Die Nuntiaturen Pacellis als internationale Drehscheibe des Heiligen Stuhls

As nuncio in Munich and Berlin, Eugenio Pacelli had dealt with political issues far beyond the usual scope of his nunciatures. The Papal Secretary of State entrusted him with concordat negotiations with various European countries as well as with foreign policy issues of international significance. This was due not only to Pacelliʼs special expertise but also to the period of major upheaval during and after the First World War and Berlinʼs key geopolitical position as a hub linking the East and the West. It is therefore not surprising that in the papal representative’s correspondence, the Soviet question, as well as the immediate consequences of the Paris Peace Conference, were the clear focal points of his international attention.

INFLUENCE OF COMPETENCE, INDEPENDENCE, SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT, EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT, AND AUDIT TENURE ON AUDIT QUALITY

Audit quality is the probability of an assessment given by the auditor about the discovery of a violation in the client's accounting system and reports the violation. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of competence, independence, spiritual quotient, emotional quotient, and audit tenure variables on audit quality. This research is quantitative. The population in this study is the Public Accountant Office in Yogyakarta with the sample selection method that is convenience sampling. The data is taken from respondents' responses to positive and negative statements contained in the questionnaire. Data processing and hypothesis testing techniques using SPSS version 22. The results of this study prove that competence, independence, spiritual quotient, emotional quotient, and audit tenure have a significant positive effect on audit quality. This shows that an auditor must have good personal quality, adequate knowledge, and special expertise in his field, not influenced by other parties, and is obliged to be honest not only to the management and owners of the company but also users of financial statements, have a spiritual and emotional good, and a deeper and more complete understanding of the company's operational activities, along with the increase in the number of years of the audit engagement with the company so that it has an impact on the quality of audits produced.

Tactical features of the use of special expertise in the investigation of human trafficking

Main problem: This study is devoted to the study of the problems of using special expertise in the investigation of crimes related to human trafficking. The use of specialized expertise is an integral element in the system of investigative actions carried out in cases of human trafficking. In this study, the authors consider the features of the production of forensic examinations in the investigation of crimes related to human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the study, the authors consider the most typical types of forensic examinations that are conducted in criminal cases of human trafficking. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, as well as the survey of practitioners engaged in the fight against human trafficking and the analysis of criminal cases of human trafficking, practical recommendations for criminal prosecution authorities on the most effective conduct of forensic examinations in criminal cases of this category are proposed. The purpose of this study: to study the tactical features of the production of forensic examinations in the investigation of human trafficking, as well as the features of the use of special expertise. Methods: The methodological basis of this study is the dialectical method of cognition of social and legal phenomena, as well as system-structural, comparative-legal, logical-theoretical and private scientific methods of study. To achieve the objectivity of the research results, these methods were applied comprehensively. Results and their significance: The use of forensic expertise in the investigation of human trafficking is essential for the detection and investigation of these crimes. The study notes that the following types of forensic examinations are among the most common in the investigation of this category of criminal cases: medical examination, biological examination, handwriting examination, phonoscopic examination and odorological examination. The subject of the investigation must carefully understand the tactical features of the production of certain forensic examinations. The practical recommendations proposed by the authors of the study on the appointment and production of forensic examinations considered in the study are important for the successful investigation of the facts of human trafficking, but at the same time they have a recommendatory value and can be modified taking into account the specifics of a particular criminal case.

Implementation of Double Track System in Conviction Towards Special Expertise Crime

Sentencing must be guided by the principle of quae sunt minoris culpae sunt majoris infamiae (cruel crimes will be punished with cruel punishment). However, there must be a limit to the punishment (poenae sunt restringenade). In its implementation, the imposition of crimes against convicted people often creates ongoing problems in people's lives. Instead of aiming to popularize the convicts, in fact the imposition of crimes often causes suffering to the perpetrator and even his family. This study aims to determine the basis for justifying the imposition of sanctions in the punishment of criminals with special skills and to formulate the ideal concept of punishment for convicts with special skills in the future. This research is a normative legal research; the data source in this study uses secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The approach in this research uses a statutory approach, a comparative approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the basis for justifying the imposition of sanctions for criminal acts with special expertise is the Mark system of penalties. The use of the Double Track System in the punishment of convicts who have special expertise in the field of science so that it is in line with the criminal purpose of providing education, in addition to being convicted with the main crime, the convict is also subject to acts in the form of social work by teaching/transforming the knowledge/expertise possessed to people, many through certain educational/research institution/institutions online (on line).

