Biquaternion division algebras and fourth power-central elements

This chapter proves that Bruhat-Tits buildings exist. It begins with a few definitions and simple observations about quadratic forms, including a 1-fold Pfister form, followed by a discussion of the existence part of the Structure Theorem for complete discretely valued fields due to H. Hasse and F. K. Schmidt. It then considers the generic unramified cases; the generic semi-ramified cases, the generic ramified cases, the wild unramified cases, the wild semi-ramified cases, and the wild ramified cases. These cases range from a unique unramified quadratic space to an unramified separable quadratic extension, a tamely ramified division algebra, a ramified separable quadratic extension, and a unique unramified quaternion division algebra. The chapter also describes ramified quaternion division algebras D₁, D₂, and D₃ over K containing a common subfield E such that E/K is a ramified separable extension.

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Solidaritas Sebagai Norma Dasar Dalam Etika Paulus

DISKURSUS - JURNAL FILSAFAT DAN TEOLOGI STF DRIYARKARA ◽

10.36383/diskursus.v11i1.159 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 79-100

Author(s):

Martin Harun

Keyword(s):

Community Building ◽

Lord's Supper ◽

Body Of Christ ◽

The Poor ◽

Central Elements ◽

The New Testament ◽

Unity In Diversity ◽

The One ◽

The Church ◽

Different Parts

Abstract: Solidarity, a modern word and concept, has old roots in the concept of koinonia (fellowship) as it is understood in the New Testament. David G. Horrell even maintains that what we now call solidarity, functions as a meta norm in Paul’s ethics, since phenomena of solidarity are clearly present in the central elements of Paul’s community building. Reference is made to the two basic rituals, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper, which build unity in diversity; to the most frequently used form of address, adelphoi/brothers, which asks for familial treatment of one another; also to the special way in which Paul often tries to restore unity in the middle of conflicts; and especially to his metaphor of the Church as the one body of Christ with many different parts that need and support one another. When speaking about the collections as a sign of the Greek community’s solidarity with the poor community in Jerusalem, Paul refers to Christ’s solidarity as the source of solidarity within and among communities. Keywords: Solidarity, fellowship, David Horrell, Paul, Ethics, baptism, the Lord’s Supper, brothers, Body of Christ, Christ’s solidarity. Abstrak: Solidaritas, sebuah kata dan paham modern, memiliki akar yang lama, antara lain dalam paham koinonia (persekutuan), sebagaimana digunakan dalam Alkitab Perjanjian Baru. David G. Horrell mempertahankan bahwa apa yang sekarang kita sebut solidaritas, merupakan norma dasar (meta norm) dalam etika Paulus, sebab fenomen-fenomen solidaritas tampak dalam unsur-unsur sentral pembinaan jemaatnya, antara lain dalam kedua ritual paling dasar, baptisan dan perjamuan Tuhan, yang membina kesatuan dalam perbedaan. Solidaritas juga muncul dalam sebutan paling frekuen, saudara-saudara (adelphoi), yang menuntut suatu etos kekeluargaan. Solidaritas juga tampak dalam banyak seruan Paulus untuk memulihkan kesatuan apabila ia berhadapan dengan perpecahan, dan teristimewa dalam menggambarkan jemaat sebagai satu tubuh Kristus dengan banyak anggota yang berbeda dan saling membutuhkan serta memberi. Dalam konteks kolekte-kolekte sebagai tanda solidaritas antarjemaat, Paulus secara eksplisit menunjuk kepada solidaritas Kristus dengan kita sebagai dasar terdalam dari solidaritas antarumat. Kata-kata kunci: Solidaritas, persekutuan, David Horrell, Paulus, etika, baptisan, Perjamuan Tuhan, saudara-saudara, Tubuh Kristus, solidaritas Kristus.

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Molecular pathways of Interferon–Stimulated Gene 15: Implications in cancer

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721999201208200747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Angeles C. Tecalco–Cruz

Keyword(s):

Posttranslational Modification ◽

Human Interferon ◽

Molecular Pathways ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Small Protein ◽

Target Proteins ◽

Central Elements ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Interferon Stimulated Gene 15

Abstract:: Human interferon–stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15–kDa ubiquitin–like protein that can be detected as either free ISG15 or covalently associated with its target proteins through a process termed ISGylation. Interestingly, extracellular free ISG15 has been proposed as a cytokine–like protein, whereas ISGylation is a posttranslational modification. ISG15 is a small protein with implications in some biological processes and pathologies that include cancer. This review highlights the findings of both free ISG15 and protein ISGylation involved in several molecular pathways, emerging as central elements in some cancer types.

