Stable water isotopes as a tool for assessing groundwater infiltration in sewage networks in cold climate conditions

Abstract. In this study we present first results of a new model development, ECHAM5-JSBACH-wiso, where we have incorporated the stable water isotopes H218O and HDO as tracers in the hydrological cycle of the coupled atmosphere–land surface model ECHAM5-JSBACH. The ECHAM5-JSBACH-wiso model was run under present-day climate conditions at two different resolutions (T31L19, T63L31). A comparison between ECHAM5-JSBACH-wiso and ECHAM5-wiso shows that the coupling has a strong impact on the simulated temperature and soil wetness. Caused by these changes of temperature and the hydrological cycle, the δ18O in precipitation also shows variations from −4.5‰ up to 4.5‰. One of the clearest anomalies is shown over North-East Asia where, depending on an increase of temperature, the δ18O in precipitation increases as well. In order to analyze the sensitivity of the fractionation processes over land, we compare a set of simulations with various implementations of water isotope fractionation processes over the land surface. The simulations allow us to distinguish between no fractionation, fractionation included in the evaporation flux (from bare soil) and also fractionation included in both evaporation and transpiration (from water transport through plants) fluxes. The simulated δ18O and δD in precipitation of these setups generally fit well with the observations and the best agreement between observation and simulation is given in the case where no fractionation over land surface is assumed.

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Stable water isotopes in the coupled atmosphere–land surface model ECHAM5-JSBACH

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-6-1463-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1463-1480 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

B. Haese ◽

M. Werner ◽

G. Lohmann

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Land Surface ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Land Surface Model ◽

Global Network ◽

Water Isotopes ◽

Surface Model ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Stable Water Isotopes ◽

Climate Conditions

Abstract. In this study we present first results of a new model development, ECHAM5-JSBACH-wiso, where we have incorporated the stable water isotopes H218O and HDO as tracers in the hydrological cycle of the coupled atmosphere–land surface model ECHAM5-JSBACH. The ECHAM5-JSBACH-wiso model was run under present-day climate conditions at two different resolutions (T31L19, T63L31). A comparison between ECHAM5-JSBACH-wiso and ECHAM5-wiso shows that the coupling has a strong impact on the simulated temperature and soil wetness. Caused by these changes of temperature and the hydrological cycle, the δ18O in precipitation also shows variations from −4‰ up to 4‰. One of the strongest anomalies is shown over northeast Asia where, due to an increase of temperature, the δ18O in precipitation increases as well. In order to analyze the sensitivity of the fractionation processes over land, we compare a set of simulations with various implementations of these processes over the land surface. The simulations allow us to distinguish between no fractionation, fractionation included in the evaporation flux (from bare soil) and also fractionation included in both evaporation and transpiration (from water transport through plants) fluxes. While the isotopic composition of the soil water may change for δ18O by up to +8&permil:, the simulated δ18O in precipitation shows only slight differences on the order of ±1‰. The simulated isotopic composition of precipitation fits well with the available observations from the GNIP (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) database.

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PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS

International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR ◽

10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.925 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 193

Author(s):

Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽

Farnaz Nazarzadeh ◽

Elnaz Nazarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Water Supply ◽

Field Study ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Natural Substrate ◽

Garden Design ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

North West ◽

Special Expertise

Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens. Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz as a city that has beautiful gardens. But, the earthquakes and wars have left no remains of those beautiful gardens. This investigation, by a comparative study of the climates in Iran and the effect of those climates on the formation of gardens and garden design, tries to identify the features and characteristics of gardens in cold and dry climate. The method of study is interpretive-historical on the basis of written documents and historic features and field study of existing gardens in this climate. The results show that, with respect to natural substrate, vegetation, the form of water supply, and the general form of the garden; gardens in dry and cold climate are different from gardens in other climates.

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A Lagrangian perspective on stable water isotopes during the West African Monsoon

10.1002/essoar.10506628.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Johannes Diekmann ◽

Matthias Schneider ◽

Peter Knippertz ◽

Andries Jan de Vries ◽

Stephan Pfahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West African Monsoon ◽

West African ◽

Water Isotopes ◽

Stable Water Isotopes ◽

The West ◽

African Monsoon

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Catchment-scale evaluation of pollution potential of urban snow at two residential catchments in southern Finland

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.466 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2164-2170 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nora Sillanpää ◽

Harri Koivusalo

Keyword(s):

Snow Water Equivalent ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Road Maintenance ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Small Surface ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Snow Water ◽

High Level ◽

Mass Loads

Despite the crucial role of snow in the hydrological cycle in cold climate conditions, monitoring studies of urban snow quality often lack discussions about the relevance of snow in the catchment-scale runoff management. In this study, measurements of snow quality were conducted at two residential catchments in Espoo, Finland, simultaneously with continuous runoff measurements. The results of the snow quality were used to produce catchment-scale estimates of areal snow mass loads (SML). Based on the results, urbanization reduced areal snow water equivalent but increased pollutant accumulation in snow: SMLs in a medium-density residential catchment were two- to four-fold higher in comparison with a low-density residential catchment. The main sources of pollutants were related to vehicular traffic and road maintenance, but also pet excrement increased concentrations to a high level. Ploughed snow can contain 50% of the areal pollutant mass stored in snow despite its small surface area within a catchment.

