scholarly journals Changes of the toxic potential of drinking water containing aminopyrine before and after chlorine disinfection as determined by the algal toxicity assay and the SOS/umu assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-jie Jin ◽  
Li Feng ◽  
Li-qiu Zhang ◽  
Yong-ze Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Algal Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Potential

scholarly journals Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhu ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
M H Reese ◽  
E S Buchanan ◽  
J E Tallaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drinking Frequency

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P < 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P < 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P < 0.0001), standing (P < 0.001), and sitting (P < 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P < 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.

scholarly journals Arsenic methylation patterns before and after changing from high to lower concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.

1996 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hopenhayn-Rich ◽  
M L Biggs ◽  
D A Kalman ◽  
L E Moore ◽  
A H Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Methylation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Investigation of opportunistic pathogens in municipal drinking water under different supply and treatment regimes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pryor ◽  
S. Springthorpe ◽  
S. Riffard ◽  
T. Brooks ◽  
Y. Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

Changing regulations to lower disinfectant byproducts in drinking water is forcing utilities to switch disinfection from chlorine to monochloramine. It is generally unknown whether this will impact positively or negatively on the microbiological quality of drinking water. A utility in Florida, using water with relatively high organic carbon levels from deep wells in several wellfields, made the decision to change its disinfection regime from chlorine to chloramine in order to meet the new regulations. To assess the impacts of such a change on the microbiology of its water supplies, it undertook a number of studies before and after the change. In particular, the presence of the opportunistic pathogens Legionella and Mycobacterium, and also the composition of drinking-water biofilms, were examined. A preliminary synthesis and summary of these results are presented here. Legionella species were widely distributed in source waters and in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant. In some samples they seemed to be among the dominant biofilm bacteria. Following the change to monochloramine, legionellae were not detected in the distribution system during several months of survey; however, they remained detectable at point of use, although with less species diversity. A variety of mycobacteria (21 types) were widely distributed in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant, but these seemed to increase in dominance after chloramination was instituted. At point of use, only four species of mycobacteria were detected. Other changes occurring with chloramination included (a) an altered biofilm composition, (b) increased numbers of total coliforms and heterotrophs and (c) nitrification of water storage tanks. The results suggested that consideration should be given to the microbiological effects of changing disinfection regimes in drinking-water and distribution system biofilms.

scholarly journals The difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste and without toothpaste

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Setiawan ◽  
Edeh Rolleta Haroen ◽  
Dede Hadidjah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

In administering fluoride through drinking water there is the risk of overdose, higher cost and inadequate availability of drinking water containing fluoride in developing countries like Indonesia. A safe fluoride source is contained in toothpaste. The purpose of this research was to obtain data concerning difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method. Samples were collected by the way of purposive sampling, conducted on 43 male and female research subjects. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis using the t test at 95% confidence level. In this research a control group consisting of 43 people was used. Research results indicated that the average saliva pH before brushing was 7.174; after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste salivary pH was 7.593. Result research of brushing without toothpaste showed an average saliva of 7.163 before brushing and 7.379 after brushing without toothpaste. The average changes in saliva pH before and after brushing using fluoride containing toothpaste was 0.216. The conclusion of this research was that there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride; there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing without toothpaste, and there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste.

Dynamics of bacterial communities before and after distribution in a full-scale drinking water network

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joline El-Chakhtoura ◽  
Emmanuelle Prest ◽  
Pascal Saikaly ◽  
Mark van Loosdrecht ◽  
Frederik Hammes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Effects of Backwashing on Granular Activated Carbon with Ammonium Removal Potential in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Purification Plant

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Niu ◽  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Purification Plant

Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been widely introduced to advanced drinking water purification plants to remove organic matter and ammonium. Backwashing, which is the routine practice for GAC maintenance, is an important operational factor influencing the performance of GAC and its microbial biomass. In this study, the effects of backwashing on the ammonium removal potential of GAC were evaluated. In addition, abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on GAC were analyzed. GAC samples before and after backwashing were collected from a full-scale drinking water purification plant. Samplings were conducted before and after implementation of prechlorination of raw water. The results showed that the ammonium removal potential of the GAC increased by 12% after backwashing before prechlorination (p < 0.01). After implementing the prechlorination, the ammonium removal potential of the GAC decreased by 12% even after backwashing (p < 0.01). The AOA was predominant on the GAC in the two samplings. Regardless of prechlorination, the amounts of the AOA and the AOB remained at the same level before and after backwashing. Analysis of the backwashing water indicated that the amounts of the AOA and AOB washed out from the GAC were negligible (0.08%–0.26%) compared with their original amounts on the GAC. These results revealed the marginal role of backwashing on the biomass of ammonia oxidizers on GAC. However, the results also revealed that backwashing could have a negative impact on the ammonium removal potential of GAC during prechlorination.

Determination of Phenolic Compounds from Jimma Drinking Water Using 4-Aminoantipyrine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Kassahun Dejene Belayneh ◽  
Khalid Siraj ◽  
Mengesha Tigist
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Jimma Town

The quality of drinking water in Ethiopia is an influential environmental factor of health and water can use as a medium for disease transmission in countries on all continents; all are affected from the poorest to the richest. Moreover, in our globe millions of people are unprotected to unsafe concentration of chemical pollutants in the drinking water. Dichlorohenols are considered as key water pollutants that are destructive to creatures at stumpy concentrations and many of them have been clustered as detrimental pollutants because of their probable to damage human health even in low concentration. This research aimed to determine phenolic compounds from drinking water of Jimma town which is found south west of Ethiopia, by using 4-Aminoantipyridine (AAP). The sample of drinking water before and after treatment was collected for determination of pollutants which classified as raw water (RW), treated water (TW) and system distributed water (SDW). The sample of water was preserved by phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid under pH 4 and distillation was carried out in order to remove sulfur containing compounds by addition of CuSO4 solution. In the analysis of water using 4-Aminoantipyrine the treated water and the system distributed water have been contained 2.73 ppb and 3.64 ppb which had more phenolic compounds as compared to raw water of 1.18 ppb. Therefore, the existence of phenolic compound in both treated and system distributed water of Jimma town drinking water has more phenolic compounds as compared to the permissible level of both Ethiopian Standard, 2 ppb and EPA Standards, 1 ppb.

Reduction in Exposure to Lead from Drinking Water and its Effect on Blood Lead Concentrations

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sherlock ◽  
D. Ashby ◽  
H.T. Delves ◽  
G.I. Forbes ◽  
M.R. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lead Pipes

1 The water supply in Ayr (Scotland, UK) was plumbosolvent and many dwellings in Ayr contained lead pipes. In 1981 treatment of the water supply to reduce its plumbosolvency was initiated. Measurements of water and blood lead concentrations were made before and subsequent to the treatment. Most of the measurements made before and after water treatment began were made on water samples from the same dwellings and blood samples from the same women. 2 Water treatment produced a sharp fall in water lead concentrations and a decrease in the median blood lead concentration from 21 to 13 μg/100 ml. 3 Two women had higher than expected blood lead concentrations, both these women had been removing old paint. 4 Women who had lead pipes removed from their dwellings all showed substantial decreases in their blood lead concentrations. 5 The curvilinearity of the relation between blood lead and water lead concentrations is confirmed. Even relatively low (<40 μg/l) water lead concentrations may make a substantial contribution to blood lead concentrations.

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