Prevalence of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria, resistance genes and integron-associated horizontal gene transfer in natural water bodies and soils adjacent to a swine feedlot in northern Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jih-Tay Hsu ◽  
Chia-Yang Chen ◽  
Chu-Wen Young ◽  
Wei-Liang Chao ◽  
Mao-Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria Resistance ◽  
Natural Water Bodies ◽  
Northern Taiwan

scholarly journals Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Three Different Natural Water Bodies-A Lake, River and Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Su ◽  
Chenyu Li ◽  
Jiping Yang ◽  
Qunying Xu ◽  
Zhigang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Currently, due to abuse in the use of human antibiotics and the weak regulatory control that the authorities have over sewage discharge and manure management, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a new type of environmental pollutant. Three different natural water bodies (Poyang Lake, Haihe River and Qingdao No.1 Bathing Beach seawater) were sampled during the same periods to conduct a longitudinal comparison of distribution. The distribution and expression of 11 ARGs in 20 species were studied, and the correlations between the expression and the distribution of time and space of the ARGs in different water bodies were also analyzed. With the exception of ermA, blaNDM-1 and vanA, which were not detected in seawater, the other ARGs could be detected in all three water bodies. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetM and tetQ) in the seawater and Haihe River had even reached 100%, and sulfa ARGs (sul1 and sul2) in the seawater and Poyang Lake, as well as sul2 and sul3 in the Haihe River, had also reached 100%. The ARG pollution in Haihe River was much more serious, since 14 and 17 of 20 ARG species were significantly higher compared with seawater and Poyang Lake, respectively. Some ARGs also had a high absolute abundance. The absolute abundance of macrolide resistance genes (ermB) in seawater was as high as 8.61 × 107 copies/L, and the anti-tuberculosis resistant genes (rpoB and katG) in the Haihe River Basin were highly abundant at 1.32 × 106 copies/L and 1.06 × 107 copies/L, respectively. This indicates that ARGs have gradually become more diverse and extensive in natural water bodies. The results of a redundancy analysis (RDA) of the three water bodies showed that although each water body is affected by different factors in space and time, overall, the presence of AGRs is closely related to the production and life of human beings and the migration of animals.

scholarly journals Synthetic Fatty Acids Prevent Plasmid-Mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Getino ◽  
David J. Sanabria-Ríos ◽  
Raúl Fernández-López ◽  
Javier Campos-Gómez ◽  
José M. Sánchez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Bacterial Conjugation ◽  
Human Pathogens

ABSTRACT Bacterial conjugation constitutes a major horizontal gene transfer mechanism for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among human pathogens. Antibiotic resistance spread could be halted or diminished by molecules that interfere with the conjugation process. In this work, synthetic 2-alkynoic fatty acids were identified as a novel class of conjugation inhibitors. Their chemical properties were investigated by using the prototype 2-hexadecynoic acid and its derivatives. Essential features of effective inhibitors were the carboxylic group, an optimal long aliphatic chain of 16 carbon atoms, and one unsaturation. Chemical modification of these groups led to inactive or less-active derivatives. Conjugation inhibitors were found to act on the donor cell, affecting a wide number of pathogenic bacterial hosts, including Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp. Conjugation inhibitors were active in inhibiting transfer of IncF, IncW, and IncH plasmids, moderately active against IncI, IncL/M, and IncX plasmids, and inactive against IncP and IncN plasmids. Importantly, the use of 2-hexadecynoic acid avoided the spread of a derepressed IncF plasmid into a recipient population, demonstrating the feasibility of abolishing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistances by blocking bacterial conjugation. IMPORTANCE Diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are taking an important toll with respect to human morbidity and mortality. The most relevant antibiotic resistance genes come to human pathogens carried by plasmids, mainly using conjugation as a transmission mechanism. Here, we identified and characterized a series of compounds that were active against several plasmid groups of clinical relevance, in a wide variety of bacterial hosts. These inhibitors might be used for fighting antibiotic-resistance dissemination by inhibiting conjugation. Potential inhibitors could be used in specific settings (e.g., farm, fish factory, or even clinical settings) to investigate their effect in the eradication of undesired resistances.

scholarly journals Horizontal gene transfer facilitates the spread of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Kittredge ◽  
Kevin M. Dougherty ◽  
Sarah E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

AbstractAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in the environment and pose a serious risk to human and veterinary health. While many studies focus on the spread of live antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout the environment, it is unclear whether extracellular ARGs from dead cells can transfer to live bacteria to facilitate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in nature. Here, we inoculate antibiotic-free soil with extracellular ARGs (eARGs) from dead Pseudeononas stutzeri cells and track the evolution of antibiotic resistance via natural transformation – a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer involving the genomic integration of eARGs. We find that transformation facilitates the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance even when eARGs occur at low concentrations (0.25 μg g-1 soil). However, when eARGs are abundant, transformation increases substantially. The evolution of antibiotic resistance was high under soil moistures typical in terrestrial systems (5%-30% gravimetric water content) and was only inhibited at very high soil moistures (>30%). While eARGs transformed into live cells at a low frequency, exposure to a low dose of antibiotic allowed a small number of transformants to reach high abundances in laboratory populations, suggesting even rare transformation events pose a risk to human health. Overall, this work demonstrates that dead bacteria and their eARGs are an overlooked path to antibiotic resistance, and that disinfection alone is insufficient to stop the spread of antibiotic resistance. More generally, the spread of eARGs in antibiotic-free soil suggests that transformation allows genetic variants to establish at low frequencies in the absence of antibiotic selection.ImportanceOver the last decade, antibiotics in the environment have gained increasing attention because they can select for drug-resistant phenotypes that would have otherwise gone extinct. To counter this effect, bacterial populations exposed to antibiotics often undergo disinfection. However, the release of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) into the environment following disinfection can promote the transfer of eARGs through natural transformation. This phenomenon is well-documented in wastewater and drinking water, but yet to be investigated in soil. Our results directly demonstrate that eARGs from dead bacteria are an important, but often overlooked source of antibiotic resistance in soil. We conclude that disinfection alone is insufficient to prevent the spread of ARGs. Special caution should be taken in releasing antibiotics into the environment, even if there are no live antibiotic resistant bacteria in the community, as transformation allows DNA to maintain its biological activity past microbial death.

scholarly journals Occupational and Environmental Health Concerns on Unsafe Acts and Conditions in Poultry Production Sites in Ido-Osi, Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
A. O. Oluyege ◽  
K. O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Natural Water Bodies ◽  
Area Of Study

Aim: Many food animal production facilities are sited close to human residence. This research work seeks to establish the occupational and environmental burdens of unsafe acts and conditions in backyard poultry production sites in the area of study in order to validate the compliance level of poultry farmers to common safety regulations. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Department, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, from February 2017 to December 2019. Methodology: A well-structured questionnaire was administered to farm managers and residents within the area of study. Data on poultry management attitudes and history of water use were collected. The coordinates of the poultry sites, natural water bodies, source area and their relative distances were determined using the Geographical System Information Software, Mapit GIS. Fecal droppings from poultry birds were randomly sampled with a sterile swab stick and transferred into a factory-packed polythene bag. The suspension of the fecal droppings was streaked on Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. Waste-water, soil from disposal sites, and poultry feed samples were also collected in sterile universal bottles, serially diluted and cultured. E. coli isolates were characterized using relevant biochemical tests. The modified paper disc-diffusion method was used to determine the isolates’ sensitivity to nine tested antibiotics. The results were interpreted based on the procedures of the clinical and laboratory standard institutes. Results: Majority of the poultry farms under survey, 83% adopted the intensive ranging system of farming while few adopted the free range system. Layers were the most reared, 50%. There was no documented health, safety and regulatory protocols used on all the farms leading to variations in poultry management practices. Accumulated poultry droppings were periodically disposed between 3-4 days into open fields, flowing water bodies and pits. Among the three adopted waste disposal options, disposal into open field was rampant, 67%. Also, some of the poultry farmers, 42% applied the collected poultry droppings as farm yard manure. Family members constitute the major labor force, 92% on the farm. There were contacts between few of the farmers and their clients during routine farm activities. Majority of the farmers, 83.3% were not kitted with commonly-used personal protective equipment while coverall was only used by few. The five natural water bodies found within the area of study were majorly used for agricultural, domestic, and, recreational purposes. There was history of diarrhea in respondents, 12% with exposure to the water bodies. Socio-demographic data show that young, married-males with tertiary education comprise the major farming population. The relative distance of poultry farms to residential site is ≤ 6 meters while the proximity of poultry farms to natural water sources is between 160 meters to 4,596 meters. Antibiotic sensitivity test shows that multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria were present in poultry droppings, waste water and soil from poultry waste disposal sites. Bacterial resistance to the fluoroquinolones, sulphonamide, tetracycline, aminoglycoside and penicillin was high. Conclusion: The findings on unsafe act audit of the poultry production sites assert that safety of public health is dependent on the quality of water and soil found in human environment. Unsafe acts and conditions with the inherent occupational hazards in poultry production sites are attributed to non-functional health, safety and environment management system. Antibiotic resistant bacteria in poultry droppings constitute biological hazard to humans. Exposure to these biological hazards predisposes the public to infections. Human and environmental health can be improved by reviewing the national guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Treatment and Antibiogram Profiles of E.coli Isolated from Selected Poultry Farms in Ido-Ekiti

