The cost-effectiveness of conservation auctions in the presence of asset specificity: An agent-based model

The paper presents an agent-based model reproducing a stylized credit network that evolves endogenously through the individual choices of firms and banks. We introduce in this framework a financial stability authority in order to test the effects of different prudential policy measures designed to improve the resilience of the economic system. Simulations show that a combination of micro- and macroprudential policies reduces systemic risk but at the cost of increasing banks’ capital volatility. Moreover, the agent-based methodology allows us to implement an alternative meso regulatory framework that takes into consideration the connections between firms and banks. This policy targets only the more connected banks, increasing their capital requirement in order to reduce the diffusion of local shocks. Our results support the idea that the mesoprudential policy is able to reduce systemic risk without affecting the stability of banks’ capital structure.

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Exploring the cost effectiveness of land conservation auctions and payment policies*

Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics ◽

10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00417.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 303-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Jeffery D. Connor ◽

John R. Ward ◽

Brett Bryan

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Land Conservation ◽

Conservation Auctions ◽

The Cost ◽

Payment Policies

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Agent-Based Model to Study and Quantify the Evolution Dynamics of Android Malware Infection

Abstract and Applied Analysis ◽

10.1155/2014/623436 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juan Alegre-Sanahuja ◽

Javier Camacho ◽

Juan Carlos Cortés López ◽

Francisco-José Santonja ◽

Rafael Jacinto Villanueva Micó

Keyword(s):

Agent Based Model ◽

Android Malware ◽

Agent Based ◽

Antivirus Software ◽

Android Platform ◽

Evolution Dynamics ◽

The Cost ◽

Evolution Modeling

In the last years the number of malware Apps that the users download to their devices has risen. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model to quantify the Android malware infection evolution, modeling the behavior of the users and the different markets where the users may download Apps. The model predicts the number of infected smartphones depending on the type of malware. Additionally, we will estimate the cost that the users should afford when the malware is in their devices. We will be able to analyze which part is more critical: the users, giving indiscriminate permissions to the Apps or not protecting their devices with antivirus software, or the Android platform, due to the vulnerabilities of the Android devices that permit their rooted. We focus on the community of Valencia, Spain, although the obtained results can be extrapolated to other places where the number of Android smartphones remains fairly stable.

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Using agent-based models to examine implications of introducing conservation auctions in Costa Rica: overview, design concepts, and details (ODD) protocol for a conservation auction agent-based model (CA-ABM)

10.2737/srs-gtr-245 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Natasha A. James

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Agent Based Model ◽

Agent Based Models ◽

Agent Based ◽

Design Concepts ◽

Conservation Auction ◽

Conservation Auctions

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2423. Cost-effectiveness of core and emerging infection control interventions to reduce hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection: An agent-based simulation modeling approach

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S837-S837

Author(s):

Oguzhan Alagoz ◽

Anna K Barker ◽

Elizabeth Scaria ◽

Nasia Safdar

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Infection Control ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Multiple Infection ◽

Agent Based ◽

Emerging Infection ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽

The Cost

Abstract Background Multiple infection control interventions have been recommended to reduce hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (C. difficile; HO-CDI), including contact isolation, environmental disinfection, and hand hygiene. These interventions have differential effects on reducing HO-CDI that change for each hospital setting. In the context of today’s constrained resources, with trade-offs a necessary part of any prevention plan, infection control personnel need information regarding intervention cost-effectiveness that is tailored to their unique hospital setting. Methods We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nine infection control interventions and eight multiple-intervention bundles using our group’s agent-based model of C. difficile transmission. This previously developed model represents a general 200-bed acute-care adult hospital. Effectiveness was measured from the hospital perspective in terms of both quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and HO-CDIs. Results Six interventions reduced cost while increasing QALYs and averting HO-CDI, compared with baseline standard hospital practices: daily cleaning (saved an average of $407,854 and 36.8 QALYs annually in a 200-bed hospital), HCW hand hygiene ($181,767; 17.7 QALYs), patient hand hygiene ($25,700; 6.3 QALYs), terminal cleaning ($64,986; 12.8 QALYs), screening at admission ($9,083; 18.5 QALYs), and reducing patient transfers ($27,514; 3.1 QALYs). Adding patient hand hygiene to the HCW hand hygiene intervention was cost saving. When screening, HCW hand hygiene, and patient hand hygiene interventions were sequentially added to daily cleaning to form two, three, and four-pronged bundles, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for these additions were $26,588, $44,173, and $123,379 per QALY, respectively. Conclusion Using cost-effectiveness data, institutions may consider streamlining their infection control initiatives and prioritizing a smaller number of highly effective interventions. Our model could be used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of existing core and emerging infection control interventions for specific hospital settings. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Cost-effectiveness of Dengue Vaccination in Puerto Rico

10.1101/2020.10.07.20208512 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guido España ◽

Andrew J. Leidner ◽

Stephen Waterman ◽

T. Alex Perkins

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Control Measure ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Base Case ◽

Test Results ◽

Agent Based ◽

False Positive Test ◽

The Cost

ABSTRACTAn effective and widely used vaccine could reduce the burden of dengue virus (DENV) around the world. DENV is endemic in Puerto Rico, where the dengue vaccine CYD-TDV is currently under consideration as a control measure. CYD-TDV has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials in vaccinees who had prior dengue infection. However, in vaccinees who had no prior dengue infection, the vaccine had a modestly elevated risk of hospitalization and severe disease. The WHO therefore recommended a strategy of pre-vaccination screening and vaccination of seropositive persons. To estimate the cost-effectiveness and benefits of this intervention (i.e., screening and vaccination of seropositive persons) in Puerto Rico, we simulated 10 years of the intervention in 9-year-olds using an agent-based model. Across the entire population, we found that 5.5% (4.6%-6.3%) of dengue hospitalizations could be averted. However, we also found that 1.6 (1.3 - 2.1) additional hospitalizations could occur for every 1,000 DENV-naïve children who were vaccinated following a false-positive test results for prior exposure. The ratio of the averted hospitalizations among all vaccinees to additional hospitalizations among DENV-naïve vaccinees was estimated to be 19 (13-24). At a base case cost of vaccination of 382 USD, we found an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 122,000 USD per QALY gained. Our estimates can provide information for considerations to introduce the CYD-TDV vaccine in Puerto Rico.

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Cost–benefit of limited isolation and testing in COVID-19 mitigation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75640-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Eilersen ◽

Kim Sneppen

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Social Groups ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Agent Based Model ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Agent Based ◽

The Cost

Abstract The international community has been put in an unprecedented situation by the COVID-19 pandemic. Creating models to describe and quantify alternative mitigation strategies becomes increasingly urgent. In this study, we propose an agent-based model of disease transmission in a society divided into closely connected families, workplaces, and social groups. This allows us to discuss mitigation strategies, including targeted quarantine measures. We find that workplace and more diffuse social contacts are roughly equally important to disease spread, and that an effective lockdown must target both. We examine the cost–benefit of replacing a lockdown with tracing and quarantining contacts of the infected. Quarantine can contribute substantially to mitigation, even if it has short duration and is done within households. When reopening society, testing and quarantining is a strategy that is much cheaper in terms of lost workdays than a long lockdown. A targeted quarantine strategy is quite efficient with only 5 days of quarantine, and its effect increases when testing is more widespread.

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