Pore water alkalinity below the permanent halocline in the Gdańsk Deep (Baltic Sea) - Concentration variability and benthic fluxes

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łukawska-Matuszewska ◽  
Bożena Graca
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Gdansk Deep

Pore water phosphate and ammonia below the permanent halocline in the south-eastern Baltic Sea and their benthic fluxes under anoxic conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Graca ◽  
Zbigniew Witek ◽  
Dorota Burska ◽  
Izabela Białkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Łukawska-Matuszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
The South ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Baltic

scholarly journals Annual variability and regulation of methane and sulfate fluxes in Baltic Sea estuarine sediments

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Sawicka ◽  
Volker Brüchert
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Methane Fluxes ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Methane Concentrations

Abstract. Marine methane emissions originate largely from near-shore coastal systems, but emission estimates are often not based on temporally well-resolved data or sufficient understanding of the variability of methane consumption and production processes in the underlying sediment. The objectives of our investigation were to explore the effects of seasonal temperature, changes in benthic oxygen concentration, and historical eutrophication on sediment methane concentrations and benthic fluxes at two type localities for open-water coastal versus eutrophic, estuarine sediment in the Baltic Sea. Benthic fluxes of methane and oxygen and sediment pore-water concentrations of dissolved sulfate, methane, and 35S-sulfate reduction rates were obtained over a 12-month period from April 2012 to April 2013. Benthic methane fluxes varied by factors of 5 and 12 at the offshore coastal site and the eutrophic estuarine station, respectively, ranging from 0.1 mmol m−2 d−1 in winter at an open coastal site to 2.6 mmol m−2 d−1 in late summer in the inner eutrophic estuary. Total oxygen uptake (TOU) and 35S-sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) correlated with methane fluxes showing low rates in the winter and high rates in the summer. The highest pore-water methane concentrations also varied by factors of 6 and 10 over the sampling period with the lowest values in the winter and highest values in late summer–early autumn. The highest pore-water methane concentrations were 5.7 mM a few centimeters below the sediment surface, but they never exceeded the in situ saturation concentration. Of the total sulfate reduction, 21–24 % was coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation, lowering methane concentrations below the sediment surface far below the saturation concentration. The data imply that bubble emission likely plays no or only a minor role in methane emissions in these sediments. The changes in pore-water methane concentrations over the observation period were too large to be explained by temporal changes in methane formation and methane oxidation rates due to temperature alone. Additional factors such as regional and local hydrostatic pressure changes and coastal submarine groundwater flow may also affect the vertical and lateral transport of methane.

Equilibrium passive sampling as a tool to study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Baltic Sea sediment pore-water systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann-Cathrin Lang ◽  
Andrew Hursthouse ◽  
Philipp Mayer ◽  
Danjiela Kötke ◽  
Ines Hand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sediment Pore Water ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals The control of hydrogen sulfide on benthic iron and cadmium fluxes in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Plass ◽  
Christian Schlosser ◽  
Stefan Sommer ◽  
Andrew W. Dale ◽  
Eric P. Achterberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Benthic Chamber ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Minimum Zone ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. Sediments in oxygen-depleted marine environments can be an important sink or source of bio-essential trace metals in the ocean. However, the key mechanisms controlling the release from or burial of trace metals in sediments are not exactly understood. Here, we investigate the benthic biogeochemical cycling of Fe and Cd in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru. We combine bottom water profiles, pore water profiles, as well as benthic fluxes determined from pore water profiles and in-situ from benthic chamber incubations along a depth transect at 12° S. In agreement with previous studies, both concentration-depth profiles and in-situ benthic fluxes indicate a Fe release from sediments into bottom waters. Diffusive Fe fluxes and Fe fluxes from benthic chamber incubations are roughly consistent (0.3–17.1 mmol m−2 y−1), indicating that diffusion is the main transport mechanism of dissolved Fe across the sediment-water interface. The occurrence of mats of sulfur oxidizing bacteria on the seafloor represents an important control on the spatial distribution of Fe fluxes by regulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations and, potentially, Fe sulfide precipitation within the surface sediment. Removal of dissolved Fe after its release to anoxic bottom waters is rapid in the first 4 m away from the seafloor (half-life

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of <I>Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus</I> and <I>Acartia spp.</I> in the southern Baltic Sea (Gdańsk Deep) – numerical simulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1202
Author(s):  
L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka ◽  
L. Bielecka ◽  
S. Mudrak
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Gdansk Deep ◽  
Southern Baltic

