Iron particle formation under chlorine disinfection considering effects of deoxidizers in drinking water

2021 ◽  
pp. 126581
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhuang ◽  
Ruya Chen ◽  
Baoyou Shi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection

scholarly journals Deactivation of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in drinking water by PMS/UV-C: Efficiency and mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoqin Chen ◽  
Jinzhe Li ◽  
Longqian Xu ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Uv C ◽  
By Products

Abstract The occurrence an d infestations of chlorine-resistant invertebrates in drinking water distributions have attracted concerns on water quality in China, making effective deactivation imperative. This study presents a no vel strategy for nematode ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) deactivation using peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/UV-C. The results indicated that 100% deactivation efficiency was obtained under optimal conditions. An acidic pH and 0.25 mg/L Fe(II) were beneficial to the PMS/UV-C-triggered deactivation of nematodes. A mechanism study demonstrated that was activated by UV-C to produce · OH and · SO 4 - , which resulted in oxidative stress and stimulated the occurrence of cell apoptosis, leading to nematode deactivation. The results reveal PMS/UV-C as an alternative to chlorination in water treatment plants (WTP) or an emergency application when chlorine-resistant invertebrates breed in a second-supply water tank, is a promising strategy for disinfection. This approach afforded the advantages of avoiding the production of chlorine disinfection by-products (DBP) and greater efficacy of nematode deactivation. This work will provide ideas for on-going research efforts into chlorine-resistant invertebrate deactivation, and eventually achieve the direct drinking of municipal tap water.

Controlling taste and odour events for the city of Philadelphia, USA: a case study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet ◽  
Gary Burlingame ◽  
Erin Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Consumer Complaints ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The City

The overall goal of this case study is to describe the history and present methods that the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) uses to address its on-going earthy and musty drinking water T&O problems. The Philadelphia Water Department has developed a baseline for its water's aesthetic qualities since the early 1980’s. Philadelphia feels it has sufficient resources to control taste and odour problems. However, when directly asked, only 61–64% of the consumers are satisfied with the taste and odour of Philadelphia's drinking waters. A taste and odour early warning system is being developed for the two drinking water sources, the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. Secondly, routine T&O panels and chemical analysis of geosmin and MIB are completed. Since the year 2000, 10 ng/L has become an early warning wake-up call for PWD. When higher levels are observed, testing is a priority, the source of the T&O is investigated and consumer complaints are monitored carefully. Present water treatment plants are conventional with chlorine disinfection, coagulation/sedimentation, rapid dual media filtration and final chloramination. The PWD uses powdered activated carbon, river water bypass and hydraulic changes in the distribution system to minimise odour events.

Factors Affecting the Genotoxicity of Drinking Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 922-927
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhen Xu ◽  
Dong Sheng Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Shi Chuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Umu Test ◽  
Genotoxic Compounds

The genotoxicity of drinking water have received increased attention in recent years to assess aquatic ecosystem safety. The factors affecting the genotoxicity of drinking water, including sample preparation, the concentration of bromide and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), were investigated using umu test. The result showed that sample preparation and bromide could significantly influence the genotoxicity of drinking water. During sample preparation, 1 and 2 L waters concentrated were suitable for umu test and the highest yield for genotoxic compounds was obtained from acid solution (pH 2) when ethyl acetate served as the eluant. Bromide could substantially increase the genotoxicity of drinking water after chlorine disinfection. The genotoxicity of drinking water could not be increased with increasing NH3-N concentration.

scholarly journals Optimization of the HS-SPME technique by using response surface methodology for evaluating chlorine disinfection by-products by GC in drinking water

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2330-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Aguirre-González ◽  
Gonzalo Taborda-Ocampo ◽  
Carmen Dussan-Lubert ◽  
Cristina Nerin ◽  
Milton Rosero-Moreano
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
By Products

Assimlable Organic Carbon (AOC) Criteria to Control Bactrium Regrowth in Drinking Water Distribution System

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Guo Wei Ni
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Maximum Content

Relation between AOC concentration and bacterium regrowth in drinking water network was investigated to obtain biostability criteria. Comparably obvious linear relationship was found between the maximum HPC and the maximum content of AOC of the distribution system. By extrapolation of the line，HPC would decline to 0 when AOC was 57µg/L. That result showed that substrates cannot support bacterium growth when AOC was less than 57µg/L. Similar obvious linear relationship was also derived between the maximum AOC content and the maximum AOC consumption (∆AOC) of the distribution system. AOC consumption (∆AOC) would decline to 0 when AOC content was 43.8µg/L. it also showed that bacteria cannot growth and AOC do not be utilized when AOC was less than 43.8µg/L. Some researchers had proposed biostability criterias, i.e. Van der Kooij’s criteria of 10µg/L and LeChevallier’s criteria of 50～100µg/L. We proposed that the biostability criteria under chlorine disinfection was AOC <40µg/L.

Limnoithona sinensis as refuge for bacteria: protection from UV radiation and chlorine disinfection in drinking water treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Bo Cai ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Living Bacteria

In this study, we tested the potential of Limnoithona sinensis to provide its attached bacteria refuge against disinfection. The experimental results indicated that in water devoid of zooplankton, both UV radiation and chlorine disinfection significantly decreased the viability of free-living bacteria. In the presence of L. sinensis, however, the attached bacteria could survive and rapidly recover from disinfection. This demonstrated that L. sinensis provided protection from external damage to various aquatic bacteria that were attached to its body. The surviving bacteria remained on L. sinensis after disinfection exposure, which enabled a rapid increase in the bacterial population followed by their subsequent release into the surrounding water. Compared with UV radiation, chlorine disinfection was more effective in terms of inactivating attached bacteria. Both UV radiation and chlorine disinfection had little effect in terms of preventing the spread of undesirable bacteria, due to the incomplete inactivation of the bacteria associated with L. sinensis.

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