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
A. O. Oluyege ◽  
K. O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Aims: Antibiotic therapy in poultry is alleged to spread multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study seeks to correlate antibiotic treatment in poultry with the occurrence of multiple bacterial resistances to critically important antibiotics and also determine the potential sources of acquisition of these bacteria. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti between February 2017 and December 2019. Methodology: Data on antibiotic treatment, poultry management practices and use of natural water bodies in the area of study were collected from farm managers and residents using a questionnaire. The locations of the source area and their relative distances were determined using the Geographical System Information Software, Mapit. Fresh fecal droppings from poultry birds were randomly sampled with a sterile swab stick and transferred into a freshly-procured, sealed, factory-packed polythene bag. Farm feed, water, and soil from disposal sites were also collected in sterile universal containers. The suspension of the fecal droppings was streaked on Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates with sterile wire loop and incubated at 37 °C for 18-24 hours. Soil and water samples from the waste disposal sites were serially diluted and streaked as previously. The isolates were characterized using relevant biochemical tests. Modified Kirby Bauer method was used to determine the isolates’ susceptibility to nine tested antibiotics, and the results were interpreted based on CLSI guidelines. Results: Most of the examined birds, (92%) were exposed to antibiotics, of which 64% of the antibiotics were administered for therapeutic purposes, prophylaxis (27%) and enhancement of egg production in layers (9%). All the antibiotics were administered by mixing them in a specified quantity of water. The majority (46%) of the birds were first exposed to antibiotics at the age of 2 weeks. Routine charts were used by 25% of the farmers for the administration of antibiotics. Data from farm records show that eleven antibiotics were selectively used on the farms. Sulfonamide and diaveridine, an anti-coccidiostat, were administered in most of the farms (50%), while tylosine, metronidazole and chloramphenicol recorded the least (8.3%). Carbapenem, penicillin, and cephalosporin were not administered. From the data obtained on antibiotics-presence in two retail markets, tetracycline, neomycin, gentamycin and erythromycin were available in both retail markets, cephalosporins, meropenem, and metronidazole were not sold for poultry consumption. Both the percentage occurrences of E. coli from fresh poultry droppings (44.1%) and waste disposal sites (33.3%) were relatively low. Higher antibiotic percentage resistance to ciprofloxacin (87%), ofloxacin (83%), sulfonamide, and tetracycline (78%) were found in the isolates. Multiple antibiotic-resistant profiles occurred in patterns and different patterns were replicated across various farms. Also, 46 multiple antibiotic-resistant patterns were recorded, and two of these patterns (AMC, CIP, OFX, CN, SXT, TET and CRO, CAZ, AMC, CIP, OFX, CN, MEM, SXT) were spread across 50% of the farms. There was history of diarrhea in some respondents (12%), linked to human exposure to contaminated natural water bodies. From correlation studies, both data on antibiotic treatment and that from market survey were directly related to the antibiotic-resistant profiles of isolates. The Spearman correlation coefficient are (rs (3) = 0.866, p = .333) and (rs (3) = 0 .667, p = .500) respectively. Conclusion: The development and spread of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria of poultry origin are primarily attributed to poor antibiotic formulation policy, crude antibiotic treatment on poultry farms, and indiscriminate supply of antibiotics to untrained poultry personnel. The effectiveness of the super drugs used for the treatment of superbugs in poultry birds may be undermined if policies on the antibiotic formulation, dispensing, and therapy are not reviewed.

Assessment of the Influence of the Invasive Species Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) on Some Species of Submerged Macrophytes of Natural Water Bodies of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
O. P. Olkhovich ◽  
N. Yu. Taran ◽  
N. B. Svetlova ◽  
L. M. Batsmanova ◽  
M. V. Aleksiyenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

scholarly journals Reply: Potential discharge, attenuation and exposure risk of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies receiving treated wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Md Alamin ◽  
Keisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kiran Dhangar ◽  
Akihiko Hata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

On methodological approaches to the improvement of surface water bodies and target indicators of the natural waters’ quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Zaslonovsky ◽  
◽  
N. Sharapov ◽  
M. Bosov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

The paper is devoted to the development of proposals concerning the improvement of surface water bodies and the appointment of target indicators of the natural waters’ quality. The paper considers a variety of problems of preserving, restoring and improving the quality of natural surface waters: from regional features of the formation of natural water composition, to differences in the requirements for the quality of water consumed. The object of the study is the qualitative indicators of the waters of natural water bodies, and the subject of the study is the methodological approaches to the normalization of these indicators. The purpose of the work is to identify the main shortcomings in the domestic system of rationing the quality of natural waters, and to form appropriate proposals. For this purpose, the following tasks were set and solved: to review the methodological approaches to assessing and rationing the quality of natural waters used in some foreign countries and in the Russian Federation, to identify the main causes and shortcomings; to make proposals for improving the current system of water quality rationing. The result of this work is the conclusions about the lack of impact of the strategy operating in Russia in the development of schemes of complex use and protection of water objects, standards of permissible impact on water bodies, the appointment of permissible discharge limits in terms of maintaining and improving the water quality of natural water bodies. The reasons that led to this are indicated. The necessity of taking into account, in addition to the physical and chemical composition, also hydrobiological parameters is shown. It is concluded that instead of fisheries management standards, environmental standards should serve as the basis for target indicators of water quality of natural water bodies, which determine the well-being of humans and the stable functioning of aquatic ecosystems, taking into account regional factors. Proposals were made to adjust the methodological approaches to the implementation of this strategy. According to the authors, these proposals will speed up the solution of the main objectives of the strategy – the ecological improvement of water bodies, the preservation of unique aquatic ecosystems and the environmentally safe development of territories that previously experienced relatively small anthropogenic impacts (Eastern Siberia and the Far East)

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