Revisiting the self-interest versus values debate: The role of temporal perspective

How can we explain variation in demand for redistribution among cross-pressured voters? We argue that redistributive preferences reflect an interaction between material self-interest and political ideology. The self-interest argument predicts growing opposition to redistribution as income increases, while the argument of ideologically driven preferences suggests that left-leaning citizens are more supportive of redistribution than right-leaning citizens. Focusing on cross-pressured voters, we expect that the difference in redistribution preferences between left- and right-leaning citizens is smaller at the bottom of the income hierarchy than at the top. Among the group of left-leaning citizens, the role of material self-interest is expected to be smaller than among right-leaning citizens. We provide evidence in line with our argument analysing data from the European Social Survey in 25 European democracies between 2008 and 2018.

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Society and slaves

Frontiers of servitude ◽

10.7228/manchester/9781526122261.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Harrigan

Keyword(s):

Social Cohesion ◽

Social Contexts ◽

The Self ◽

Public Order ◽

Slave Society ◽

Self Interest

In the early colonies, alternative forms of society could be a source of anxiety. Religious and social cohesion was a concern in what was often an unmastered environment. Accounts of the early colonies reflect on the cohesion of a society made up of settlers and slaves. The self-interest of colonists could be acknowledged as problematic for public order, and the desires of slaves as disruptive to property. In practice, some property was ceded to slaves, and strategies were described to motivate slaves by granting comparative favour. Depictions of the uncultivated environment reflect anxieties about the proximity of unmastered spaces outside the colonies. There were also internal frontiers maintained by shared practices, such as hospitality and the consumption of alcohol. A number of testimonies about the maroon slaves illustrate concerns with culture and subversion, as well as the role of rumour in the early colonies. Further tensions in the colonies developed from desire, and related to questions surrounding marriage, manumission and métissage. Métissage, like manumission, was never considered outside distinct social contexts, and illustrates the instability within the slave society.

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Problems of Controlling Public Sector Agencies: The Case of Norwegian Oil Policy

Political Studies ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9248.1981.tb01270.x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 35-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. J. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Control Systems ◽

High Technology ◽

The Self ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Self Interest ◽

Oil Policy ◽

And Control ◽

Western Democracies

The problem of the control and accountability of public sector agencies is common in most Western democracies. Though ‘hiving off’ is seen as attractive by policy-makers, it often brings with it quite serious problems. It is important to take account of the role of the self-interest of agencies in designing control systems. This is particularly necessary where failure to control the activity of an agency can have serious consequences in other policy areas or for society as a whole. An examination of Norwegian North Sea oil policy illustrates the difficulty of achieving control in areas involving uncertainty and high technology. The Norwegian case does, however, also illustrate that the ‘natural tendencies' of organizations can be utilized, once recognized, to achieve a greater degree of accountability and control.

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Relationship between the Self-Interest Threat and ethical sensitivity, the role of mediating of moral intensity

Iranian journal of Value and Behavioral Accounting ◽

10.52547/aapc.6.11.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 41-66

Author(s):

Asghar asadiyan owghani ◽

Zohreh Hajiha ◽

Ramzan Ali royaee ◽

Hamidreza Vakilifard ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moral Intensity ◽

The Self ◽

Ethical Sensitivity ◽

Self Interest

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The Role of Perspective in Mental Time Travel

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2016/3052741 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caterina Ansuini ◽

Andrea Cavallo ◽

Lorenzo Pia ◽

Cristina Becchio

Keyword(s):

Time Travel ◽

The Self ◽

The Other ◽

Mental Time Travel ◽

Process Time ◽

Temporal Perspective ◽

Motion Direction ◽

Self And Other ◽

Mental Time Line

Recent years have seen accumulating evidence for the proposition that people process time by mapping it onto a linear spatial representation and automatically “project” themselves on an imaginedmental time line. Here, we ask whether people can adopt the temporal perspective of another person when travelling through time. To elucidate similarities and differences between time travelling from one’s own perspective or from the perspective of another person, we asked participants to mentally project themselves or someone else (i.e., a coexperimenter) to different time points. Three basic properties of mental time travel were manipulated: temporal location (i.e., where in time the travel originates: past, present, and future), motion direction (either backwards or forwards), and temporal duration (i.e., the distance to travel: one, three, or five years). We found that time travels originating in the present lasted longer in the self- than in the other-perspective. Moreover, for self-perspective, but not for other-perspective, time was differently scaled depending on where in time the travel originated. In contrast, when considering the direction and the duration of time travelling, no dissimilarities between the self- and the other-perspective emerged. These results suggest that self- and other-projection, despite some differences, share important similarities in structure.

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Locke

Sacrifice Regained ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198840473.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Roger Crisp

Keyword(s):

Natural Law ◽

John Locke ◽

The Self ◽

Moral Reasons ◽

Self Interest

This chapter discusses the views on self-interest and morality of the great English empiricist philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). Locke’s responses to Thomas Hobbes’s view that there is a natural law of self-interest are described, in particular his view that there are moral reasons independent of those grounded in the self-interest of the agent. Locke’s own account of natural law is set out, and the role of God as the source of morality explained. The question of whether Locke was a utilitarian is discussed, and an explanation is offered for Locke’s failure explicitly to allow for ultimate moral reasons.

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SOCIAL PREFERENCES OF YOUNG ADULTS IN JAPAN: THE ROLES OF AGE AND GENDER

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590820500770 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

AKIHIRO KAWASE

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Economic Behavior ◽

The Self ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The Social ◽

Self Interest ◽

And Gender ◽

Empirical Methodology

Deviations from self-interest in economic behavior have recently been featured in models of “social preferences.” This study examines the social preferences of Japanese university students using Charness and Rabin’s [( 2002 ). Understanding social preferences with simple tests. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 817–869] experimental design and Martinsson et al.’s [( 2011 ). Social preferences during childhood and the role of gender and age: An experiment in Austria and Sweden. Economics Letters, 110, 248–251] empirical methodology. The obtained distributions of preference types are as follows: self-interest — 14%, competitive — 23%, difference aversion — 73% and social-welfare — 22%. I find a significant age effect for the self-interest preference alone, and a gender difference for the self-interest, difference aversion and social-welfare preferences.

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Balancing of self-interests versus other-interests and five styles of conflict resolution

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20185701018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 01018

Author(s):

Bożena Kłusek-Wojciszke ◽

Jacek Grodzicki

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Conflict Management ◽

Empirical Research ◽

The Self ◽

Classical Analysis ◽

Interest Inventory ◽

Self Interest

The classical analysis of conflict management assumes that there are 5 main styles of conflict resolution which originate from various combinations of attainment of the self-interest and other-interest. Cooperation is underlain by joint maximization of both interests, Competition means maximization of self-interest at the expense of other-interest, Accommodation means maximization of other-interest at the expense of self-interest, Avoidance means neglect of both interests, while Compromise means a partial realization of the two interests. Although the five styles of conflict resolution are well-supported by empirical research, there is no research directly showing the assumed role of the two interests in the five styles of conflict resolution. The present paper presents an empirical study of 83 employees showing that the two interests (as measured by The Selfand Other Interest Inventory devised by Gerbasi & Prentice) [1] are systematically and predictably related to the five styles of conflict resolution (as measured by the Questionnaire of Five Styles of Conflict Resolution devised by Kłusek) [2].

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