scholarly journals Raloxifene retards cartilage degradation and improves subchondral bone micro-architecture in ovariectomized rats with patella baja-induced - patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-J. Bei ◽  
F.-M. Tian ◽  
Y.-P. Xiao ◽  
X.-H. Cao ◽  
N. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Patella Baja

scholarly journals SOST Deficiency Aggravates Osteoarthritis in Mice by Promoting Sclerosis of Subchondral Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jingyu Li ◽  
Junjie Xue ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Manyi Wang ◽  
Rui Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sost Gene ◽  
Bone Sclerosis ◽  
The Difference

As the initial part in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), subchondral bone sclerosis has been considered to be initiated by excess mechanical loading and proven to be correlated to other pathological changes. Sclerostin, which is an essential mechanical stress response protein, is encoded by the SOST gene. It is expressed in osteocytes and mature chondrocytes and has been proven to be closely correlated to OA. However, the relationship and mechanism between the SOST gene and the development of OA remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the SOST gene in OA pathogenesis in the subchondral bone. A knee anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse osteoarthritis (OA) model on SOST-knockout (SOST KO) and wild-type (WT) mice was established. The pathogenic and phenotypic changes in the subchondral bone were investigated by histology, micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, TRAP staining, Masson staining, and Toluidine blue staining. It was found that sclerostin expression decreased in both the calcified cartilage and mineralized subchondral structures during the development of OA. Joint instability induced a severe cartilage degradation phenotype, with higher OARSI scores in SOST KO mice, when compared to WT mice. SOST KO mice with OA exhibited a higher BMD and BV/TV ratio, as well as a higher rate of bone remodeling and TRAP-positive cell number, when compared to the WT counterparts, but the difference was not significant between the sham-operation groups. It was concluded that loss of sclerostin aggravates knee OA in mice by promoting subchondral bone sclerosis and increasing catabolic activity of cartilage.

scholarly journals Early patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration in a rat model of patellar instability is associated with activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Huijun Kang ◽  
Yike Dai ◽  
Yingzhen Niu ◽  
Guangmin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Patellar Instability ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Articular Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract Background Patellar instability (PI) often increases the possibility of lateral patellar dislocation and early osteoarthritis. The molecular mechanism of early articular cartilage degeneration during patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) still requires further investigation. However, it is known that the NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in articular cartilage degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the NF-κB signaling pathway and patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration. Methods We established a rat model of PI-induced PFOA. Female 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 120) were randomly divided into two groups: the PI (n = 60) and control group (n = 60). The distal femurs of the PI and control group were isolated and compared 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The morphological structure of the trochlear cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology. The expression of NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, collagen X, and TNF-ɑ were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results In the PI group, subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration were found 4 weeks after surgery. Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB and TNF-ɑ were significantly increased 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery in the PI group. In addition, the markers of cartilage degeneration MMP-13 and collagen X were more highly expressed in the PI group compared with the control group at different time points after surgery. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that early patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration can be caused by PI in growing rats, accompanied by significant subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration. In addition, the degeneration of articular cartilage may be associated with the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and can deteriorate with time as a result of PI.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Trauma-induced Osteoarthritis by Repetitive Intra-articular Administration of Peripheral Blood Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Lin ◽  
Zhengmeng Yang ◽  
Liu Shi ◽  
Haixing Wang ◽  
Qi Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Sham Surgery

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral bone hardening, and inflammation of the whole synovial joint. There is no pharmacological treatment in slowing down OA progression, leading to costly surgical interventions eventually. Cell therapy using chondrocytes or progenitor cells from different sources has been reported in clinical trials for OA management with some success, but outcomes are varied. Peripheral blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) are promising cells owing to their easy collection, superior migration, and differentiation potentials. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of intra-articular administration of PB-MSCs on the progression of OA in mice.Methods: C57BL/6J mice (8-10 weeks old male) were subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus surgeries (DMM) on their right joints following protocols as previously reported. The mice after DMM were randomly treated with saline (vehicle control), PB-MSCs, or adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) (n = 7 per group). The mice treated with sham surgery were regarded as sham controls (n = 7). PB-MSCs and AD-MSCs were harvested and cultured according to previous published protocols, and pre-labeled with BrdU for 48 h before use. PB-MSCs or AD-MSCs (5 × 105 cells/mouse; passage 3~5) were injected into the right knee joints thrice post-surgery (except sham surgery group). The mice were euthanized at 8 weeks post-surgery and knee joint samples were collected for micro-CT and histological examinations.Results: PB-MSCs administration significantly reduced hardening of subchondral bone comparing to vehicle controls. Safranin O staining showed that PB-MSCs treatment ameliorated degeneration of articular cartilage, which is comparable to AD-MSCs treatment. The expression of catabolic marker MMP13 was significantly reduced in articular cartilage of PB-MSCs-treated groups comparing to vehicle controls. Co-expression of BrdU and Sox9 were detected, indicating injected PB-MSCs differentiated towards chondrocytes in situ. Reduced level of IL-6 in the peripheral sera of PB-MSCs- and AD-MSCs-treated mice was also determined. Conclusions: Repetitive administration of PB-MSCs or AD-MSCs halted OA progression through inhibiting cartilage degradation and inflammation. PB-MSCs may become a promising cell source for cartilage tissue repair and alleviation of OA progression.

scholarly journals Noggin Inhibits IL-1β and BMP-2 Expression, and Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration and Subchondral Bone Destruction in Experimental Osteoarthritis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szu-Yu Chien ◽  
Chun-Hao Tsai ◽  
Shan-Chi Liu ◽  
Chien-Chung Huang ◽  
Tzu-Hung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Joint Disease

