scholarly journals Insight into effects of long-chain fatty acids on propionic acid production in anaerobic fermentation: A case study of oleic acid and palmitic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 102415
Author(s):  
Tong Wei ◽  
Qian Fang ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Yujia Chen ◽  
Kequan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid Production ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Dietary and Endogenous Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Intestine of Sheep, with an Appendix on Their Estimation in Feeds, Bile, and Faeces

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Heath ◽  
L N Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Normal sheep and sheep with fistulae of the bile duct or the thoracic duct were used to provide quantitative information on the movement of fatty acids into and out of the intestine. The operation used to gain access to the thoracic duct did not cause any significant alteration in the absorption of either [14C]tripalmitin injected into the rumen or [14C]palmitic acid injected into the duodenum. Normal sheep absorbed the major fatty acids oleic (92'1�1'3%), palmitic (87�3�5�0%), and stearic acids (93' 3� 1� 4%) with almost equal efficiency, and the absorption of labelled tri-palmitin injected into the rumen did not alter as the intake of fatty acids increased from 12g/day (90�1�2�3%) to 44g/day (90�1�1�3%).

Chloroacetamide Mode of Action, I: Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Scenedesmus acutus

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Resistant Cell Line ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Scenedesmus Acutus ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Herbicidal chloroacetamides cause a very sensitive inhibition of fatty acid incorporation into an insoluble cell wall fraction of Scenedesmus acutus. The molecular basis was investigated in more detail. After incubation of the algae with [14C]oleic acid and saponification, the remaining pellet was solubilized and fractionated consecutively with chloroform / methanol, phosphate buffer, amylase, pronase, and finally with dioxane/HCl. By acid hydrolysis in dioxane a part of the cell wall residue was solubilized showing inhibition of exogenously applied oleic acid and other labelled precursors such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, and acetate. After extraction of this dioxane-soluble subfraction with hexane, HPLC could separate labelled metabolites less polar than oleic acid. T heir formation was completely inhibited by chloroacetam ides, e.g. 1 μᴍ metazachlor. This effect was also observed with the herbicidally active 5-enantiomer of metolachlor while the inactive R-enantiomer had no influence. These strongly inhibited metabolites could be characterized by radio-HPLC /MS as very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) with a carbon chain between 20 and 26. Incubating am etazachlor-resistant cell line of S. acutus (Mz-1) with [14C]oleic acid, V LCFA s could not be detected in the dioxane/ HCl-subfraction. Furthermore, comparing the presence of endogenous fatty acids in wildtype and mutant Mz-1 the VLCFA content of the mutant is very low, while the content of long chain fatty acids (C16 -18) is increased, particularly oleic acid. Obviously, the phytotoxicity of chloroacetam ides in S. acutus is due to inhibition of VLCFA synthesis. The resistance of the mutant to metazachlor has a bearing on the higher amount of long chain fatty acids replacing the missing VLCFAs in essential membranes or cell wall components.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE DEVELOPING CASTOR BEAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Diethyl Malonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Acetate-1-C14 and acetate-2-C14 were supplied to slices of developing castor bean endosperm. The molecules were extensively incorporated into long-chain fatty acids, water-soluble compounds, and protein. Oleic acid was the fatty acid initially labelled from acetate and it was the precursor of ricinoleic acid. Aerobic conditions were required for the formation of oleic acid and for the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid. Under anaerobic conditions the incorporation of acetate carbon into fatty acids was inhibited more than 90% and almost all of the C14 was found in stearic and palmitic acids. Stearic acid appeared to be formed first and palmitic acid appeared to be derived from it through a shortening of the chain. The position of linoleic acid in the fatty acid interconversions was not clear except that it was not a free intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid.Malonate-C14 was only absorbed slightly by the tissue and although absorption could be increased by the use of diethyl malonate the metabolism of the compound was not facilitated. Because of its poor utilization by the tissue the role of malonate in long-chain fatty acid synthesis in this tissue could not be ascertained.

The effects of fatty acids on pure cultures of rumen bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SummaryThe effects of fatty acids, at low concentrations (0–005-O5 g/1), on the growth of seven species of rumen bacteria were examined.Anaerovibrio lipolytica(strain 5 S),Peptostreptococcus elsdenii(type 2),Bacteroides ruminicola46/52 andSelenomonas ruminantium(strain 17) were unaffected by addition of oleic acid to the medium. Growth ofButyrivibrioB 835 was stimulated by low concentrations of oleic (< 0–01 g/1), lauric (< 0–1 g/1) or capric (< 0–1 g/1) acids while higher concentrations of these acids were inhibitory. Myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were inhibitory at all concentrations tested.Ruminococcus4263/1 was inhibited at all concentrations of the six acids. Production of methane by pure cultures ofMethanobacterium ruminantiumwas also inhibited by the additions of long-chain fatty acids. Oleic acid was the most inhibitory of the series of acids. These results are consistent with the reported effects of lipids on rumen function.

