Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in oral inflammatory diseases

Inhibition of Urease, Elastase, and β-Glucuronidase Enzymatic Activity by Applying Aqueous Extracts of Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först Acid Fruits: In Vitro Essay under Simulated Digestive Conditions

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7705

Author(s):

Gabriela Medina-Pérez ◽

Laura Peralta-Adauto ◽

Laura Afanador-Barajas ◽

Fabián Fernández-Luqueño ◽

Elizabeth Pérez-Soto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Strong Acid ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽

Excessive Intake ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

High Doses

Non-communicable diseases such as gastric inflammatory diseases and the hepatic pathologies are mainly related to bad lifestyle habits such as recurrent consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive intake of alcohol, tobacco, steroids (high doses), alkaline agents, strong acid foods, and high-fat food, and Helicobacter pylori infections, among others. The fruit of Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först var. Ulapa (xoconostle) is currently being studied due its nutritional and functional properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of different parts of xoconostle fruit by establishing in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Four treatments were established to test aqueous extracts (pericarp (P), mesocarp (M), endocarp (E) and whole fruit (W)). The quantified bioactive compounds were the total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and betalains. The enzymatic assays were: urease, elastase, and β-glucuronidase. Significant differences (p < 0.05) of bioactive compounds content were measured in xoconostle extracts, the highest concentration was found in W (phenols 313 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoids 189 mg QE/100 g, tannins 71 mg CATE/100 g). The betalains content was higher in E; 17 mg/100 g significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in the enzymatic inhibitions test (urease, elastase and β-glucuronidase), where W presented the highest inhibition activity (86%, 79%, and 84%), respectively. Bioactive compounds after in vitro gastrointestinal tests were maintained above 60% enzymatic inhibition activity.

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Bioactive Metabolites from Marine Algae as Potent Pharmacophores against Oxidative Stress-Associated Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Biswajita Pradhan ◽

Rabindra Nayak ◽

Srimanta Patra ◽

Bimal Prasad Jit ◽

Andrea Ragusa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Photosynthetic Organisms ◽

Leading Role

In addition to cancer and diabetes, inflammatory and ROS-related diseases represent one of the major health problems worldwide. Currently, several synthetic drugs are used to reduce oxidative stress; nevertheless, these approaches often have side effects. Therefore, to overcome these issues, the search for alternative therapies has gained importance in recent times. Natural bioactive compounds have represented, and they still do, an important source of drugs with high therapeutic efficacy. In the “synthetic” era, terrestrial and aquatic photosynthetic organisms have been shown to be an essential source of natural compounds, some of which might play a leading role in pharmaceutical drug development. Marine organisms constitute nearly half of the worldwide biodiversity. In the marine environment, algae, seaweeds, and seagrasses are the first reported sources of marine natural products for discovering novel pharmacophores. The algal bioactive compounds are a potential source of novel antioxidant and anticancer (through modulation of the cell cycle, metastasis, and apoptosis) compounds. Secondary metabolites in marine Algae, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, could have great therapeutic implications against several diseases. In this context, this review focuses on the diversity of functional compounds extracted from algae and their potential beneficial effects in fighting cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases.

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Benefits of coffee consumption for human health: an overview

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401318666220111151531 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Petrine Castro Pereira ◽

Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira ◽

Carlos José Pimenta

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Antimutagenic Activity ◽

Organoleptic Properties ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

High Antioxidant Activity

Background: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and is popular for its characteristic flavor and rich organoleptic properties. Aim: Based on published articles, the aims of this review are i) study the association between coffee consumption and benefits to human health; ii) the effects of coffee consumption on some pathologies; and iii) provide a description of coffee’s bioactive compounds. Discussion: Coffee presents bioactive compounds, which include phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid (caffeoylquinic acid), trigonelline, and diterpenes, such as cafestol and kahweol. These compounds are related to the beneficial effects for human health, including high antioxidant activity, antimutagenic activity, hepatoprotective action, reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, decreased incidence of inflammatory diseases, reduced menopausal symptoms, and others. Coffee’s bioactive compounds are caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, cafestol and kahweol, which are closely related to coffee’s beneficial effects. Conclusion: The present review clarified that the benefits of moderate coffee consumption outweigh the associated risks.

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A Review on Leukotriene Antagonistic Agents of Plant Origin

Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajomc.2020.ajomc-p241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Khushbo Bhardwaj ◽

Deepak Meshram ◽

Kapil Kumar Soni

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Human Beings ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Herbal Preparations ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

By Products

Nowadays, leukotriene antagonistic agents are playing an important role in the management of asthma, rhinitis and other inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Leukotriene antagonistic agents available in the market are montelukast, pranulukast, zafirlukast, iralukast, cinalukast, zileuton, verlukst and so on. However, due to several side effects of above allopathic medicines, the bioactive compounds of plant origin are playing a very important role as secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are still being used by the human beings since time immemorial in the form of herbal preparations for the treatment of various ailments as mentioned in Ayurvedic system of medicine (ASM). Many researches have been reported related to the anti-inflammatory properties of plants in the traditional medicines, which are capable of suppressing, reducing and relieving pain as well as in reducing inflammation. Therefore, there is a need to highlights some plant species and their by-products possessing anti-inflammatory and leukotriene antagonistic properties

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Therapeutic Promises of Medicinal Plants in Bangladesh and Their Bioactive Compounds against Ulcers and Inflammatory Diseases

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1348

Author(s):

Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Fazle Rabbee ◽

Anindita Roy ◽

Rocky Chowdhury ◽

Anik Banik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Active Components ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Biological Entities

When functioning properly, the stomach is the center of both physical and mental satisfaction. Gastrointestinal disorders, or malfunctioning of the stomach, due to infections caused by various biological entities and physiochemical abnormalities, are now widespread, with most of the diseases being inflammatory, which, depending on the position and degree of inflammation, have different names such as peptic or gastric ulcers, irritable bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, and so on. While many synthetic drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are now extensively used to treat these diseases, their harmful and long-term side effects cannot be ignored. To treat these diseases safely and successfully, different potent medicinal plants and their active components are considered game-changers. In consideration of this, the present review aimed to reveal a general and comprehensive updated overview of the anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of medicinal plants. To emphasize the efficacy of the medicinal plants, various bioactive compounds from the plant extract, their experimental animal models, and clinical trials are depicted.

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