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive joint disease that results in cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is abundantly expressed in OA and plays a crucial role in cartilage remodeling, although its role in the activity of chondrocytes in cartilage and subchondral remodeling remains unclear. In this study, stimulating chondrogenic ATDC5 cells with IL-1β increased the levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), promoted articular cartilage degradation, and enhanced structural remodeling. Immunohistochemistry staining and microcomputed tomography imaging of the subchondral trabecular bone region in the experimental OA rat model revealed that the OA disease promotes levels of IL-1β, BMP-2, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression in the articular cartilage and enhances subchondral bone remodeling. The intra-articular injection of Noggin protein (a BMP-2 inhibitor) attenuated subchondral bone remodeling and disease progression in OA rats. We also found that IL-1β increased BMP-2 expression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) signaling pathways. We conclude that IL-1β promotes BMP-2 expression in chondrocytes via the MEK/ERK/Sp1 signaling pathways. The administration of Noggin protein reduces the expression of IL-1β and BMP-2, which prevents cartilage degeneration and OA development.

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs in subchondral bone osteoclast function and their therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Duan ◽  
Yujie Liang ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Jifeng Wang ◽  
Xingfu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Osteoclast Function

AbstractOsteoclasts are the only cells that perform bone resorption. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial epigenetic regulators of osteoclast biological behaviors ranging from osteoclast differentiation to bone resorption. The main ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, compose an intricate network that influences gene transcription processes related to osteoclast biological activity. Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal osteoclast activity leads to the disturbance of subchondral bone remodeling, thus initiating osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disease characterized mainly by cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling imbalance. In this review, we delineate three types of ncRNAs and discuss their related complex molecular signaling pathways associated with osteoclast function during bone resorption. We specifically focused on the involvement of noncoding RNAs in subchondral bone remodeling, which participate in the degradation of the osteochondral unit during OA progression. We also discussed exosomes as ncRNA carriers during the bone remodeling process. A better understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological behaviors will contribute to the treatment of bone resorption-related skeletal diseases such as OA.

Subchondral bone loss following orthodontically induced cartilage degradation in the mandibular condyles of rats

Bone ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jiao ◽  
Li-Na Niu ◽  
Mei-Qing Wang ◽  
Juan Dai ◽  
Shi-Bin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cartilage Degradation

scholarly journals Protease-activated receptor 2: a novel pathogenic pathway in a murine model of osteoarthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2051-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R Ferrell ◽  
Elizabeth B Kelso ◽  
John C Lockhart ◽  
Robin Plevin ◽  
Iain B McInnes
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cartilage Erosion ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2 ◽  
Deficient Mice

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis is a global clinical challenge for which no effective disease-modifying agents currently exist. This study identified protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) as a novel pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis.MethodsExperimental osteoarthritis was induced in wild-type and PAR-2-deficient mice by sectioning the medial meniscotibial ligament (MMTL), leading to the development of a mild arthropathy. Cartilage degradation and increased subchondral bone formation were assessed as indicators of osteoarthritis pathology.ResultsFour weeks following MMTL section, cartilage erosion and increased subchondral bone formation was evident in wild-type mice but was substantially reduced in PAR-2-deficient mice. Crucially, the therapeutic inhibition of PAR-2 in wild-type mice, using either a PAR-2 antagonist or a monoclonal antibody targeting the protease cleavage site of PAR-2, was also equally effective at reducing osteoarthritis progression in vivo. PAR-2 was upregulated in chondrocytes of wild-type but not sham-operated mice. Wild-type mice showed further joint degradation 8 weeks after the induction of osteoarthritis, but PAR-2-deficient mice were still protected.ConclusionsThe substantial protection from pathology afforded by PAR-2 deficiency following the induction of osteoarthritis provides proof of concept that PAR-2 plays a key role in osteoarthritis and suggests this receptor as a potential therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Subchondral Bone Microarchitectural and Mineral Properties and Expression of Key Degradative Proteinases by Chondrocytes in Human Hip Osteoarthritis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Yunfei Li ◽  
Yulia Liem ◽  
Zaitunnatakhin Zamli ◽  
Niall Sullivan ◽  
Enrico Dall’Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Femoral Heads ◽  
Subchondral Plate ◽  
Degradative Enzymes ◽  
Advanced Stages

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of key degradative enzymes by chondrocytes and the microarchitectural and mineral properties of subchondral bone across different stages of cartilage degradation in human hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Osteochondral samples at different stages of cartilage degradation were collected from 16 femoral heads with OA. Osteochondral samples with normal cartilage were collected from seven femoral heads with osteoporosis. Microcomputed tomography was used for the investigation of subchondral bone microarchitecture and mineral densities. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression and distribution of MMP13 and ADAMTS4 in cartilage. Results: The microarchitecture and mineral properties of the subchondral plate and trabecular bone in OA varied with the severity of the degradation of the overlying cartilage. Chondrocytes expressing MMP13 and ADAMTS4 are mainly located in the upper zone(s) of cartilage regardless of the histopathological grades. The zonal expression of these enzymes in OA (i.e., the percentage of positive cells in the superficial, middle, and deep zones), rather than their overall expression (the percentage of positive cells in the full thickness of the cartilage), exhibited significant variation in relation to the severity of cartilage degradation. The associations between the subchondral bone properties and zonal and overall expression of these enzymes in the cartilage were generally weak or nonsignificant. Conclusions: Phenotypic changes in chondrocytes and remodelling of subchondral bone proceed at different rates throughout the process of cartilage degradation. Biological influences are more important for cartilage degradation at early stages, while biomechanical damage to the compromised tissue may outrun the phenotypic change of chondrocytes and is critical in the advanced stages.

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