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Use of stable water isotopes to identify and estimate the sources of groundwater recharge in an alluvial aquifer of Upper Jhelum Basin (UJB), western Himalayas

Hydrological Sciences Journal ◽

10.1080/02626667.2021.1985126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ghulam Jeelani ◽

Suhail A. Lone ◽

Amrin Un Nisa ◽

R. D. Deshpande ◽

Virendra Padhya

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Alluvial Aquifer ◽

Water Isotopes ◽

Western Himalayas ◽

Stable Water Isotopes

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High-quality eddy-covariance CO2budgets under cold climate conditions

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences ◽

10.1002/2017jg003830 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 122 (8) ◽

pp. 2064-2084 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fanny Kittler ◽

Werner Eugster ◽

Thomas Foken ◽

Martin Heimann ◽

Olaf Kolle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eddy Covariance ◽

Cold Climate ◽

High Quality ◽

Climate Conditions

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Use of stable water isotopes to identify stages of the pingo ice core formation

Journal Ice and Snow ◽

10.15356/2076-6734-2018-4-507-523 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 507-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ju. N. Chizhova ◽

Yu. K. Vasil’chuk

Keyword(s):

Closed System ◽

Ice Core ◽

Ice Cores ◽

Water Isotopes ◽

Ice Formation ◽

Stable Water Isotopes ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Hydrological Conditions ◽

Water Saturated ◽

Average Annual Precipitation

Te isotopic characteristics of the pingo ice cores are considered. Te distribution of δ18O and δ2H values, dexc, δ18O–δ2H and δ2H–d exc relationships, and the simulation of the distribution of δ18O and δ2H values during the ice formation in a closed system, allowed drawing conclusion about the hydrological conditions and stages of the ice core growth. All pingos (Pestsovoye, Weather, Pingo-20) were formed in draining lake basins in the course of freezing of closed taliks. It is established that the water, which served as a source for the formation of the ice core, was subjected to evaporation still before the ice formation. According to our estimates, the water from which the ice of the Pestsovoye pingo was formed was heavier in values of δ18O and δ2H by 3.9 and 29.7‰, respectively, than the current average annual precipitation in the region. Similarly, for the ice of the core of the Pingo Weather it is 2.9 and 14.5‰, and 5.1 and 27.7‰ for the Pingo-20, respectively. In the ice cores of all considered pingos there is an ice formed in a closed system: in Pingo-20 it is a pure injection ice, while in the Pestsovoye and the Weser ones – the injected-segregated ice. Te frost mounds Pestsovoe and Weser grew under changing hydrological conditions: one part of the ice was formed when there was a free ﬂow of water to the freezing front (open system); the other one – when the water-saturated lenses of the closed talik were frozen (closed system). Te isotopic composition of ice being formed under conditions of a closed system reﬂects isotopic depletion during freezing and ice formation according to the Rayleigh model. It is expressed in a successive decrease in the values of δ18O and δ2H from the frst portions of ice to the last ones as the freezing continued. Te contrast values of δ18O and δ2H in diﬀerent parts of the ice being formed in the closed system may be used as an additional tool to identify direction of freezing. In a closed system, the last portions of ice have the greater contrast of the isotope values as compared to the frst portions.

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New insights into Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy: Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 2021

Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola ◽

10.1051/ctv/ctv20213602173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 173-175

Author(s):

Jorge Cunha ◽

Ilda Caldeira ◽

Sara Canas

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Management Technique ◽

Grape Seeds ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Wide Range ◽

Water Constraint

New insights into Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy arise from the fourteen articles published by the Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola in 2021. Research carried out by several international teams covered a wide range of topics that seek to respond to current main challenges: chemical, morphological and anatomical features of the grapevine cultivars explored to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses; seaweed foliar application to grapevines as an innovative and integrated vineyard management technique; nutritional management of grapevine cultivars under cold climate conditions and under water constraint scenarios; viability and cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic solar energy for wineries; viticultural technologies and the food safety of wine; characterization of grapes and methods for juice production; chemical composition of grape seeds; development of analytical and sensory methodologies; portrait of the wine spirits sector in Portugal and its recent evolution.

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