The Importance of Sensitivity Analysis in Assessing Clinical and Economic Impact of National Immunization Programs: An Example of Slovenia

In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.

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An Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Industry

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.756 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 121-122 ◽

pp. 756-759

Author(s):

Tao Ye

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Job Creation ◽

Input Output ◽

Output Analysis ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Input Output Analysis ◽

The World

The development of photovoltaic industry can produce great socio-economic implications in terms of induced production and job creation. The world photovoltaic market has been growing and will be strongly influenced by photovoltaic costs and available technologies.. The overall cost to implement a facility for module production having a capacity per year that may be regarded as the minimum profitable size for module production in China is considered. An input–output analysis is used for assessing the relative economic impact on production and employment. A sensitivity analysis shows that the results are reasonably robust.

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Economic Impact of Pneumococcal Protein-D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) on the Malaysian National Immunization Programme

Value in Health Regional Issues ◽

10.1016/j.vhri.2014.04.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 146-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Syed Aljunid ◽

Namaitijiang Maimaiti ◽

Zafar Ahmed ◽

Amrizal Muhammad Nur ◽

Zaleha Md Isa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Immunization Programme ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Programme

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ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research ◽

10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i12.2019.472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 35-45

Author(s):

Henry Biose ◽

Adewale Dosunmu ◽

Chijioke Nwaozuzu

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Gas Pipeline ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Economic Impact Analysis ◽

Pipeline Project ◽

Tax Holiday

The paper presents the economic benefits of the long term development of gas pipeline infrastructure in Nigeria. The study reviewed related literature and modeled a sensitivity analysis of the tax rate with tax holiday, without tax holiday and economic impact analysis. The sensitivity analysis of tax rate with tax holiday and without tax holiday was also evaluated and it indicated that the 20% corporate income is more viable for gas pipeline projects in Nigeria. The economic impact analysis evaluated the direct, indirect and induced impact of the gas pipeline project on GDP, employment and tax revenue in Nigeria with respect to short term (5 years), medium term (15 years) and long term (40 years): The impacts analysis indicates a total GDP of 60 billion USD, 55,626 jobs created and 1.6 billion USD tax revenue generated as a result of the gas pipeline project.

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Comparative analysis of the immunization practice efficiency in England and the Republic of Bulgaria upon the implementation of the national immunization programs

Varna Medical Forum ◽

10.14748/vmf.v9i1.6471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Eliyana Ivanova ◽

Rositsa Chamova

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

Immunization Practice ◽

National Immunization ◽

The Republic ◽

Practice Efficiency

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Immunization, surveillance, and the global health security agenda: historical perspectives and implications for national immunization programs

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00123819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl 2) ◽

Author(s):

Jon Kim Andrus

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

Global Health Security ◽

Health Security ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

National Immunization ◽

Global Health Security Agenda

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Individual protection and population effect – two sides of one medal

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2018-15-102-109 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 102-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. L. Ignatova ◽

V. N. Antonov ◽

M. P. Kostinov ◽

A. D. Protasov

Keyword(s):

Immunization Programs ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Non Invasive ◽

National Immunization ◽

Invasive Diseases ◽

The World ◽

Individual Protection ◽

Vaccines For Children ◽

Two Sides

The studies of the serotype composition of pneumococci in various countries indicate that over 80% of the most severe invasive diseases are caused by 20 serotypes, and 13 serotypes cause 70–75% of diseases globally [3]. The vaccination of the population is the main way to reduce the incidence of both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infections. With evidence of the safety and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, WHO and UNCF consider it necessary to include these vaccines for children in the national immunization programs around the world.

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Efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus vaccine for primary prevention of cervical cancer: A review of evidence from phase III trials and national programs

South Asian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.4103/2278-330x.119877 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Partha Basu ◽

Dipanwita Banerjee ◽

Priyanka Singh ◽

Chandrani Bhattacharya ◽

Jaydip Biswas

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Safety Data ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Adult Women ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

National Immunization

AbstractThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been widely introduced in the national immunization programs in most of the medium and high income countries following endorsement from national and international advisory bodies. HPV vaccine is unique and its introduction is challenging in many ways – it is the first vaccine developed to prevent any cancer, the vaccine is gender specific, it targets adolescent females who are difficult to reach by any health intervention programs. It is not unusual for such a vaccine to face scepticism and reservations not only from lay public but also from professionals in spite of the clinical trial results convincingly and consistently proving their efficacy and safety. Over the last few years millions of doses of the HPV vaccine have been administered round the world and the efficacy and safety data have started coming from the real life programs. A comprehensive cervical cancer control program involving HPV vaccination of the adolescent girls and screening of the adult women has been proved to be the most cost‑effective approach to reduce the burden of cervical cancer. The present article discusses the justification of HPV vaccination in the backdrop of natural history of cervical cancer, the mechanism of action of the vaccines, efficacy and safety data from phase III randomized controlled trials as well as from the national immunization programs of various countries.

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