The Presence of Urinary Nitrites Is a Significant Predictor of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection Susceptibility to First- and Third-Generation Cephalosporins

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Weisz ◽  
Jamie A. Seabrook ◽  
Rodrick K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

scholarly journals Community acquired urinary tract infection: etiology and bacterial susceptibility

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Anastácio Dias Neto ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira Martins ◽  
Leonardo Dias Magalhães da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Brianezi Tiraboschi ◽  
André Luis Alonso Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

PURPOSE: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed. UTI account for a large proportion of antibacterial drug consumption and have large socio-economic impacts. Since the majority of the treatments begins or is done completely empirically, the knowledge of the organisms, their epidemiological characteristics and their antibacterial susceptibility that may vary with time is mandatory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility of the community acquired UTI diagnosed in our institution and to provide a national data. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the results of urine cultures of 402 patients that had community acquired urinary tract infection in the year of 2003. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in this study was 45.34 ± 23.56 (SD) years. There were 242 (60.2%) females and 160 (39.8%) males. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (58%). Klebsiella sp. (8.4%) and Enterococcus sp.(7.9%) were reported as the next most common organisms. Of all bacteria isolated from community acquired UTI, only 37% were sensitive to ampicillin, 51% to cefalothin and 52% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The highest levels of susceptibility were to imipenem (96%), ceftriaxone (90%), amikacin (90%), gentamicin (88%), levofloxacin (86%), ciprofloxacin (73%), nitrofurantoin (77%) and norfloxacin (75%). CONCLUSION: Gram-negative agents are the most common cause of UTI. Fluoroquinolones remains the choice among the orally administered antibiotics, followed by nitrofurantoin, second and third generation cephalosporins. For severe disease that require parenteral antibiotics the choice should be aminoglycosides, third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones or imipenem, which were the most effective.

scholarly journals Retrospective 8-Year Study on the Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens in Children Hospitalised for Urinary Tract Infection in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Giuseppe Maglietta ◽  
Margherita Di Costanzo ◽  
Martina Ceccoli ◽  
Gianluca Vergine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The development and spread of antibiotic resistance is an increasingly important global public health problem, even in paediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). In light of the variability in the data, it is necessary to conduct surveillance studies to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in specific geographical areas to optimize therapeutic management. In this observational, retrospective, multicentre study, the medical records of 1801 paediatric patients who were hospitalised for UTI between January 1st, 2012, and June 30th, 2020, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, were analysed. Escherichia coli was the most frequently detected pathogen (75.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.5%). Overall, 840 cases (46.7%) were due to antimicrobial-resistant uropathogens: 83 (4.7%) extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, 119 (6.7%) multidrug resistant (MDR) and 4 (0.2%) extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria. Empirical antibiotic therapy failed in 172 cases (9.6%). Having ESBL or MDR/XDR uropathogens, a history of recurrent UTI, antibiotic therapy in the preceding 30 days, and empirical treatment with amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate were significantly associated with treatment failure, whereas first-line therapy with third-generation cephalosporins was associated with protection against negative outcomes. In conclusion, the increase in the resistance of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics requires continuous monitoring, and recommendations for antibiotic choice need updating. In our epidemiological context, amoxicillin/clavulanate no longer seems to be the appropriate first-line therapy for children hospitalised for UTI, whereas third-generation cephalosporins continue to be useful. To further limit the emergence of resistance, every effort to reduce and rationalise antibiotic consumption must be implemented.

Prevalence of Fluroquinolone and Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance among the Patients With Urinary Tract Infection Due to Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Chowdhury MJ ◽  
Faruque CMO ◽  
Noor J ◽  
Rouf CM ◽  
Hossain MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has become the most frequent bacterial infections worldwide. It is well established that Escherichia coli is the predominant cause of UTI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin among the patients with UTI due to E.Coli and to assess the potential correlation between both trends. Methods: The study was a cross sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Microbiology of Sylhet Women’s Medical College and Hospital from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Results: A total of 246 urine samples were collected from patients with UTI followed by isolation and identification of E.coli strains. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance analysis was performed by the disc diffusion method employing multiple antibiotic discs. The sensitivity was monitored by zone of inhibition around the disc. Overall rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin were 70.31% and 65.10% respectively. The rates of co-resistance to both fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin was 53.13%. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fluroquinolone should be reserved and third generation cephalosporin should be used with caution among patients with E.coli.

