Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not alter biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in soldiers

A significant number of adolescent athletes throughout the world participate in various throwing-dominant sports, including but not limited to baseball, cricket, handball, softball, track and field throwing events, and water polo. Due to the unique stresses placed on the throwing arm and entire body in these sports, a robust volume of literature has highlighted concerns about sport specialization in these athletes and an associated increased risk of injury, particularly to the dominant shoulder and elbow, with sport specialization. This review will highlight the evidence-based literature for this athletic niche, focusing on risk factors for injury, national and international organizations' recommendations for limiting overuse injuries, principles of conditioning and rehabilitative programs, and potential future areas of research to curb the growing incidence of throwing-related injuries among adolescent throwing athletes.

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Injuries and illnesses among competitive Norwegian rhythmic gymnasts during preseason: a prospective cohort study of prevalence, incidence and risk factors

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2020-102315 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjsports-2020-102315

Author(s):

Marte Charlotte Dobbertin Gram ◽

Benjamin Clarsen ◽

Kari Bø

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Self Report ◽

Acute Injury ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Early Age ◽

Trauma Research ◽

Lower Back ◽

Acute Injuries ◽

Rhythmic Gymnasts

ObjectivesRhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport that demands high training volume from early age. We investigated the extent of, and risk factors for, injuries among competitive Norwegian rhythmic gymnasts.MethodsOne hundred and seven of 133 (80.5%) female rhythmic gymnasts (mean age: 14.5 years (SD 1.6), mean body mass index: 18.9 (SD 2.2)) participated. All gymnasts completed a baseline questionnaire and the ‘Triad-Specific Self-Report Questionnaire’. Injuries, illnesses and training hours were recorded prospectively for 15 weeks during preseason using the ‘Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems’ (OSTRC-H2).ResultsResponse rate to OSTRC-H2 was 97%. Mean overuse and acute injury prevalence were 37% (95% CI: 36% to 39%) and 5% (95% CI: 4% to 6%), respectively. Incidence was 4.2 overuse injuries (95% CI: 3.6 to 4.9) and 1.0 acute injuries (95% CI: 0.5 to 1.6) per gymnast per year. Overuse injuries in knees, lower back and hip/groin represented the greatest burdens. Previous injury increased the odds of injury (OR 30.38, (95% CI: 5.04 to 183.25)), while increased age (OR 0.61 per year, (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.97)) and presence of menarche (OR: 0.20, (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.71)) reduced the odds of all injuries and substantial injuries, respectively.ConclusionsOveruse injuries were common among Norwegian rhythmic gymnasts. Younger gymnasts had higher all-injury risk. Gymnasts who were not menstruating had higher substantial injury risk. Injury prevention interventions should start at an early age and focus on preventing knee, lower back and hip/groin injuries.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS FOR OVERUSE INJURIES IN ELITE ATHLETICS: A COHORT STUDY IN SWEDISH YOUTH AND ADULT ATHLETES

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.284 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 666.2-666

Author(s):

T Timpka ◽

J Jacobsson ◽

Ö Dahlström ◽

J Kowalski ◽

V Bargoria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Psychological Risk Factors ◽

Psychological Risk ◽

Elite Athletics

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OVERUSE INJURIES IN LONG DISTANCE RUNNING - A LITERATURE REVIEW ON RISK FACTORS

10.36106/ijar/8511135 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

G Vijayan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Distance Running ◽

Long Distance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Recreational Athletes ◽

Long Distance Running ◽

History Of ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

INTRODUCTION: In the past three decades, the incidence of running-related overuse injuries has signicantly increased because of the increasing number of recreational athletes and higher training intensity in competitive athletes. Long distance running has gained popularity in recent years, but between 19.4 and 79.3% of runners sustain a running related injury every year. Various risk factors contribute to the occurrence of this issue and shoe modications are thought to be an efcient tool in managing runningrelated over use injuries. The aim of this study was to collect and review information about the risks factors of overuse injuries long distance running. METHODOLOGY:Asystematic search of the electronic database of PUBMED, Bireme and PEDro which were selected that addressed clinical trials, control cases, prospective and cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: The search yielded 246 references. A predened inclusion criteria (case studies, clinical trials, prospective studies, cross sectional studies that addressed adult runners either amateur or professional) was used and 51 articles remained. 18 citations were excluded and 20 articles were after reading the abstract and full text. Therefore 13 studies that met the criteria for analysis were included. CONCLUSION:The overuse injuries are very much prevalent in long distance runners and the ethology is multifactorial. The distance, terrain, weekly sessions and history of previous injuries are the risk factors that inuence the occurrence of these injuries.