Abstract. A population dynamics model for copepods is presented describing a seasonal dynamics of Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus and Acartia spp. in the southern Baltic Sea (Gdansk Deep). The copepod model was coupled with an one-dimensional physical and biological upper layer model for nutrients (total inorganic nitrogen, phosphate), phytoplankton, microzooplankton and an early juvenile of herring as predator. In this model, mesozooplankton (herbivorous copepods) has been introduced as animals having definite patterns of growth in successive stages, reproduction and mortality. The populations are represented by 6 cohorts in different developmental stages, thus assuming, that recruitment of the next generation occurs after a fixed period of adult life. The copepod model links trophic processes and population dynamics, and simulates individual growth within cohorts and the changes in biomass between cohorts. The simulations of annual cycles of copepods contain one complete generation of Pseudocalanus and two generations of Acartia in the whole column water, and indicate the importance of growth of older stages of 6 cohorts each species to total population biomass. The peaks of copepods biomass, main, at the turn of June and July for Pseudocalanus and smaller, in July for Acartia, lag that phytoplankton by ca. two mouths due to growth of cohorts in successive stages and egg production by females. The numerical results show that the investigated species could not be the main factor limiting the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Gdansk Deep, because the initial development was slow for Acartia and faster for Pseudocalanus, but main development formed after the bloom, in both cases. However, the simulated microzooplankton biomass was enough high to conclude, in our opinion, that, in this case, it was major cause limiting phytoplankton bloom. Model presented here is a next step in understanding how the population dynamics of a dominant species in the southern Baltic Sea interact with the environment.

Spatial and seasonal variation in dissolved silica benthic fluxes in the shallow zones of the southern Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Borawska ◽  
Beata Szymczycha ◽  
Marc J. Silberberger ◽  
Marta Szczepanek ◽  
Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Dissolved Silica ◽  
Szczecin Lagoon ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Puck Bay

&lt;p&gt;Dissolved silica (DSi) is an important macronutrient in the marine environment, necessary for growth of many aquatic organisms. Yet, DSi marine cycle is still not fully recognized, especially in dynamic, coastal zones. Although DSi is mainly transported to the sea by rivers, benthic fluxes of DSi, which originate from dissolution of the siliceous remains in the sediments, can also represent an important source of bioavailable silicon in the ocean. Benthic DSi fluxes are mainly powered by diffusion, but their rates are strongly shaped by the benthic fauna. Still, the role of benthos in these processes is not fully recognized. The main goal of this study was to investigate how various environmental factors and benthic fauna may shape the coastal cycle of Si in coastal environments during different seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study was conducted in the shallow coastal ecosystems of the southern Baltic Sea characterized by contrasting environmental conditions: shallow, brackish and enclosed Szczecin Lagoon (Oder river estuary), dynamic open waters near &amp;#321;eba with relatively low anthropogenic influence, enclosed Puck Bay and Vistula prodelta. We investigated both shore ecosystems (app. 0.5 m depth) and deeper areas (from 6 up to 60 m depth). DSi concentrations in the bottom waters and environmental characteristics (T, S, O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, sediment organic matter) were investigated at 6 stations, during three seasons (winter, spring and autumn) in years 2019-2020 with s/y Oceania (IOPAN) and directly from the shore. Additionally, samples from shore stations were collected during summer. DSi benthic fluxes were determined at each station by performing &lt;em&gt;ex situ&lt;/em&gt; incubations of sediment cores (n = 4-5) with natural benthic assemblages. The benthic organisms in studied cores were collected, identified, counted, and weighed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lowest fluxes were measured at sandy stations while highest return fluxes were observed at muddy sites. High variability in DSi benthic fluxes along studied localities was observed, ranging from -1.11 mmol d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in summer at shore station in the Puck Bay and up to 6.79 mmol d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in Szczecin Lagoon in autumn. We used &amp;#160;Gaussian Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to estimate the role of environmental conditions, benthic fauna characteristics &amp;#160;and interactions among them in the variability of DSi benthic flux across studied localities. The most important predictors for the fluxes were all pair-wise interactions of temperature, total organic carbon, the C/N molar ratio, and the density of benthic macrofauna. Both interaction terms that included C/N ratio, a measure of organic matter quality (i.e. low C/N ratio indicates higher quality), were associated with increased DSi uptake by the sediment. Further, the interaction term between T and benthic marcofauna density was also linked to negative benthic fluxes of DSi. In contrast, the interaction of T and TOC caused a strong increase in DSi return fluxes.&lt;/p&gt;

Trace metal speciation in sea and pore water of the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea, 1994

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Brügmann ◽  
Rolf Hallberg ◽  
Carin Larsson ◽  
Annekatrin Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Gotland Deep ◽  
Trace Metal Speciation

Dissolved heavy metal fluxes at sediment-water interface in polluted sediments of the Adriatic Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Spagnoli ◽  
Rocco De Marco ◽  
Giordano Giuliani ