Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms with well differentiated morphology and high proliferative activity: illustrated by a case series and review of the literature

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been increasingly used in the treatment of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (WD-NENs), but electrolyte abnormalities during prophylactic aminoacid (AA) infusion can complicate its administration. We describe a case of AA-induced acidosis and hyperkalemia associated with PRRT. We tailored an oral and intravenous sodium bicarbonate regimen for pre-emptive treatment prior to subsequent PRRT session, thereby preventing hospitalization. We provide a relevant review of the literature and our treatment algorithm, that can serve as a point of reference in treatment of this life-threatening complication of PRRT.

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Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2003-127-1031-mcotba ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 127 (8) ◽

pp. 1031-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naoko Honma ◽

Goi Sakamoto ◽

Motoko Ikenaga ◽

Kojiro Kuroiwa ◽

Mamoun Younes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Proliferative Activity ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma ◽

Primary Breast Carcinoma ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Macroscopic Appearance ◽

High Proliferative Activity ◽

Cystic Hypersecretory Carcinoma ◽

Histologic Subtypes

Abstract We report a case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the breast in a 96-year-old woman. This is an extremely rare variant of primary breast carcinoma that bears a striking resemblance to MCAs of the ovary and pancreas. The macroscopic appearance and secretion pattern (cytologic findings) resembled cystic hypersecretory carcinoma. However, microscopically, the epithelial cells were quite different from those of cystic hypersecretory carcinoma. In the present study as well as in the literature, MCAs tend to occur more frequently in elderly women. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that they may develop independently of estrogenic stimulation. Although MCAs show high proliferative activity, the prognosis was favorable in the present case as well as in the reported cases. Because MCAs appear to have a distinct pathogenesis and biologic behavior, they should be distinguished from ordinary mucinous carcinomas, cystic hypersecretory carcinomas, and carcinomas of other histologic subtypes.

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PD-L1 Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration in Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) and Non-GEP Neuroendocrine Neoplasms With High Proliferative Activity

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2019.00343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Martina Ferrata ◽

Arno Schad ◽

Stefanie Zimmer ◽

Thomas J. Musholt ◽

Katharina Bahr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proliferative Activity ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Immune Cell Infiltration ◽

High Proliferative Activity

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Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Breast: The Latest WHO Classification and Review of the Literature

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers14010196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Yukinori Ozaki ◽

Sakiko Miura ◽

Ryosuke Oki ◽

Teppei Morikawa ◽

Keita Uchino

Keyword(s):

Who Classification ◽

Case Reports ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Case Series ◽

Breast Tumors ◽

World Health ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Low Grade ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Retrospective Case

Breast tumors with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation comprise an uncommon and heterogeneous group of tumors, including invasive breast cancer of no special type (IBC-NST) with NE features, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). The most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2019 defined neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the breast (Br-NENs) as tumors in which >90% of cells show histological evidence of NE differentiation, including NETs (low-grade tumors) and NEC (high-grade). Due to the low prevalence of these tumors and successive changes in their diagnostic criteria over the years, only limited evidence of these tumors exists, derived mainly from case reports and retrospective case series. Breast tumors with NE differentiation are usually treated like the more commonly occurring IBC-NSTs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of breast tumors with NE differentiation usually shows a hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor type 2 (HER2)-negative profile, so that hormonal therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors or other targeted agents would be reasonable treatment options. Herein, we present a review of the literature on breast tumors with NE differentiation as defined in the latest WHO 2019 classification, and discuss the clinical management of these tumors.

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Sunitinib Treatment for Advanced Paraganglioma: Case Report of a Novel SDHD Gene Mutation Variant and Systematic Review of the Literature

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.677983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Franz Sesti ◽

Tiziana Feola ◽

Giulia Puliani ◽

Roberta Centello ◽

Valentina Di Vito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Case Reports ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Case Series ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Antiangiogenic Agents ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Sunitinib Treatment

BackgroundParagangliomas (PGLs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from chromaffin cells of sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia. Systemic therapies have been used only in metastatic PGLs. Antiangiogenic agents, such as sunitinib, could be a viable therapeutic choice in the subgroup of patients with SDH-positive PGLs. We describe the case of a man with Familial Paraganglioma Syndrome type 1 (FPGL) related to a novel mutation in SDHD gene treated with sunitinib. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review of the literature aimed to address the following question: is sunitinib treatment effective in patients with advanced/progressive/metastatic PGL?MethodsWe performed a data search using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus between April 2019 and September 2020. We included studies reporting data on clinical or biological characteristics, or clinical outcomes of patients with PGLs treated with sunitinib.ResultsThe search leaded to the selection of 25 publications. Data from case reports and case series showed that disease control rate (DCR = stable disease + partial response + complete response) was achieved in 34.7% of cases under sunitinib treatment. In 39% of patients DCR was followed by progressive disease (PD) or tumor relapse, 26.1% patients showed PD. Data from clinical trials showed that DCR was 83%, and the median progression free survival was 13.4 months.DiscussionData from the present literature review suggested that sunitinib could be a viable therapeutic option in advanced/progressive/metastatic inoperable PGLs. However, further trials on the efficacy of sunitinib in FPGL and sporadic PGL are needed.

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Lung carcinoids with high proliferative activity: Further support for the identification of a new tumor category in the classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms

Lung Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

M. Rubino ◽

J.Y. Scoazec ◽

E. Pisa ◽

M. Faron ◽

L. Spaggiari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proliferative Activity ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

High Proliferative Activity

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Modern approaches to the treatment of gastric neuroendocrine tumors

Russian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.18821/1028-9984-2016-21-3-165-168 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 165-168

Author(s):

Ivan N. Peregorodiev ◽

V. Y Bokhian ◽

I. S Stilidi ◽

V. V Delektorskaya

Keyword(s):

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Activity Index ◽

Morphological Type ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Type I ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Proliferative Activity ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

The One ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) include a wide range of tumors with different variants of the course of the disease. At the one end of the clinical spectrum there are highly differentiated type I GI-NETs, with five-year survival rate over 95%, at the another end there are low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (large-, smallcell cancers) representing a tumor with extremely poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches to different types of tumors are different. It is necessary to distinguish the treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (I and II clinical-morphological type) and low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. At the same time, it should be noted how different is the treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with high proliferative activity index (III clinico-morphological type of tumor) and low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (large-, small-cell cancers).

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