Building Knowledge Management Through the Tacit Knowledge Video

One of the things done in the knowledge management is making tacit knowledge videos. This study aims to: (1) analyze the process of tacit knowledge video production; (2) analyze the obstacles faced in making tacit knowledge videos; (3) find a solution to the obstacles encountered in making video tacit knowledge. The method used is the action research method where the authors conducted this research themselves, and then analyzed in a descriptive qualitative manner. The study uses primary and secondary data in the form of processes and experiences conducted by researchers, literature study, and video searching on Kemenkeu Learning Center (KLC). The results showed that the making of video through a series of processes, which are pre-production, production, post-production, evaluation, and uploading on KLC. The obstacle of making videos is because there is no clarity of the deadline for completing the work in the quality control stage and the lack of Widyaiswara's ability to make videos. The results of this action research can be copied by other parties who will do similar research. Another important finding from this research is the need for employees with special expertise in the video making.

Post-operative fever (POF) after cardiac surgery in a low- and middle-income-country: 7-year institutional experience

Background: Post-operative fever (POF) after cardiac surgery in a developing country is of great concern because of the associated morbidity and mortality. In our country, we experience this complication more because of a high rate of malaria infestations, gastroenteritis, and malnutrition. We also experience a low yield of positive diagnostic tests when POF develops; this is partly due to expense and the prioritisation of other essential items in our poorly equipped cardiac ICU. Aims/Objective: To assess the causes of POF after cardiac surgery and determine its impact on the outcome on patients. Materials and methods: International Cardiac Surgery Mission teams visited our centre for 7 years (2013–2019). During this period, a significant number of cardiac surgeries were performed. A retrospective study of patients with POF was performed with data from our hospital’s database, and included standard demographics; types of surgery performed, and management protocols being used in the peri-operative care. Results: A total of 242 patients were treated during the study period and underwent 266 surgeries. Of these, 151 (56.8%) and 115 (43.2%) were adult and paediatric cases respectively. Ages ranged between 0 and 90 years; 34 (14.1%) had POF. When we evaluated the clinical and associated laboratory findings, pyrexia (temp >38.0 °C) and elevated white blood cell count with differential neutrophilia were present in 10 patients (29.4%). The time of onset and duration of POF were between <24 and >144 hours. In the invasive procedure related to POF, sternotomy infections were present in seven patients (18.4%). Malaria infestations and breach in sterility protocol were predominant. Conclusion: The management of POF in the cardiac ICU was complicated by the requirement of co-operation from a larger number of specialties than is usually required in advanced centres with special expertise in malaria confirmation. We, therefore, introduced structured clinical, laboratory, and appropriate interventions to treat POF more aggressively. We found that more careful attention to peri-operative details to ensure strict observation of sterility protocol with anti-malaria prophylaxis led to improvements in our centre’s outcomes.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in key cities of Brazil. A study in Joinville, Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The Brazilian Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (BCTRIMS) has launched an initiative to determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Brazil, based on key cities deemed representative of their regions in terms of demographic and environmental features. Objective: To investigate the prevalence rate of MS in Joinville. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients who lived in Joinville and met the 2010 McDonald's diagnostic criteria revised for MS on the prevalence day (March 11, 2016). Potential MS patients included individuals treated by all practicing neurologists in the city and the ones found in patients’ association and the database of the Municipal Department of Health. Advertisements about the survey were also broadcast on radio and television. Patients who were not living in Joinville on the prevalence day were excluded. All potential MS patients were invited to an in-person diagnostic review, carried out by a panel of experienced neurologists with special expertise in MS on March 11, 2016. Results: The MS prevalence rate was 13.5 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 12.9–14.0/100,000). A total of 51 (66.2%) participants were females, and 26 (33.7%) were males (female to male ratio=1.9:1). Out of the 77 patients, 73 (94.8%) were Caucasians, and four (5.1%) were mixed-race. Conclusions: Despite its latitude location and European colonization, the prevalence rate was below expectation. The intense internal migration from regions with lower MS prevalence rates to Joinville may have played a role in attenuating the increased risk of MS associated with latitude gradient and European ancestry. Prevalence studies in other cities from Southern Brazil with no significant internal migration and taking part in this broad project may clarify this issue.

