scholarly journals Quantifying the social benefits and costs of reducing phosphorus pollution under climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 112838
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Gourevitch ◽  
Chris Koliba ◽  
Donna M. Rizzo ◽  
Asim Zia ◽  
Taylor H. Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benefits And Costs

scholarly journals The social benefits and costs of preserving forest biodiversity and ecosystem services

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Lindhjem ◽  
Kristine Grimsrud ◽  
Ståle Navrud ◽  
Stein Olav Kolle
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The Economics of Asian Casino Gaming and Gambling

2013 ◽  
pp. 54-86
Author(s):  
Ricardo Chi Sen Siu
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Asian Culture ◽  
Gaming Industry ◽  
Casino Gaming ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Fundamentals ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This chapter examines the economics of Asian casino gambling and the factors responsible for the evolution and organization of the casino industries. In addition to the market fundamentals, the significance of the unique features of Asian culture and related institutional structure of gaming industry performance are addressed. Finally, controversial debates over the social benefits and costs of casino gaming in Asia are evaluated.

scholarly journals Accounting for the Social Benefits and Costs of Development Rights Purchase Programs

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Field ◽  
Richard A. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Rights ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agricultural Preservation ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Public programs of agricultural preservation continue to be of interest in many states of the urbanized Northeast. Farmers themselves, of course, have always been concerned with this issue, and in recent years they have found effective allies among public planners, for whom the agricultural sector has become a chief source of scenic and cultural amenities as well as insurance against unforeseen disruptions in future supplies of food and fiber. Programs of use-value assessment have been enacted by almost all of the northeastern states, as well as by those in many other parts of the country. Partly as a result of the fact that the effectiveness of this approach has been in doubt, attention in some states is turning to programs in which the development rights are purchased from agricultural land in order to alleviate development pressure on these areas. New Jersey has recently undertaken a program of development rights purchase, Massachusetts is currently shaping legislation for such a program, and many other states have shown interest.

scholarly journals What do climate change winners owe, and to whom?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kian Mintz-Woo ◽  
Justin Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Negative Externality ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Theoretical Virtues ◽  
Climate Ethics ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Beneficiary Pays ◽  
Peter Principle

Abstract Climate ethics have been concerned with polluter pays, beneficiary pays and ability to pay principles, all of which consider climate change as a single negative externality. This paper considers it as a constellation of externalities, positive and negative, with different associated demands of justice. This is important because explicitly considering positive externalities has not to our knowledge been done in the climate ethics literature. Specifically, it is argued that those who enjoy passive gains from climate change owe gains not to the net losers, but to the emitters, just as the emitters owe compensation to the net losers for the negative externality. This is defended by appeal to theoretical virtues and to the social benefits of generating positive externalities, even when those positive externalities are coupled with far greater negative externalities. We call this the Polluter Pays, Then Receives (‘PPTR', or ‘Peter') Principle.

scholarly journals An Attack on the Separation of Powers? Strategic Climate Litigation in the Eyes of U.S. Judges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8335
Author(s):  
Jasmina Nedevska
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
Research Plan

Climate change litigation has emerged as a powerful tool as societies steer towards sustainable development. Although the litigation mainly takes place in domestic courts, the implications can be seen as global as specific climate rulings influence courts across national borders. However, while the phenomenon of judicialization is well-known in the social sciences, relatively few have studied issues of legitimacy that arise as climate politics move into courts. A comparatively large part of climate cases have appeared in the United States. This article presents a research plan for a study of judges’ opinions and dissents in the United States, regarding the justiciability of strategic climate cases. The purpose is to empirically study how judges navigate a perceived normative conflict—between the litigation and an overarching ideal of separation of powers—in a system marked by checks and balances.

Social Benefits and Social Costs of Drug Control Laws

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Black Markets ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Levels Of Control

While drug control laws tend to reduce the incidence of drug use, their enforcement is not without cost to society. Among the most obvious costs is the development of black markets in drugs and the criminalization of users. Modest control laws can substantially reduce drug use without incurring serious social costs. However, increasing the severity of control laws adds less and less to the benefits achieved and more and more to the costs to society. Ultimately the costs outweigh the benefits. We should aim for optimum levels of control by weighing both the benefits and costs of our drug control laws.

scholarly journals Lyell, the Geikies and Croll's observations on terrestrial glacial sediments and landforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
James ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
Glacial Landforms

ABSTRACT Within the context of the work and achievements of James Croll, this paper reviews the records of direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments made by Charles Lyell, Archibald and James Geikie and James Croll himself, in order to evaluate their contributions to the sciences of glacial geology and Quaternary environmental change. The paper outlines the social and physical environment of Croll's youth and contrasts this with the status and experiences of Lyell and the Geikies. It also outlines the character and role of the ‘Glasgow School’ of geologists, who stimulated Croll's interest into the causes of climate change and directed his focus to the glacial and ‘interglacial’ deposits of central Scotland. Contributions are outlined in chronological order, drawing attention to: (i) Lyell's high-quality observations and interpretations of glacial features in Glen Clova and Strathmore and his subsequent rejection of the glacial theory in favour of processes attributed to floating icebergs; (ii) the significant impact of Archibald Geikie's 1863 paper on the ‘glacial drift of Scotland’, which firmly established the land-ice theory; (iii) the fact that, despite James Croll's inherent dislike of geology and fieldwork, he provided high-quality descriptions and interpretations of the landforms and sediments of central Scotland in order to test his theory of climate change; and (iv) the great communication skills of James Geikie, enhanced by contacts and evidence from around the world. It is concluded that whilst direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments were critical to the long-term development of the study of glaciation, the acceptance of this theory was dependent also upon the skills, personality and status of the Geikies and Croll, who developed and promoted the concepts. Sadly, the subsequent rejection of the land-ice concept by Lyell resulted in the same factors challenging the acceptance of the glacial theory.

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