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Running related biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in distance runners: A systematic review considering injury specificity and the potentials for future research

10.1101/2021.07.23.21261034 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steffen Willwacher ◽

Markus Kurz ◽

Johanna Robbin ◽

Matthias Thelen ◽

Joseph Hamill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Retrospective Studies ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Future Research ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Starting Point ◽

Data Collections

Objective To identify and evaluate the evidence of the most relevant running-related risk factors (RRRFs) for running-related overuse injuries (ROIs) and to suggest future research directions. Design Systematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236832) Data sources Pubmed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021. Eligibility criteria English language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic RRRF. An RRRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two retrospective studies. Results Sixty-two articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some RRRFs appeared for several ROIs, most RRRFs were specific for a particular ROI. The biomechanical measurements performed in many studies would have allowed for consideration of many more RRRFs than have been reported, highlighting a potential for more effective data usage in the future. Conclusion This study offers a comprehensive overview of RRRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. Future work should use macroscopic (big data) approaches involving long-term data collections in the real world and microscopic approaches involving precise stress calculations using recent developments in biomechanical modelling. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.

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Psychosocial Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Competitive Athletes: A Mixed-Studies Systematic Review

Sports Medicine ◽

10.1007/s40279-021-01597-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ulrika Tranaeus ◽

Simon Martin ◽

Andreas Ivarsson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Overuse Injury ◽

Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Psychosocial Risk ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Competitive Athletes

Abstract Background While the psychosocial risk factors for traumatic injuries have been comprehensively investigated, less is known about psychosocial factors predisposing athletes to overuse injuries. Objective The aim of this review was to systematically identify studies and synthesise data that examined psychosocial risk factors for overuse injuries in athletes. Design Systematic review. Data Sources MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, supplemented by hand searching of journals and reference lists. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies Quantitative and qualitative studies involving competitive athletes, published prior to July 2021, and reporting the relationship between psychosocial variables and overuse injury as an outcome were reviewed. This was limited to academic peer-reviewed journals in Swedish, English, German, Spanish and French. An assessment of the risk of bias was performed using modified versions of the RoBANS and SBU Quality Assessment Scale for Qualitative Studies. Results Nine quantitative and five qualitative studies evaluating 1061 athletes and 27 psychosocial factors were included for review. Intra-personal factors, inter-personal factors and sociocultural factors were found to be related to the risk of overuse injury when synthesised and reported according to a narrative synthesis approach. Importantly, these psychosocial factors, and the potential mechanisms describing how they might contribute to overuse injury development, appeared to be different compared with those already known for traumatic injuries. Conclusions There is preliminary evidence that overuse injuries are likely to partially result from complex interactions between psychosocial factors. Coaches and supporting staff are encouraged to acknowledge the similarities and differences between traumatic and overuse injury aetiology.

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Impaired Core Stability as a Risk Factor for the Development of Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries: A Prospective Cohort Study

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546519837724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1713-1721 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cedric De Blaiser ◽

Roel De Ridder ◽

Tine Willems ◽

Luc Vanden Bossche ◽

Lieven Danneels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Postural Control ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Core Stability ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Muscle Endurance ◽