Pathology Residency Program Special Expertise Tracks Meet the Needs of an Evolving Field

Pathologists who enter the workforce must have a diverse skill set beyond that of clinical diagnostics alone. Anticipating this need, the Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program developed Special Expertise Tracks to enhance training in relevant subspecialty domains. Using a combination of discussions and surveys, we assessed: (1) our current resident curriculum; (2) perceived curricular strengths and needs; (3) resident career preferences and ultimate career paths; (4) perceived barriers to implementing an advanced elective curriculum; and (5) available departmental/institutional resources. Additionally, we utilized the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Pathology Milestones as a curricular guide. Six professional residency training Special Expertise Tracks were established: Education, Physician-Scientist Research, Informatics, Quality Improvement/Quality Assurance/Value-Based Care, Health Policy/Hospital Management and Global Health. After implementation in 2017, the Education track has had 4 residents complete the curriculum successfully; the Physician-Scientist Research track has had 2 residents and the Informatics and Global Health tracks have each had one resident successfully complete their respective curricula. Currently, 5 residents are pursuing the Education track, one is pursuing the Physician-Scientist Research track, one is pursuing the Informatics track, and 2 residents are pursuing the Global Health track. Five residents have completed long-term projects including developing several e-learning modules, an online free digital cytopathology atlas, peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and books. The Johns Hopkins Pathology Resident Special Expertise Track program provides pathology residents an opportunity to gain meaningful experience and additional skills tailored to their individual career interests.

Machine learning in tutorials – Universal applicability, underinformed application, and other misconceptions

Machine learning has become a key component of contemporary information systems. Unlike prior information systems explicitly programmed in formal languages, ML systems infer rules from data. This paper shows what this difference means for the critical analysis of socio-technical systems based on machine learning. To provide a foundation for future critical analysis of machine learning-based systems, we engage with how the term is framed and constructed in self-education resources. For this, we analyze machine learning tutorials, an important information source for self-learners and a key tool for the formation of the practices of the machine learning community. Our analysis identifies canonical examples of machine learning as well as important misconceptions and problematic framings. Our results show that machine learning is presented as being universally applicable and that the application of machine learning without special expertise is actively encouraged. Explanations of machine learning algorithms are missing or strongly limited. Meanwhile, the importance of data is vastly understated. This has implications for the manifestation of (new) social inequalities through machine learning-based systems.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PROSECUTOR'S SUPERVISION OVER EXECUTION OF LAWS ON MINORS IN THE FIELD OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

The article deals with topical issues of assessing the legality of the Prosecutor's office documents of territorial planning, planning and placement of facilities for minors, taking into account the practice of land and urban planning legislation. As, undoubtedly, in the existing rates of design and construction works the measure of responsibility for observance not only the town-planning legislation, but its compliance to requirements of ecological standards also increases. The necessity of more thorough implementation of Prosecutor's supervision over the quality of planning, construction and reconstruction of infrastructure facilities for minors, as well as compliance with the requirements defined by the state in the field of urban plan-ning, up to bringing the perpetrators to the statutory responsibility. The authors also considered the issues of information and analytical activities of the Prosecutor's office, assessment of the legality of urban planning activities of local governments. The authors used the methods of analysis of documents and official materials, the establishment of features in the field of land use, urban planning, taking into account the legislation of territorial planning docu-ments and special technical standards. The conclusion about the need for interaction of the Prosecutor's office with the public and the scientific community, as well as the possibility of their involvement in interdepartmental meetings, working groups, and other assistance to the Prosecutor's office. As a result of the study, the need for prosecutors to take into account the shortcomings allowed by local authorities in the implementation of their functions for the development of territorial planning documents is justified, recommendations are proposed to prosecutors, which can be used in assessing the legality of territorial planning documents. The recommendations that can be applied in assessing the legality of the implementation of urban legislation and the implementation of prosecutorial supervision in this area. On the basis of the rules of law, a General approach to the use of special expertise and the production of expertise is presented.