Lack of hepatitis C virus reinfection in lifetime of Japanese general population with previous hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection successfully treated with anti-HCV therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Toyoda ◽  
Satoshi Yasuda ◽  
Shohei Shiota ◽  
Takashi Kumada ◽  
Junko Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Therapy ◽  
Japanese General Population

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and risk factor analysis in Changsha, central China, about population undergoing routine check-up, 2013–2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohui Liu ◽  
Chang Zeng ◽  
Xintong Kang ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Central China ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Abstract Background Currently, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major public health problem. The aim of current study wanted to determine the prevalence of HCV virus infections, and to explore the risk factors for HCV infection in the general adult population undergoing routine check-ups in Changsha City. Methods We collected 59688 blood samples from the adult population undergoing routine check-ups in 2013–2015 and obtained relevant information using a standardized questionnaire. We then conducted association and logistic regression analyses. We used the enzyme immunoassay method to test for anti-HCV antibodies in the serum samples. Results The positivity rate of anti-HCV was about 0.57% (340/59688) in the general population. Participants from rural areas showed significantly higher HCV seroprevalence rates than did those from the urban area (0.83% vs 0.19%, p < 0.001). HCV seropositivity increased progressively with age, peaking at 55–64 years (1.23%), and decreasing in participants aged 65 and older. The positivity rate of anti-HCV for males was slightly higher than that of females (0.67% vs 0.48%, p = 0.002). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that history of blood transfusion, surgery, living in rural areas, and transmission in families were the main risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection is low in the general population in Changsha. This information vital for healthcare settings and health education entities in public, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND EVALUATION OF HCV-CORE ANTIGEN TEST IN SCREENING PATIENTS FOR DIALYSIS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira H Hanash ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Mohammed Hussein Saleh Bamshmous
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Hcv Core Antigen

Hepatitis C virus infection is a constant worldwide public health concern. The prevalence of HCV infection is higher in patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) than in the general population. Despite the control of blood products, hepatitis C virus transmission is still being observed among patients undergoing dialysis. Detection systems for serum HCV antibodies are insensitive in the acute phase because of the long serological window. Direct detection of HCV depends on PCR test but this test is not suitable for routine screening. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of HCV, genotyping and if HCV core antigen test could be a better alternative to NAT techniques for the diagnosis of HCV infection during the window period and whether the sensitivity for antibody detection is preserved. We screened 159 patients on long-term dialysis by HVC antibodies test, PCR HCV-RNA and HCV core antigen test by commercial tests. The prevalence of HCV was 10.7% (17 patients) and genotype 4 was the most common one (64.7%). The sensitivity of HCV core antigen test was 94.1%, the specificity 100%, the positive predictive power 100%, and the negative predictive power 97.9%. In conclusions; patients on maintenance HD in Yemen have a high prevalence of HCV infection comparing with general population; and genotype 4 is predominant. The performance of serological detection of HCV core antigen was better than that of HCV antibodies test and may be an alternative to nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) for routine monitoring of patients on chronic dialysis.

scholarly journals Incident Hepatitis C Virus Infections in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: Changes in Treatment Uptake and Outcomes Between 1991 and 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Wandeler ◽  
Marion Schlauri ◽  
Marie-Eve Jaquier ◽  
Janine Rohrbach ◽  
Karin J. Metzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Hcv Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Abstract Background.  The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic is evolving rapidly in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We aimed to describe changes in treatment uptake and outcomes of incident HCV infections before and after 2006, the time-point at which major changes in HCV epidemic became apparent. Methods.  We included all adults with an incident HCV infection before June 2012 in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, a prospective nationwide representative cohort of individuals infected with HIV. We assessed the following outcomes by time period: the proportion of patients starting an HCV therapy, the proportion of treated patients achieving a sustained virological response (SVR), and the proportion of patients with persistent HCV infection during follow-up. Results.  Of 193 patients with an HCV seroconversion, 106 were diagnosed before and 87 after January 2006. The proportion of men who have sex with men increased from 24% before to 85% after 2006 (P &lt; .001). Hepatitis C virus treatment uptake increased from 33% before 2006 to 77% after 2006 (P &lt; .001). Treatment was started during early infection in 22% of patients before and 91% after 2006 (P &lt; .001). An SVR was achieved in 78% and 29% (P = .01) of patients treated during early and chronic HCV infection. The probability of having a detectable viral load 5 years after diagnosis was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.77) in the group diagnosed before 2006 and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.16–0.35) in the other group (P &lt; .001). Conclusions.  In recent years, increased uptake and earlier initiation of HCV therapy among patients with incident infections significantly reduced the proportion of patients with replicating HCV.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Ouoba ◽  
Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo ◽  
Moussa Lingani ◽  
Bunthen E ◽  
Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
High Risk Populations