Metabolism of free fatty acids by myocardium and kidney

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gold ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The myocardial and renal removal and oxidation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were studied in dogs receiving an infusion of I-C14-palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or octanoate. The myocardium extracted about 40% of the total arterial FFA, and some was oxidized to CO2. Blood C14O2 was consistently higher in the coronary sinus than in the artery. The specific activity of the coronary sinus C14O2 was higher than that of the arterial C14O2 in dogs infused with long-chain fatty acids. The specific activity of arterial C14O2 was higher than that of the coronary sinus C14O2 when octanoate was infused. There were no differences observed in FFA extraction and C14O2 production among the different groups of animals receiving the various long-chain fatty acids. In gas chromatographic studies palmitic acid was the only FFA with a consistent net removal by the kidney. Approximately 9% of the arterial radiopalmitate was removed by this organ in dogs receiving infusions of palmitic acid-1-C14. Simultaneously, C14O2 was produced by the kidney. A consistent removal of oleate-1-C14 or a significant production of C14O2 was not found. Infusion of octanoate-1-C14 led to a marked release of C14O2 by the kidney, with greatly increased CO2 specific activity in the renal vein.

scholarly journals Fatty acid biosynthesis by a particulate preparation from germinating pea

1977 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bolton ◽  
John L. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Long Chain

1. Fatty acid synthesis was studied in microsomal preparations from germinating pea (Pisum sativum). 2. The preparations synthesized a mixture of saturated fatty acids up to a chain length of C24 from [14C]malonyl-CoA. 3. Whereas hexadecanoic acid was made de novo, octadecanoic acid and icosanoic acid were synthesized by elongation. 4. The products formed during [14C]malonyl-CoA incubation were analysed, and unesterified fatty acids and polar lipids were found to be major products. [14C]Palmitic acid represented a high percentage of the acyl-carrier protein esters, whereas 14C-labelled very-long-chain fatty acids were mainly present as unesterified fatty acids. CoA esters were minor products. 5. The addition of exogenous lipids to the incubation system usually resulted in stimulation of [14C]malonyl-CoA incorporation into fatty acids. The greatest stimulation was obtained with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Both exogenous palmitic acid and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine increased the amount of [14C]-stearic acid synthesized, relative to [14C]palmitic acid. Addition of stearic acid increased the amount of [14C]icosanoic acid formed. 6. [14C]Stearic acid was elongated more effectively to icosanoic acid than [14C]stearoyl-CoA, and its conversion was not decreased by addition of unlabelled stearoyl-CoA. 7. Incorporation of [14C]malonyl-CoA into fatty acids was markedly decreased by iodoacetamide and 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Palmitate elongation was sensitive to arsenite addition, and stearate elongation to the presence of Triton X-100 or fluoride. The action of fluoride was not, apparently, due to chelation. 8. The microsomal preparations differed from soluble fractions from germinating pea in (a) synthesizing very-long-chain fatty acids, (b) not utilizing exogenous palmitate–acyl-carrier protein as a substrate for palmitate elongation and (c) having fatty acid synthesis stimulated by the addition of certain complex lipids.

scholarly journals The binding of L-tryptophan to serum albumins in the presence of non-esterified fatty acids

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
V J Cunningham ◽  
L Hay ◽  
H B Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Long Chain

Bovine, human and rat serum albumins were defatted and palmitic acid, oleic acid and lauric acid added in various molar ratios. The binding of L-tryptophan to these albumins was measured at 20 degrees C in a 0.138 M salt solution at pH 7.4, by using an ultrafiltration technique, and analysed in terms of n, the number of available tryptophan-binding sites per albumin molecule, with apparent association constant, k. 2. n and k were 0.90 and 2.3}10(-4)M(minus-1) respectively for defatted bovine serum albumin and 0.87 and 9.7}10(-3)M(-minus-1) for human albumin. Addition of palmitic acid did not decrease n until the molar ratio, fatty acid/bovine albumin, approached and exceeded 2. The decrease in k was small and progressive. In contrast, lauric caused a marked decrease in n and k at ratios as low as 0.5. A similar distinction between the effects on n of palmitic acid and oleic acid and those of lauric acid was seen for human albumin. k for human albumin was not significantly affected by fatty acids under the conditions studied. 3. It is concluded that primary long-chain fatty acid sites interact only weakly with the tryptophan site on albumin and that inhibition of tryptophan binding occurs when secondary long-chain sites are occupied. Primary medium-chain fatty acid sites are distinct from primary long-chain sites but may be grouped with secondary long-chain sites. 4. The relationship between free and bound tryptophan in samples of rat plasma (Stoner et al., 1975) is discussed in terms of a similar but limited study of rat albumin.

Conversion of waste materials into very long chain fatty acids by the recombinant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gajdoš ◽  
Jaroslav Hambalko ◽  
Ondrej Slaný ◽  
Milan Čertík
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Recombinant Yeast ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Erucic acid (C22:1Δ13) has several industrial applications including its use as a lubricant, surfactant and biodiesel and composite material constituent. It is produced by plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family, especially by the high erucic acid rapeseed. The ability to convert oleic acid into erucic acid is facilitated by FAE1. In this study, FAD2 (encoding Δ12-desaturase) was deleted in the strain Po1d to increase oleic acid content. Subsequently, FAE1 from Thlaspi arvense was overexpressed in Yarrowia lipolytica with the Δfad2 genotype. This resulted in the YL10 strain producing very long chain fatty acids, especially erucic acid. The YL10 strain was cultivated in media containing crude glycerol and waste cooking oil as carbon substrates. The cells grown using glycerol produced microbial oil devoid of linoleic acid, which was enriched with very long chain fatty acids, mainly erucic acid (9% of the total fatty acids). When cells were grown using waste cooking oil, the highest yield of erucic acid was obtained (887 mg L–1). However, external linoleic and α-linolenic were accumulated in cellular lipids when yeasts were grown in an oil medium. This study describes the possibility of conversion of waste material into erucic acid by a recombinant yeast strain.

scholarly journals Long-chain fatty acids of Sporothrix (Sporotrichum) schenckii

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-636
Author(s):  
R J Stretton ◽  
R K Dart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A number of strains purporting to belong to the species Sporothrix schenckii were examined for their fatty acid content. The majority of the strains were isolated from cases of sporotrichosis. Two strains were reputedly saprophytic. In all cases except the two saprophytic ones the major fatty acid was a C18 diene. Considerable amounts of palmitic acid and C18 monoene were found in all strains.

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