scholarly journals Gradient grammar: An effect of animacy on the syntax of give in New Zealand and American English

Lingua ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Bresnan ◽  
Jennifer Hay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
American English

Cross-Cultural Reliability and Factor Structure of the Wilson-Patterson Conservatism Scale

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wayne Hogan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Business School ◽  
American English ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Item Scores

Based on the responses of 273 university and business school students residing in New Orleans, Louisiana, the reliability and factor structure of the Wilson-Patterson Conservatism Scale as used with American, English, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Australian subjects were examined. Similar mean-item scores and factor structures across samples suggest the cross-cultural usefulness of the scale as a measure for conservatism.

The articulation of /ɹ/ in New Zealand English

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Heyne ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Donald Derrick ◽  
Kieran Dorreen ◽  
Kevin Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
American English ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Allophonic Variation ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Curvature Index ◽  
Back Vowel ◽  
Speech Motor

This paper investigates the articulation of approximant /ɹ/ in New Zealand English (NZE), and tests whether the patterns documented for rhotic varieties of English hold in a non-rhotic dialect. Midsagittal ultrasound data for 62 speakers producing 13 tokens of /ɹ/ in various phonetic environments were categorized according to the taxonomy by Delattre & Freeman (1968), and semi-automatically traced and quantified using the AAA software (Articulate Instruments Ltd. 2012) and a Modified Curvature Index (MCI; Dawson, Tiede & Whalen 2016). Twenty-five NZE speakers produced tip-down /ɹ/ exclusively, 12 tip-up /ɹ/ exclusively, and 25 produced both, partially depending on context. Those speakers who produced both variants used the most tip-down /ɹ/ in front vowel contexts, the most tip-up /ɹ/ in back vowel contexts, and varying rates in low central vowel contexts. The NZE speakers produced tip-up /ɹ/ most often in word-initial position, followed by intervocalic, then coronal, and least often in velar contexts. The results indicate that the allophonic variation patterns of /ɹ/ in NZE are similar to those of American English (Mielke, Baker & Archangeli 2010, 2016). We show that MCI values can be used to facilitate /ɹ/ gesture classification; linear mixed-effects models fit on the MCI values of manually categorized tongue contours show significant differences between all but two of Delattre & Freeman's (1968) tongue types. Overall, the results support theories of modular speech motor control with articulation strategies evolving from local rather than global optimization processes, and a mechanical model of rhotic variation (see Stavness et al. 2012).

Studying New Zealand English

English Today ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koenraad Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
American English ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Collaborative Activity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Usa

NEW ZEALAND ENGLISH is one of the most closely studied national varieties of English outside of the USA and UK, and a source of significance for the dialect differentiation and historical evolution of English. Most of the work has been done in the relatively short period of about 15 years compared with the longer time frame of studies in British and American English. One reason for this is that New Zealand English has, from its beginning, benefited from significant co-operative and collaborative activity among New Zealand linguists.

scholarly journals Animacy in early New Zealand English

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Hundt ◽  
Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
American English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
British English

The literature suggests that animacy effects in present-day spoken New Zealand English (NZE) differ from animacy effects in other varieties of English. We seek to determine if such differences have a history in earlier NZE writing or not. We revisit two grammatical phenomena — progressives and genitives — that are well known to be sensitive to animacy effects, and we study these phenomena in corpora sampling 19th- and early 20th-century written NZE; for reference purposes, we also study parallel samples of 19th- and early 20th-century British English and American English. We indeed find significant regional differences between early New Zealand writing and the other varieties in terms of the effect that animacy has on the frequency and probabilities of grammatical phenomena.

scholarly journals Pragmatics

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
American English ◽  
Asynchronous Online Discussion ◽  
Defense Language Institute ◽  
Interdisciplinary Journal ◽  
Grammar And Interaction ◽  
Sociology Journals

06–187Hayashi, Makoto, Referential problems and turn construction: An exploration of an intersection between grammar and interaction. Text – Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse (Mouton de Gruyter) 25.4 (2005), 437–468.06–188Holmes, Janet (U Wellington, New Zealand; [email protected]), Leadership talk: How do leaders ‘do mentoring’, and is gender relevant?Journal of Pragmatics (Elsevier) 37.11 (2005), 1779–1800.06–189Kwon, Jihyun (Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, USA), Expressing refusals in Korean and in American English. Multilingua (Mouton de Gruyter) 23.4 (2004), 339–364.06–190Lewin, Beverly A., Contentiousness in science: The discourse of critique in two sociology journals. Text – Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse (Mouton de Gruyter) 25.6 (2005), 723–744.06–191Lewis, Diana M. (Faculté des Langues, Lyon, France; [email protected]), Arguing in English and French asynchronous online discussion. Journal of Pragmatics (Elsevier) 37.11 (2005), 1801–1818.06–192Overstreet, Maryann (U Hawaii at Manoa, USA; [email protected]), And stuffund so: Investigating pragmatic expressions in English and German. Journal of Pragmatics (Elsevier) 37.11 (2005), 1845–1864.06–193Wang, Yu-Fang, From lexical to pragmatic meaning: Contrastive markers in spoken Chinese discourse. Text – Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse (Mouton de Gruyter) 25.4 (2005), 469–518.

Using nonsense words to investigate vowel merger

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER HAY ◽  
KATIE DRAGER ◽  
BRYNMOR THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
American English ◽  
Nonsense Word ◽  
Real Word

In previous work, we have found that New Zealand listeners who produce merged tokens of near and square can accurately distinguish between the vowels in perception even though they report that they are guessing. The ability to distinguish the vowels is affected by a variety of factors for these listeners, including the likelihood that the speaker and experimenter maintain the distinction (Hay et al. 2006b; Hay et al. 2010). In this article, we report on experiments that examine the production and perception of real and nonsense words in the context of two mergers: the Ellen/Allan merger in New Zealand English and the lot/thought merger found in American English. The results demonstrate that speakers’ degree of merger depends at least partially on whether the word is a real or nonsense word. Additionally, the results indicate that a token's real word status affects the merger differently in production and perception. We argue that these results provide evidence in favour of a hybrid model of speech production and perception, one with both abstract phoneme-level representations and acoustically detailed episodic representations.

Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries: Primary Distance Indicators

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 563-566
Author(s):  
J. D. Pritchard ◽  
W. Tobin ◽  
J. V. Clausen ◽  
E. F. Guinan ◽  
E. L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Eclipsing Binaries ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Distance Indicators

Our collaboration involves groups in Denmark, the U.S.A. Spain and of course New Zealand. Combining ground-based and satellite (IUEandHST) observations we aim to determine accurate and precise stellar fundamental parameters for the components of Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries as well as the distances to these systems and hence the parent galaxies themselves. This poster presents our latest progress.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Sidney D. Kobernick ◽  
Edna A. Elfont ◽  
Neddra L. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Cellular Alteration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.

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