strategies to promote soil microbiota biodiversity, the connection with plant yield and health, and their possible integration through a “One Health” framework.

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