scholarly journals Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Zaremski ◽  
Giorgio Zeppieri ◽  
Brady L. Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

A significant number of adolescent athletes throughout the world participate in various throwing-dominant sports, including but not limited to baseball, cricket, handball, softball, track and field throwing events, and water polo. Due to the unique stresses placed on the throwing arm and entire body in these sports, a robust volume of literature has highlighted concerns about sport specialization in these athletes and an associated increased risk of injury, particularly to the dominant shoulder and elbow, with sport specialization. This review will highlight the evidence-based literature for this athletic niche, focusing on risk factors for injury, national and international organizations' recommendations for limiting overuse injuries, principles of conditioning and rehabilitative programs, and potential future areas of research to curb the growing incidence of throwing-related injuries among adolescent throwing athletes.

Bone

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Saxon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk

Sports participation has numerous positive health benefits; however, it is also associated with an increased risk of injury. While bone injuries in sport are less frequent than ligament tears, contusions, or surface wounds, they can be debilitating for an athlete because of the time needed for recovery. In this chapter I describe the incidence and cost of bone injuries in sport, fundamentals of bone biology and repair, risk factors associated with fractures, stress fractures, and periostitis, and review both current and possible future recommendations for the treatment of bone-related injuries....

scholarly journals Toward the World Code Against Cancer

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Espina ◽  
Rolando Herrero ◽  
Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Etienne Krug ◽  
Christopher P. Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
European Code ◽  
Multiple Media ◽  
European Cancer

Overwhelmed by an abundance of often confusing, ambiguous, or apparently contradictory messages on disease prevention in today’s multiple media streams, the general public would surely value authoritative, clear, and evidence-based instructions on how to actively contribute to the reduction of their cancer risk. The European Code Against Cancer is a set of 12 recommendations for individuals on how to reduce cancer risk. The Code carries the authority and reliability of expert scientists working under the coordination of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the cancer research agency of the WHO. The Code’s messages are aimed at individuals and have been enthusiastically promoted by European cancer associations. The experience of developing and promoting the European Code has generated interest in developing analogous recommendations for other regions of the world. Under the overall umbrella of a World Code Against Cancer using the same International Agency for Research on Cancer methodology, regional Codes could be developed, focused on regions sufficiently large and distinct to merit development of versions adapted to regional differences in risk factors and cancer patterns. Consideration of such an adapted model illustrates why a simple translation of the European Code would not be sufficient to promote cancer prevention globally.

Incidence of anogenital warts: epidemiological risk factors and real-life impact of human papillomavirus vaccination

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242095857
Author(s):  
Georgios Tyros ◽  
Styliani Mastraftsi ◽  
Stamatis Gregoriou ◽  
Electra Nicolaidou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Anogenital warts (AGWs) rank among the most frequent sexually transmitted infections in young adults. They are benign lesions, but they pose a significant economic cost to health care systems and a substantial psychological burden on patients, who need evidence-based counselling. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has shown very high protection rates against AGWs in clinical trials and real-world settings but vaccination coverage remains low in many countries. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the risk factors for AGW development and to present the available real-life data on the impact of HPV vaccination on AGW incidence. An increased number of lifetime sexual partners, a new sexual partner in the last 12 months, smoking, and immunosuppression have been associated with increased risk for AGWs. HPV vaccination has led to a dramatic decline in AGW incidence in populations that have achieved high vaccination rates. These conclusions can contribute to primary prevention of AGWs and evidence-based counselling of AGW patients.