Antibiotic prescribing pattern in cesarean section

Mediscope ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
S Nazrina ◽  
S Chisty ◽  
AA Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Use of antimicrobials in caesarean section has become an accepted practice to minimize the incidence of postoperative complications. Not many studies are available in Bangladesh regarding the using pattern of antibiotics in caesarean section. The objectives of the study was to find out the pattern of use of antibiotic prophylaxis in caesarean section and also the frequency of postoperative morbidity. The prospective cross-sectional study included 356 patients undergoing caesarean section in Prime Medical College Hospital, Rangpur and 10 different private clinics in Rangpur city. Patients demographics, perioperative data, antibiotic used with dosage and schedules were recorded. Investigations like pus, blood and urine culture and sensitivity were recorded for patients with postoperative complications. Change of antimicrobial following culture sensitivity report was noted. Most of the patients, 197 (55.3%), came from lower middle socioeconomic status. Major indication of cesarean section was emergency in 314 (88.2%) patients. The use of third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) in majority of the patients, 209 (58.7%), was observed. Two drugs combination commonly included third generation cephalosporin and metronidazole, and in addition gentamicin was added when three drugs combination was used. Fifty five (15.5%) patients had postoperative complications which included fever, wound infection, urinary tract infection and endometritis. The mean duration (SD) of antibiotic administration was 12.4 (3.5) days in infected patients and 8.0 (2.1) days in non-infected patients, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The mean duration (SD) of hospital stay was 15.4 (5.5) and 9.1 (3.9) days for infected and non-infected patients, respectively; and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Isolated micro-organisms from wound infection, urinary tract infection and lochia were gram-negative, and Escherichia coli, 16 (41.0%), was the common which was resistant to third generation cephalosporin and sensitive to amikacin. Obstetricians should utilize clinically effective antibiotics. Whenever possible, single drug rather than combination therapy should be used. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial prophylaxis is essential to detect the emergence of antibiotic resistance.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 1: January 2016, Pages 8-15

scholarly journals Prevalence and bacterial susceptibility of hospital acquired urinary tract infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Anastácio Dias Neto ◽  
Leonardo Dias Magalhães da Silva ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira Martins ◽  
Ricardo Brianezi Tiraboschi ◽  
André Luis Alonso Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired

PURPOSE: Urinary tract infection is the most common nosocomially acquired infection. It is important to know the etiology and antibiotic susceptibility infectious agents to guide the initial empirical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of bacterial strains and their antibiotic susceptibility in nosocomially acquired urinary tract infection in a university hospital between January and June 2003. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 188 patients with positive urine culture (= 10(5) colony-forming units/mL) following a period of 48 hours after admission. RESULTS: Half of patients were male. Mean age was 50.26 ± 22.7 (SD), range 3 months to 88 years. Gram-negative bacteria were the agent in approximately 80% of cases. The most common pathogens were E. coli (26%), Klebsiella sp. (15%), P. aeruginosa (15%) and Enterococcus sp. (11%). The overall bacteria susceptibility showed that the pathogens were more sensible to imipenem (83%), second or third generation cephalosporin and aminoglycosides; and were highly resistant to ampicillin (27%) and cefalothin (30%). It is important to note the low susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (42%) and norfloxacin (43%). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that if one can not wait the results of urine culture, the best choices to begin empiric treatment are imipenem, second or third generation cephalosporin and aminoglycosides. Cefalothin and ampicillin are quite ineffective to treat these infections.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K.C. Leung ◽  
Alex H.C. Wong ◽  
Amy A.M. Leung ◽  
Kam L. Hon
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Oral Medication ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition. Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Methods: A PubMed search was completed in clinical queries using the key terms “urinary tract infection”, "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and the pediatric age group. Patents were searched using the key terms “urinary tract infection” "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis" from www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline.com. Results: Escherichia coli accounts for 80 to 90% of UTI in children. The symptoms and signs are nonspecific throughout infancy. Unexplained fever is the most common symptom of UTI during the first two years of life. After the second year of life, symptoms and signs of pyelonephritis include fever, chills, rigor, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Lower tract symptoms and signs include suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, malodorous urine, and suprapubic tenderness. A urinalysis and urine culture should be performed when UTI is suspected. In the work-up of children with UTI, physicians must judiciously utilize imaging studies to minimize exposure of children to radiation. While waiting for the culture results, prompt antibiotic therapy is indicated for symptomatic UTI based on clinical findings and positive urinalysis to eradicate the infection and improve clinical outcome. The choice of antibiotics should take into consideration local data on antibiotic resistance patterns. Recent patents related to the management of UTI are discussed. Conclusion: Currently, a second or third generation cephalosporin and amoxicillin-clavulanate are drugs of choice in the treatment of acute uncomplicated UTI. Parenteral antibiotic therapy is recommended for infants ≤ 2 months and any child who is toxic-looking, hemodynamically unstable, immunocompromised, unable to tolerate oral medication, or not responding to oral medication. A combination of intravenous ampicillin and intravenous/intramuscular gentamycin or a third-generation cephalosporin can be used in those situations. Routine antimicrobial prophylaxis is rarely justified, but continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis should be considered for children with frequent febrile UTI.

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