Abstract Background Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020. Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. Methods A systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. Results Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20–4.28) and 4.75% (95% CI: 1.79–8.94) in high-risk groups. A non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759 individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive. The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of 1.65% (95% CI: 0.74–2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174 people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1 were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively. Conclusions HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso and indicates the need to implement effective control strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and for rural and high-risk populations. General population screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special attention to rural and high-risk populations.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in Spain: Prevalence and Patient Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Berenguer ◽  
Antonio Rivero ◽  
Inmaculada Jarrín ◽  
María J. Núñez ◽  
María J. Vivancos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hcv Therapy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background.  The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (Abs) and active HCV infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV+) patients in Spain in 2015. This was a cross-sectional study. Methods.  The study was performed in 41 centers in 2015. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 2%, the number of patients from each hospital was determined by proportional allocation, and patients were selected using simple random sampling. Results.  The reference population was 35 791 patients, and the sample size was 1867 patients. Hepatitis C virus serostatus was known in 1843 patients (98.7%). Hepatitis C virus-Abs were detected in 695 patients (37.7%), in whom the main route of HIV acquisition was injection drug use (75.4%). Of these 695 patients, 402 had HCV RNA, 170 had had a sustained viral response (SVR) after anti-HCV therapy, and 102 cleared HCV spontaneously. Hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid results were unknown in 21 cases. Genotype distribution (known in 367 patients) was 1a in 143 patients (39.0%), 4 in 90 (24.5%) patients, 1b in 69 (18.8%) patients, 3 in 57 (15.5%) patients, 2 in 5 (1.4%) patients, and mixed in 3 (0.8%) patients. Liver cirrhosis was present in 93 patients (23.1%) with active HCV infection and in 39 (22.9%) patients with SVR after anti-HCV therapy. Conclusions.  The prevalence of HCV-Abs and active HCV infection in HIV+ patients in Spain is 37.7% and 22.1%, respectively; these figures are significantly lower than those recorded in 2002 and 2009. The predominant genotypes in patients with active HCV infection were 1a and 4. A high percentage of patients had cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is also common in patients with SVR after anti-HCV therapy.

P.262 Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: effectiveness in the general population of a highly endemic area

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. S143
Author(s):  
C.A. Caserta ◽  
A. Mariano ◽  
G.M. Pendino ◽  
P. Surace ◽  
M.T. Fiorillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hcv Infection

scholarly journals Mortality rates among individuals diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV); an observational cohort study, England, 2008 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Ireland ◽  
Sema Mandal ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Mary Ramsay ◽  
Ross Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
External Causes

Background Monitoring trends in mortality for individuals diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are important as we expand treatment and move towards World Health Organization elimination targets. Aim To estimate mortality rates for individuals aged ≥ 15 years diagnosed with HCV infection in England 2008–16. Methods An observational cohort study whereby death certificate information was linked to the Sentinel Surveillance of Blood Borne Virus Testing in England. Age-sex standardised mortality rates (ASMR) for individuals diagnosed with HCV infection (2008–16) were calculated and compared to the general population. Results Of 43,895 individuals with HCV infection, 2,656 (6.3%) died. All-cause ASMRs were 2,834.2 per 100,000 person years (PY), 2.3 times higher than in the general population. In individuals aged 30–69 years, all-cause mortality rates were 1,768.9 per 100,000 PY among individuals with HCV, 4.7 times higher than in the general population. ASMRs had not decreased between 2010 (2,992) and 2016 (2,340; p=0.10), with no change from 2014 (p = 0.058). ASMRs were 441.0 times higher for hepatitis, 34.4 times higher for liver cancer, 8.1 times higher for end stage liver disease and 6.4 times higher for external causes than in the general population. Conclusions Mortality was higher in individuals with diagnosed HCV infection compared to the general population, highlighting health inequalities. There is a need to improve HCV diagnosis, engagement in care and treatment rates. The high mortality from external causes highlights the importance of integrated health and social care strategies and addressing the needs of this vulnerable population.

Hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors in the general population: a large community-based study in eastern China, 2011–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2827-2836 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUANG ◽  
L. G. ZHU ◽  
X. J. ZHAI ◽  
Y. F. ZHU ◽  
M. YUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Community Based

SUMMARYLimited information is available on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the general population in China. A community-based epidemiological study was conducted in three counties in eastern China. A total of 149 175 individuals were investigated in 60 communities in three counties in Jiangsu province, eastern China, of whom 1175 subjects [0·79%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·74–0·83] were HCV antibody positive. The prevalence was low in children (0·09%, 95% CI 0·04–0·17), but increased progressively from adolescents (0·20%, 95% CI 0·15–0·28) to adults aged ⩾21 years (95% CI 0·15–1·64). Women had a higher prevalence of HCV infection than men in most age groups. In a multilevel regression analysis, age, sex, education, occupation, blood transfusion [odds ratio (OR) 2·91, 95% CI 1·09–5·37], invasive testing (OR 1·28, 95% CI 1·14–1·61), and dental therapy (OR 2·27, 95% CI 1·41–3·42) were associated with HCV infection. In conclusion, although the prevalence of HCV in this population was lower than reported from national levels, the total reservoir of infection is significant and warrants public health measures, such as health education to limit the magnitude of the problem.

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