Beetle, Dendroides canadensis, antifreeze proteins increased high temperature survivorship in transgenic fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Vu ◽  
James E. Pennoyer ◽  
Kevin R. Ruiz ◽  
Patricia Portmann ◽  
John G. Duman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Dendroides Canadensis

scholarly journals Association between the Effects of High Temperature on Fertility and Sleep in Female Intra-Specific Hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Lyudmila P. Zakharenko ◽  
Dmitriy V. Petrovskii ◽  
Nataliya V. Dorogova ◽  
Arcady A. Putilov
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Sleeping Problems ◽  
Thermal Responsiveness

Humans and fruit flies demonstrate similarity in sleep-wake behavior, e.g., in the pattern of sleep disturbances caused by an exposure to high temperature. Although research has provided evidence for a clear connection between sleeping problems and infertility in women, very little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this connection. Studies of dysgenic crosses of fruit flies revealed that an exposure to elevated temperature induces sterility in female intra-specific hybrids exclusively in one of two cross directions (progeny of Canton-S females crossed with Harwich males). Given the complexity and limitations of human studies, this fruit flies’ model of temperature-sensitive sterility might be used for testing whether the effects of high temperature on fertility and on 24-h sleep pattern are inter-related. To document this pattern, 315 hybrids were kept for at least five days in constant darkness at 20 °C and 29 °C. No evidence was found for a causal link between sterility and sleep disturbance. However, a diminished thermal responsiveness of sleep was shown by females with temperature-induced sterility, while significant responses to high temperature were still observed in fertile females obtained by crossing in the opposite direction (i.e., Canton-S males with Harwich females) and in fertile males from either cross.

scholarly journals Testing evolutionary explanations for the lifespan benefit of dietary restriction in fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster )

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eevi Savola ◽  
Clara Montgomery ◽  
Fergal M. Waldron ◽  
Katy M. Monteith ◽  
Pedro Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Virgin Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Oil Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in Fruit Flies (Drosophila melanogaster)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
O.O. Dosumu ◽  
◽  
E.N. Akang ◽  
O.K. Idowu ◽  
G.J. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
Locomotor Deficits ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with pathogenic mechanisms traceable to oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Rotenone, a chemical compound commonly found in pesticides, has been found to inhibit mitochondrial complex-I and initiate PD-like symptoms in mammals and several invertebrates. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCNO) obtained from the coconut fruit has been found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of VCNO on rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in fruit flies- Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). Methods: Canton special (CS) strains of D. melanogaster, aged between 1 to 3 days were orally exposed for 7 days to 0, 250, 500 and 750 μM rotenone diet for toxicity assay, and 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 % w/w VCNO diet for longevity assay. Thereafter, 5 % VCNO diet was selected for evaluation against 500 μM rotenone. Subsequently, behavioural test (negative geotaxis), markers for redox status and enzyme activities were evaluated. Results: The results showed that rotenone induced toxicity in the flies, while VCNO increased the lifespan of D. melanogaster in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, VCNO ameliorated rotenone-induced locomotor deficits, elevated MDA, as well as the depleted GSH levels. It also mitigated the inhibited activities of SOD, CAT and ATPase in the flies. Conclusions: VCNO protected D. melanogaster against rotenone-induced toxicity by extending longevity, preventing locomotor deficits and reducing oxidative stress.

Locomotion is not influenced by denticle number in larvae of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Fitzpatrick ◽  
Evelyn Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Locomotory Performance ◽  
Locomotion Speed

Denticles are small projections on the underside of larval fruit flies that are used to grip the substrate while crawling. Previous studies have shown that (i) there is natural variation in denticle number and pattern between Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) and several closely related species and (ii) mutations affecting denticle morphology have negative effects on locomotory performance. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between denticle number and locomotory performance within populations of D. melanogaster. Despite finding considerable variation in denticle number, we found no correlation between denticle number and three measurements of larval locomotion: speed, acceleration, and absolute turning rate.

scholarly journals Developmental speed affects ecological stoichiometry and adult fat reserves in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Indrikis A. Krams ◽  
Ronalds Krams ◽  
Priit Jõers ◽  
Māris Munkevics ◽  
Giedrius Trakimas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Fat Reserves

Abstract The elemental composition of organisms belongs to a suite of functional traits that change during development in response to environmental conditions. However, associations between adaptive variations in developmental speed and elemental body composition are not well understood. We compared body mass, elemental body composition, food uptake and fat metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster male fruit flies in relation to their larval development speed. Slowly developing flies had higher body carbon concentration than rapidly developing and intermediate flies. Rapidly developing flies had the highest body nitrogen concentration, while slowly developing flies had higher body nitrogen levels than flies with intermediate speed of development. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was therefore lower in rapidly developing flies than in slow and intermediate flies. We also had a group of flies grown individually and their body mass and elemental body composition were similar to those of rapidly developing individuals grown in groups. This suggests that rapid growth is not suppressed by stress. Feeding rates were lowest in the slowly developing flies. The amount of triacylglycerides was highest in the flies with intermediate developmental speed which optimizes development under many climatic conditions. Although low food intake slows down developmental speed and the accumulation of body fat reserves in slowly developing flies, their phenotype conceivably facilitates survival under higher stochasticity of their environments. Rapidly developing flies grew with less emphasis on storage build-up. Overall, this study shoes that a combination of bet-hedging, adaptive tracking and developmental plasticity enables fruit flies to respond adaptively to environmental uncertainty.

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