scholarly journals Seizure related accidents and injuries in childhood

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3a) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Helena Buffo ◽  
Marilisa M. Guerreiro ◽  
Peter Tai ◽  
Maria Augusta Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Several studies show that the risk of accidents involving patients with epilepsy is much higher compared to the general population. The objective of this study was to identify the frequency and type of seizure related injuries in children diagnosed with epilepsy. In addition we also assessed possible risk factors associated with this seizure related accidents in childhood. This study was conducted at the pediatric epilepsy clinic of Unicamp, from January 2005 to August 2006. We evaluated 100 consecutive children with epilepsy. Parents were interviewed by one of the authors using a structured questionnaire that included questions about seizure related accidents and related injuries. Forty-four patients reported seizure related accidents. Eighteen patients needed medical assistance at an emergency room due the severity of their seizure related accident. Forty patients reported having a seizure related accident prevented by a bystander. Another 14 patients reported avoiding a seizure related accident by luck alone. Contusions and lacerations were the most common type of lesion associated with seizures. Patients with symptomatic/probable symptomatic epilepsy and those using higher numbers of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were at greater risk for seizure related accidents (p<0.05). We conclude that patients with symptomatic/probable symptomatic epilepsy and on multiple AEDs are at increased risk of seizure related accidents. Parents and caretakers should be even more cautious about risk of injury in such patients.

scholarly journals Approaches for Covid-19 infection control in the workplaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Rafeemanesh ◽  
F Rahimpour ◽  
M Memarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Due to the spread of the new coronavirus around the world, workplaces are not safe against this disease. Different guidelines have been proposed by international organizations regarding high-risk jobs and the necessity of implementing health rules in the workplaces. According to the high incidence of this disease in our country, the aim of this review article was to evaluate the epidemiologic studies on prevention and control of new coronavirus in the workplaces. Materials and Methods: In this study, different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2020 and CDC, NIOSH, OSHA, and WHO instructions were evaluated. Eighteen articles and 5 instructions were selected for this review article. Results: Investigations revealed that most of occupations such as healthcare workers, waste workers, and public transportation staff are at increased risk of this disease. Conclusion: All members of the society including employers, employees and laborers should be completely ready to overcome the virus, even if the epidemic has not been spreading in that country or area. This point can be effective on the reduction of lost workdays, work absenteeism and prevent the spread of the virus in the community.

COVID-19 in People with Diabetes: Perspectives from Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evidence Based Programs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes have major impacts on the health of the population across the world. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people with diabetes have been identified to be more vulnerable to infection and greater risk for hospitalization. As diabetes is one of the major health issues in Saudi Arabia, the current study describes the perspectives of COVID-19 in people with diabetes and the steps taken by the government to minimize the impact of it. Most patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, experience mild illness, while people with diabetes are at increased risk of disease severity and mortality. The government of Saudi Arabia has taken several measures to control and mitigate the effect of the pandemic, as Saudi population gradually returning back to normal life. However, currently there are limited studies from Saudi Arabia on COVID-19 among people with diabetes and the effectiveness of interventions. We emphasize the necessity for comprehensive research, which would provide a better understanding of the incidence of COVID-19 and its association with diabetes to develop evidence-based programs and policies in the country.

Risk Factors for Injury in Subelite Rugby League Players

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Nathan Domrow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subsequent Injury

Background Although player fatigue and playing intensity have been suggested to contribute to injuries in rugby league players, no study has confirmed if the level of physical fitness is a risk factor for injury in rugby league players. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for injury in subelite rugby league players. Hypothesis Low physical fitness levels are risk factors for injury in subelite rugby league players. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods One hundred fifty-three players from a subelite rugby league club underwent preseason measurements of muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10- and 40-m sprint), and maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test) over 4 competitive seasons. All injuries sustained by players were prospectively recorded over the 4 competitive seasons. Results The risk of injury was greater in players with low 10- and 40-m speed. Players with a low maximal aerobic power had a greater risk of sustaining a contact injury. In addition, players who completed less than 18 weeks of training before sustaining their initial injuries were at greater risk of sustaining a subsequent injury. Conclusions Subelite rugby league players with low speed and maximal aerobic power are at an increased risk of injury. In addition, players who complete less than 18 weeks of training before sustaining an initial injury are at greater risk of sustaining a subsequent injury. These findings highlight the importance of speed and endurance training to reduce the incidence of injury in subelite rugby league players.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries in Female Youth Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596711773396 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. O’Kane ◽  
Moni Neradilek ◽  
Nayak Polissar ◽  
Lori Sabado ◽  
Allan Tencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Soccer Team