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Dialogue as Generative Form of Positioning

10.1093/oso/9780190687793.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hubert J. M Hermans

Keyword(s):

Learning Process ◽

Main Part ◽

Mikhail Bakhtin ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

The Self ◽

David Bohm ◽

Self Talk ◽

Central Elements

For the development of a democratic self, dialogical relationships between different people and between different positions in the self are paramount. After a review of studies on self-talk, the main part of this chapter is devoted to a comparison of the works of two classic thinkers on dialogue, Mikhail Bakhtin and David Bohm. A third theoretical perspective is depicted in which central elements of the two theorists are combined. This perspective centers around the concept of “generative dialogue” that, as a learning process, has the potential of innovation in the form of new and common meanings without total unification of the different positions. Elaborating on central features of generative dialogue, a distinction is made between consonant and dissonant dialogue, the latter of which is inevitable in a time of globalization and localization in which people are increasingly interdependent and, at the same time, faced with their apparent differences.

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Influence of Ambient Temperature on Radiative and Convective Heat Dissipation Ratio in Polymer Heat Sinks

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2286

Author(s):

Jan Kominek ◽

Martin Zachar ◽

Michal Guzej ◽

Erik Bartuli ◽

Petr Kotrbacek

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Convective Heat ◽

Heat Dissipation ◽

High Surface ◽

Heat Sinks ◽

Fourth Power ◽

Molding Process ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

University Of Technology

Miniaturization of electronic devices leads to new heat dissipation challenges and traditional cooling methods need to be replaced by new better ones. Polymer heat sinks may, thanks to their unique properties, replace standardly used heat sink materials in certain applications, especially in applications with high ambient temperature. Polymers natively dispose of high surface emissivity in comparison with glossy metals. This high emissivity allows a larger amount of heat to be dissipated to the ambient with the fourth power of its absolute surface temperature. This paper shows the change in radiative and convective heat transfer from polymer heat sinks used in different ambient temperatures. Furthermore, the observed polymer heat sinks have differently oriented graphite filler caused by their molding process differences, therefore their thermal conductivity anisotropies and overall cooling efficiencies also differ. Furthermore, it is also shown that a high radiative heat transfer leads to minimizing these cooling efficiency differences between these polymer heat sinks of the same geometry. The measurements were conducted at HEATLAB, Brno University of Technology.

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Building the monarchy of the Father

Religious Studies ◽

10.1017/s0034412521000020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Joshua R. Sijuwade

Keyword(s):

Central Elements

Abstract This article aims to provide an explication of the doctrine of the monarchy of the Father. A precisification of the doctrine is made within the building-fundamentality framework provided by Karen Bennett, which enables a further clarification of the central elements of the doctrine to be made and an important objection against it to be answered.

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Trace dynamics and division algebras: towards quantum gravity and unification

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-2020-0255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Tejinder P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Lie Group ◽

Planck Scale ◽

The Self ◽

Division Algebras ◽

Quantum Field ◽

Octonion Algebra ◽

Gauge Transformations ◽

Yang Mills ◽

Massless Spin ◽

Correct Understanding

AbstractWe have recently proposed a Lagrangian in trace dynamics at the Planck scale, for unification of gravitation, Yang–Mills fields, and fermions. Dynamical variables are described by odd-grade (fermionic) and even-grade (bosonic) Grassmann matrices. Evolution takes place in Connes time. At energies much lower than Planck scale, trace dynamics reduces to quantum field theory. In the present paper, we explain that the correct understanding of spin requires us to formulate the theory in 8-D octonionic space. The automorphisms of the octonion algebra, which belong to the smallest exceptional Lie group G2, replace space-time diffeomorphisms and internal gauge transformations, bringing them under a common unified fold. Building on earlier work by other researchers on division algebras, we propose the Lorentz-weak unification at the Planck scale, the symmetry group being the stabiliser group of the quaternions inside the octonions. This is one of the two maximal sub-groups of G2, the other one being SU(3), the element preserver group of octonions. This latter group, coupled with U(1)em, describes the electrocolour symmetry, as shown earlier by Furey. We predict a new massless spin one boson (the ‘Lorentz’ boson) which should be looked for in experiments. Our Lagrangian correctly describes three fermion generations, through three copies of the group G2, embedded in the exceptional Lie group F4. This is the unification group for the four fundamental interactions, and it also happens to be the automorphism group of the exceptional Jordan algebra. Gravitation is shown to be an emergent classical phenomenon. Although at the Planck scale, there is present a quantised version of the Lorentz symmetry, mediated by the Lorentz boson, we argue that at sub-Planck scales, the self-adjoint part of the octonionic trace dynamics bears a relationship with string theory in 11 dimensions.

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