scholarly journals Individual protection and population effect – two sides of one medal

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ignatova ◽  
V. N. Antonov ◽  
M. P. Kostinov ◽  
A. D. Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
Vaccines For Children ◽  
Two Sides

The studies of the serotype composition of pneumococci in various countries indicate that over 80% of the most severe invasive diseases are caused by 20 serotypes, and 13 serotypes cause 70–75% of diseases globally [3]. The vaccination of the population is the main way to reduce the incidence of both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infections. With evidence of the safety and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, WHO and UNCF consider it necessary to include these vaccines for children in the national immunization programs around the world.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Pedro Plans-Rubió
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The World ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Assessment of the First Results of the National Program of Immunization of Young Children against Pneumococcal Infection in Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Brico ◽  
N. N. Tsapkova ◽  
V. A. Sukhova ◽  
A. N. Gerasimov ◽  
R. V. Polybin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
First Results ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
One Year

Pneumococcal infections are among the most common infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Russia. At the end of 2014 in the national immunization schedule countries introduced vaccination against pneumococcal infection The aim of study. To assess the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in young children selectively in different territories of the Russian Federation 2 years later from its beginning Materials and methods. In the course of epidemiological observational analytical research of type «case-control» data were obtained on the incidence in vaccinated and unvaccinated against pneumococcal infection in children from 2 months to 2 years We analyzed 1422 outpatients and 356 case histories of children in several cities (Moscow, Smolensk, Sevastopol, Perm, Tyumen, Barnaul). The results are subjected to statistical processing The results and discussion Established that there is a reliable causal connection between the lack of vaccination of children against pneumococcal infection and incidence of diseases. Shows high prophylactic efficacy of vaccination of children up to 2 years. Received in outpatient and inpatient facilities, evidence suggests that the incidence of invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumococcal infection was significantly lower in the vaccinated children It was revealed that the vaccination coverage against pneumococcal infection in children from 2 months to one year and the second year of life was 51 and 40% respectively. Vaccination in the first six months of life in 2016 received only 25% of children. A high proportion of the parent's refusal of vaccination of children (54.2%), and high frequency medical taps (9.7%) from vaccination.

scholarly journals The CAPACITI Decision-Support Tool for National Immunization Programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan Botwright ◽  
Birgitte K. Giersing ◽  
Martin I. Meltzer ◽  
Anna-Lea Kahn ◽  
Mark Jit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
National Immunization

scholarly journals Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Three Years after PCV13 Introduction in the National Immunization Plan—The Continued Importance of Serotype 3

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva-Costa ◽  
Joana Gomes-Silva ◽  
Lúcia Prados ◽  
Mário Ramirez ◽  
José Melo-Cristino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization

The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV7 and PCV13 led to decreases in incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (pIPD) and changes in serotype distribution. We evaluated the consequences of higher vaccine uptake after the introduction of PCV13 in the National Immunization Plan (NIP) in 2015. Besides culture and conventional serotyping, the use of molecular methods to detect and serotype pneumococci in both pleural and cerebrospinal fluid samples contributed to 30% of all pIPD (n = 232) in 2015–2018. The most frequently detected serotypes were: 3 (n = 59, 26%), 10A (n = 17, 8%), 8 (n = 16, 7%) and 19A (n = 10, 4%). PCV13 serotypes still accounted for 46% of pIPD cases. Serotypes not included in any currently available conjugate vaccine (NVT) are becoming important causes of pIPD, with the increases in serotypes 8 and 33F being of particular concern given the importance of serotype 8 in adult IPD and the antimicrobial resistance of serotype 33F isolates. This study highlights the importance of using molecular methods in pIPD surveillance since these allowed a better case ascertainment and the identification of serotype 3 as the leading cause of pIPD. Even in a situation of vaccine uptake >95% for 3 years, PCV13 serotypes remain important causes of pIPD.

scholarly journals Evaluatıon of adverse events following immunization reported during national immunization programs (Between 2017-2019 in Ankara Province)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Çigdem Simsek ◽  
Elif Arabulan ◽  
Nilufer Tavukçu ◽  
Sertaç Çankaya ◽  
Belgin Gulhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
National Immunization

The Doppelgänger and his Master

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuba Mikurda
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Repressed Memory ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Two Sides

A performative introduction, by Kuba Mikurda, to Johan Grimonprez’s Double Take (2009). Based on the themes of duality, playing for both sides, and doppelgänger fantasy, the tells not only the tale of Alfred Hitchcock’ lifelong fascination with such motifs, but also of the Cold War (and its influence on our contemporaneity) as a Hitchcock-esque reality. Using archive footage of Alfred Hichcock Presents, where the author of Psycho impersonates various alternative versions of himself, Grimonprez shows that the two sides of the Iron Curtain are actually two sides of the same coin – perfect mirror images of its double. The same is true for Cold War paranoia, the returning phantom of a global conflict, or atom war – it is ultimately difficult to say whether the films of the master of suspense, such as Birds and North by Northwest are its manifestation or is it maybe that in the current state of late modernity, our experience of the world took on the features of a Hitchcock film. Grimonprez – an artist known for gallery projects and theoretical interests, offers a story of the duplexity of a divided world – a slightly histo/erical one and full of distance and games. All the same, as Karen Beckmann reminds us, “the sameness of a twin is based on the repressed memory of division, breakage, and a sudden partition”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document