Background: Youth soccer injuries are common and of increasing concern, with sport specialization occurring at younger ages. Limited research is available regarding overuse injuries and risk factors in young female athletes. Purpose: To identify the number and rate of overuse injuries in female soccer players (ages 12-15 years), describe the anatomic location and type of injury, and evaluate contributing risk factors. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 351 female youth soccer players, ages 12 to 15 years, from Washington State were evaluated from 2008 to 2012. Players with lower extremity overuse injuries were identified through weekly emails and were interviewed by telephone to obtain data on injury type and body region. We evaluated the association between overuse injuries and preseason risk factors, including joint hypermobility, hip and knee muscle strength, and jump biomechanics, using Poisson regression to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs. Results: The incidence rate for first-time lower extremity overuse injuries was 1.7 per 1000 athlete-exposure hours (AEH; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2), and that for repeat injuries was 3.4 per 1000 AEH (95% CI, 2.1-5.6). Knee injuries accounted for 47% of overuse injuries. Increased valgus was associated with a 3.2-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.52-6.71) for knee injury. A 1–standard deviation (SD) increase in hamstring strength was associated with a 35% decreased risk (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.91) for overuse knee injuries, and a 1-SD increase in quadriceps strength was associated with a 30% decreased risk (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98). A 1-SD increase in hip flexor strength was associated with a 28% decreased risk (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51-1.00) for overuse knee injuries, and a 1-SD increase in external rotation strength was associated with a 35% decreased risk (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.91). Playing on more than 1 soccer team was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.08-5.35) for overuse knee injuries, and participating in other physical activities was associated with a 61% decreased risk (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15-0.81). Conclusion: In this study, lower extremity overuse injuries in female youth soccer players affected primarily the knee. Lower knee separation distance, decreased lower extremity strength, and playing on more than 1 soccer team increased injury risk.

scholarly journals Dementia: Risk Factors and Updated Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Nepal ◽  
B Jeffrey ◽  
M Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Health Problem

 With the tremendous rise in the aging population around the world, the prevalence of Major Neurocognitive Disorders is skyrocketing. In the same manner, the burden of the morbidity and mortality associated with the such disorders has been a global health problem. Most of the time, the cause of Major Neurocognitive Disorder is unknown. Our review article is an attempt to summarize the likely modifiable risk factors associated with the disorder. In this manner there could be insight into further confirmatory and exploratory evidence based studies of these factors for early intervention to prevent and delay the progression of full blown disease. Among the modifiable risk factors, the ones that have been discussed here are smoking, activity both physical and cognitive, cardiovascular risk factors, depression, traumatic brain injury and sleep.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, Page: 3-7

Entertainment-Education and Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Sood ◽  
Amy Henderson Riley ◽  
Kristine Cecile Alarcon
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sesame Street ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Entertainment Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Approach

Entertainment-education (EE) began as a communication approach that uses both entertainment and education to engender individual and social change, but is emerging as a distinct theoretical, practice, and evidence-based communication subdiscipline. EE has roots in oral and performing arts traditions spanning thousands of years, such as morality tales, religious storytelling, and the spoken word. Modern-day EE, meanwhile, is produced in both fiction and nonfiction designs that include many formats: local street theater, music, puppetry, games, radio, television, and social media. A classic successful example of EE is the children’s television program Sesame Street, which is broadcast in over 120 countries. EE, however, is a strategy that has been successfully planned, implemented, and evaluated in countries around the world for children and adults alike. EE scholarship has traditionally focused on asking, “Does it work?” but more recent theorizing and research is moving toward understanding how EE works, drawing from multidisciplinary theories. From a research standpoint, such scholarship has increasingly showcased a wide range of methodologies. The result of these transformations is that EE is becoming an area of study, or subdiscipline, backed by an entire body of theory, practice, and evidence. The theoretical underpinnings, practice components, and evidence base from EE may be surveyed via the peer-reviewed literature published over the past 10 years. However, extensive work in social change from EE projects around the world has not all made it into the published literature. EE historically began as a communication approach, one tool in the communication toolbox. Over time, the nascent approach became its own full-fledged strategy focused on individual change. Backed by emerging technologies, innovative examples from around the globe, and new variations in implementation, it becomes clear that the field of EE is emerging into a discrete theoretical, practice, and evidence-based subdiscipline within communication that increasingly recognizes the inherent role of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and policies on improving the conditions needed for lasting social change.

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