Functional Movement

Background: Core stability has been suggested to influence lower extremity functioning and might contribute to the development of lower extremity overuse injuries. However, prospective studies to investigate this relationship are limited. Purpose: To research the role of different components of core stability as risk factors for the development of lower extremity overuse injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 142 first-year physical education students participated in this study. They were tested in 2015 and were prospectively followed for 1.5 years by means of a multilevel injury registration method. Three participants were excluded owing to physical complaints during testing. As such, 139 participants were included in the statistical analysis. At baseline, dynamic postural control, isometric core and hip muscle strength, core muscle endurance, core neuromuscular control and proprioception, and functional movement were measured for all participants. Competing risk regression analyses were performed to identify significant contributors to the development of lower extremity overuse injuries. Results: During the follow-up period, 34 (24%) of the 139 participants developed a lower extremity overuse injury. Significant predictive effects for an overuse injury were found for an increased side-by-side difference in dynamic postural control ( P = .038), decreased isometric hip extension:flexion strength ratio ( P = .046), and decreased abdominal core muscle endurance ( P = .032). Conclusion: This study identified measures for dynamic postural control, core muscle strength, and core muscle endurance as significant risk factors for the development of overuse injuries after statistical model building. However, core neuromuscular control and proprioception and functional movement might not allow clinicians to identify patients at risk. These accessible, reliable screening tools could be used in clinical practice with regard to screening and injury prevention for overuse injuries. Injury prediction based on this model needs to be done with caution given the low relative predictive accuracy (53%).

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Common Overuse Injuries in Runners and Injury Risk Factors

The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running ◽

10.4324/9781003088912-4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-46

Author(s):

Christopher A. Bramah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Injury Risk Factors

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Epidemiology of annual musculoskeletal injuries among male cricket players in India

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i03.023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 590-593

Author(s):

Manasa Raghavendra Rao ◽

Thaiyar Madabusi Srinivasan ◽

Ravi Kumar Itagi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Early Detection ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Spine Injuries ◽

Age Range ◽

Prompt Attention ◽

Male Cricket

Background: Injury surveillance and prevention are as significant as early detection and treatment. This study describes injuries and risk factors involved so that preventive measures can be identified. Aim: To examine the epidemiology of the annual musculoskeletal injuries among injured male cricket players. Method: This study assessed 319 male cricket players, across five State Cricket Associations from January 2017 to January 2018. Results: With an annual injury prevalence of 10.97%, prominent anatomical sites of injury were shoulder (22.85%), lumbar spine (17.14%) and knee (11.42%). Medium pacers sustained 25.71% of the injuries. Age range of 18-24 years had a prominent 37.14% of overuse injuries of which 71.42% were lumbar spine injuries. Lumbar spine injuries resulted in a distinct loss of play days (34.64%). Bowling injuries with 49.5% of loss of play days was most predisposed. Report suggests an upswing in rate of injuries in December (20%). Four surgeries were reported (11.42%). Conclusion: Overuse injuries among young cricket players need prompt attention. Shoulder, lumbar spine and knee are principal anatomical regions that are prone to injuries.

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Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738117690847 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 139-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Amanda Arnold ◽

Charles A. Thigpen ◽

Paul F. Beattie ◽

Michael J. Kissenberth ◽

Ellen Shanley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Original Research ◽

Training Volume ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Accelerated Growth

Context: Despite rising awareness of the risks associated with sports participation, overuse injuries continue to increase in youth athlete populations. Physeal injuries are one type of overuse injury exclusive to pediatric populations that are often sustained during athletic practice or competition. Overuse physeal injuries are, in theory, preventable; however, little consensus has been reached surrounding the risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies. Objective: This systematic review summarizes the best available evidence concerning overuse physeal injuries in youth and adolescent athletes. It can be used to develop prevention and treatment programs specific to this population. Data Sources: PubMed and Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost) were explored using the keyword physeal injuries from January 1950 through May 2015 to identify 24 studies. Study Selection: Original research studies of athletic populations with mechanisms of injury related to sport were chosen. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted as available from 24 eligible studies. Study quality was rated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines. Results: Risk factors for injury include periods of accelerated growth, chronological age, body size, training volume, and previous injury. Injury prevention strategies currently emphasize participation limitations and sport-specific training programs in skeletally immature athletes. The most effective treatment after an overuse physeal injury was an extended period of active rest and joint immobilization when necessary. Conclusion: Overuse physeal injuries are multifactorial in nature. Muscular imbalances after accelerated growth periods predispose young athletes to overuse injuries. Modifiable risk factors such as flexibility, strength, and training volume should be regularly monitored to prevent these injuries.

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