Novel Biomarkers and Advanced Imaging Modalities in the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kellogg Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

1820: Complexed PSA for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Multi Institutional Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
Ravery V. Vincent ◽  
Chautard D. Denis ◽  
Arnauld A. Villers ◽  
Laurent Boccon Gibbod
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection

scholarly journals Differentiating Glioblastomas from Solitary Brain Metastases: An Update on the Current Literature of Advanced Imaging Modalities

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Austin-John Fordham ◽  
Caitlin-Craft Hacherl ◽  
Neal Patel ◽  
Keri Jones ◽  
Brandon Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dynamic Susceptibility ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Solitary Brain Metastases

Differentiating between glioblastomas and solitary brain metastases proves to be a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists, as both present with imaging patterns consisting of peritumoral hyperintensities with similar intratumoral texture on traditional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Early diagnosis is paramount, as each pathology has completely different methods of clinical assessment. In the past decade, recent developments in advanced imaging modalities enabled providers to acquire a more accurate diagnosis earlier in the patient’s clinical assessment, thus optimizing clinical outcome. Dynamic susceptibility contrast has been optimized for detecting relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume. Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to detect changes in mean diffusivity. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging is an innovative modality detecting changes in intracellular volume fraction, isotropic volume fraction, and extracellular volume fraction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to assist by providing a metabolic descriptor while detecting variable ratios of choline/N-acetylaspartate, choline/creatine, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine. Finally, radiomics and machine learning algorithms have been devised to assist in improving diagnostic accuracy while often utilizing more than one advanced imaging protocol per patient. In this review, we provide an update on all the current evidence regarding the identification and differentiation of glioblastomas from solitary brain metastases.

Impact of copeptin, miRNA-499 and miRNA-208 as new biomarkers for early detection of acute coronary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S El-Deek ◽  
A.R Meki ◽  
A Hassan ◽  
M Gaber ◽  
O Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Abstract Introduction Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite being the gold standard biomarkers, cTn and CK-MB have a major drawback as they are less sensitive in the first 3 hours of the onset of symptom. So, there is still a need for novel biomarkers, which can reliably rule in or rule out this disease immediately on admission. Aim of the work To evaluate the role of copeptin, miRNA-499 and miRNA-208 as novel biomarkers for early detection of unstable angina (UA) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Patients and Methods: A total of 65 patients presenting within 4 h of onset of chest pain suggestive of ACS were enrolled in the study. They included 23 UA, 42 NSTEMI. Also 25 apparently healthy controls were included. Blood samples (first set within the first 3 hours and second set at 6 hours) were taken for estimation of copeptin by ELISA and miRNA-499 and miRNA-208 expression levels by real time PCR. Results Copeptin, miRNA-499 and miRNA-208 expression levels were significantly increased in UA and NSTEMI patients compared to controls (P<0.001 each). Also these biomarkers were significantly increased in NSTEMT compared to UA (P<0.001 each). They also significantly elevated in UA and NSTEMI patient in the first 3 hours who had negative cardiac troponin (p<0.001 each). ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under curve (AUC) for prediction of ACS was 0.96 for copeptin, 0.97 for miRNA-499 and 0.0.97 for miRNA-208. Interestingly, combining copeptin with miRNA-499 and miRNA-210 significantly improved the diagnostic value by increasing the AUC to 0.98, P<0.001. The sensitivity and specificity within the first 3 hours were 90%, 86% for copeptin, 95%, 94% for miRNA-499 and 93%, 98% for miRNA-208. The sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 86% for cardiac troponin within 6 hours. There was a positive correlation between copeptin and miRNA-499 and miRNA-208 (r=0.75, P<0.001 and r=0.76, P<0.001 respectively) Also, there was a positive correlation between these biomarkers and cTn (r=0.7. P<0.001, r=0.64, P<0.001 and r=0.68, P<0.001 respectively). Conclusions Copeptin, miRNA-499 and miRNA-208 expression might be novel biomarkers as they are associated with UA and NSTEMI presented in the first 3 hours of onset of pain. The combination of copeptin and miRNA with cTn accelerate the diagnosis of ACS and avoiding the gray zone of cTn. Copeptin and miRNAs representing a potential aid in early diagnosis as they have different pathogenesis and site of liberation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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