scholarly journals Monitoring antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater environments: The challenges of filling a gap in the One-Health cycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 127407
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Miłobedzka ◽  
Catarina Ferreira ◽  
Ivone Vaz-Moreira ◽  
David Calderón-Franco ◽  
Adrian Gorecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistome from the One-Health perspective: understanding and controlling antimicrobial resistance transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Wi Kim ◽  
Chang-Jun Cha
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the important findings from each One-Health sector considering this concept, thereby emphasizing the significance of the One-Health approach in understanding ARG transmission. Cutting-edge research methodologies are essential for deciphering the complex resistome structure in the microbiomes of humans, animals, and the environment. Based on the recent achievements of resistome studies in multiple One-Health sectors, future directions for resistome research have been suggested to improve the understanding and control of ARG transmission: (1) ranking the critical ARGs and their hosts; (2) understanding ARG transmission at the interfaces of One-Health sectors; (3) identifying selective pressures affecting the emergence, transmission, and evolution of ARGs; and (4) elucidating the mechanisms that allow an organism to overcome taxonomic barriers in ARG transmission.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

scholarly journals Genomic and Functional Analyses of SXT, an Integrating Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer Element Derived from Vibrio cholerae

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (15) ◽  
pp. 4259-4269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Beaber ◽  
Bianca Hochhut ◽  
Matthew K. Waldor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
The One ◽  
Functional Analyses

ABSTRACT SXT is representative of a family of conjugative-transposon-like mobile genetic elements that encode multiple antibiotic resistance genes. In recent years, SXT-related conjugative, self-transmissible integrating elements have become widespread in Asian Vibrio cholerae. We have determined the 100-kb DNA sequence of SXT. This element appears to be a chimera composed of transposon-associated antibiotic resistance genes linked to a variety of plasmid- and phage-related genes, as well as to many genes from unknown sources. We constructed a nearly comprehensive set of deletions through the use of the one-step chromosomal gene inactivation technique to identify SXT genes involved in conjugative transfer and chromosomal excision. SXT, unlike other conjugative transposons, utilizes a conjugation system related to that encoded by the F plasmid. More than half of the SXT genome, including the composite transposon-like structure that contains its antibiotic resistance genes, was not required for its mobility. Two SXT loci, designated setC and setD, whose predicted amino acid sequences were similar to those of the flagellar regulators FlhC and FlhD, were found to encode regulators that activate the transcription of genes required for SXT excision and transfer. Another locus, designated setR, whose gene product bears similarity to lambdoid phage CI repressors, also appears to regulate SXT gene expression.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Human-Impacted Environment: A One Health Perspective

Pedosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. TIEDJE ◽  
Fang WANG ◽  
Célia M. MANAIA ◽  
Marko VIRTA ◽  
Hongjie SHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes

scholarly journals The Features of the Formation of Antibiotic Resistance in the Causative Agents of Pyo-Inflammatory Lung Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
V. I. Petuhov ◽  
V. K. Okulich ◽  
V. Yu. Zemko ◽  
A. V. Kornilov ◽  
A. M. Dzyadz’Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The One ◽  
Care Ward ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics ◽  
Intensive Care Ward

Objective: to study the features of the formation of antibacterial resistance of the causative agents of pyo-inflammatory lung diseases. Material and methods. The microbiological landscape of 59 patients with severe forms of pneumonia, the ability of the isolates to form biofilms, and the presence of the resistance genes to carbapenems and cephalosporins have been studied. Results. 73 isolates were isolated by the microbiological method. K. pneumoniae was the most common (64.4%). The microflora was not detected in 5 cases. The use of the PCR diagnostics made it possible to identify the associations of microorganisms in all the cases. P. aeruginosa was the one which formed the biofilm most intensively. The most common resistance genes were OXA-48 (63.1 %), CTX-M (35.9 %), and NDM (25 %). Conclusion. K. pneumoniae having the OXA-48 resistance gene was the most common pathogen in the patients with severe forms of pneumonia in the Resuscitation and Intensive Care Ward of Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital. The majority of the isolates possessed a moderate or high ability to form the biofilm with its maximum weight in P. aeruginosa 136.5 [23; 75.1] µg/well. The detection of antibiotic resistance genes by the method of the PCR diagnostics will make it possible to adjust the choice of drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Portuguese Livestock Manure

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Amador ◽  
Ruben Fernandes ◽  
Cristina Prudêncio ◽  
Isabel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
The One

The exposure of both crop fields and humans to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal excreta is an emergent concern of the One Health initiative. This study assessed the contamination of livestock manure from poultry, pig, dairy farms and slaughterhouses in Portugal with resistance determinants. The resistance profiles of 331 Enterobacteriaceae isolates to eight β-lactam (amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefpirome, aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem and meropenem) and to five non-β-lactam antibiotics (tetracycline (TET), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ciprofloxacin (CIP), chloramphenicol (CHL) and gentamicin) was investigated. Forty-nine integron and non-β-lactam resistance genes were also screened for. Rates of resistance to the 13 antibiotics ranged from 80.8% to 0.6%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) rates were highest in pig farm samples (79%). Thirty different integron and resistance genes were identified. These were mainly associated with resistance to CHL (catI and catII), CIP (mainly, qnrS, qnrB and oqx), TET (mainly tet(A) and tet(M)) and SXT (mostly dfrIa group and sul3). In MDR isolates, integron presence and non-β-lactam resistance to TET, SXT and CHL were positively correlated. Overall, a high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae was found in livestock manure. The high gene diversity for antibiotic resistance identified in this study highlights the risk of MDR spread within the environment through manure use.

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

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