Stability and change of basic personal values in early adulthood: An 8-year longitudinal study

AbstractContext:Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with high risk of developing dyslipidemia and type II diabetes in adults.Objective:This study aimed to examine whether serum amino acid profiles associate with triglyceride concentrations during pubertal growth and predict hypertriglyceridemia in early adulthood.Design:This was a 7.5-year longitudinal study.Setting:The study was conducted at the Health Science Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä.Participants:A total of 396 nondiabetic Finnish girls aged 11.2 ± 0.8 years at the baseline participated in the study.Main Outcome Measures:Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and triglyceride by enzymatic photometric methods; and amino acids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results:Serum leucine and isoleucine correlated significantly with future triglyceride, independent of baseline triglyceride level (P < .05 for all). In early adulthood (at the age of 18 years), these amino acids were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, whereas fat mass and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not. Leucine was the strongest determinant discriminating subjects with hypertriglyceridemia from those with normal triglyceride level (area under the curve, 0.822; 95% confidence interval, 0.740–0.903; P = .000001).Conclusions:Serum leucine and isoleucine were associated with future serum triglyceride levels in girls during pubertal growth and predicted hypertriglyceridemia in early adulthood. Therefore, these amino acid indices may serve as biomarkers to identify individuals at high risk for developing hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease later in life. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role these amino acids play in the lipid metabolism.

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Personal Values Across Cultures

Annual Review of Psychology ◽

10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lilach Sagiv ◽

Shalom H. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Personal Values ◽

Well Being ◽

Annual Review ◽

Publication Date ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Value Differences ◽

Many Instruments ◽

Value Priorities ◽

The Many ◽

Basic Personal Values

Values play an outsized role in the visions, critiques, and discussions of politics, religion, education, and family life. Despite all the attention values receive in everyday discourse, their systematic study took hold in mainstream psychology only in the 1990s. This review discusses the nature of values and presents the main contemporary value theories, focusing on the theory of basic personal values. We review evidence for the content and the structure of conflict and compatibility among values found across cultures. We discuss the assumptions underlying the many instruments developed to measure values. We then consider the origins of value priorities and their stability or change over time. The remainder of the review presents the evidence for the ways personal values relate to personality traits, subjective well-being, and the implications of value differences for religiosity, prejudice, pro- and antisocial behavior, political and environmental behavior, and creativity, concluding with a discussion of mechanisms that link values to behavior. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Predicting Persistent, Limited, and Delayed Problematic Cannabis Use in Early Adulthood: Findings From a Longitudinal Study

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 966-974.e4 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sherika Hill ◽

Lilly Shanahan ◽

E. Jane Costello ◽

William Copeland

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Cannabis Use

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Significance of Extreme Temperament in Infancy for Clinical Status in Preschool Years

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.154.4.544 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 154 (4) ◽

pp. 544-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michel Maziade ◽

Jacques Thivierge ◽

Robert Côté ◽

Pierrette Boutin ◽

Hugues Bernier

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Positive Change ◽

Stability And Change ◽

Cognitive Characteristics ◽

One Year ◽

Long Term Prediction

Few, if any, of children's behavioural or cognitive characteristics assessed in the first years of life demonstrate stability until later childhood; early characteristics have so far failed to show an association with future psychopathology. This longitudinal study, from 4–8 months to 4.7 years old, focused on stability and change of extreme temperamental traits in groups of infants subselected from a large birth cohort. Persistent extreme temperament at four and eight months old did not increase stability of temperament to four years of age, relative to other children in the whole population. Sizeable change occurred, and the environmental parameters associated with negative temperamental change did not seem to be the same as those related to positive change. Boys with extreme scores were more stable, while girls appeared more prone to positive change. It is hypothesised that the direction of temperamental change in the first years could be more meaningful for long-term prediction of disorders than any one assessment of temperament taken at any one year.

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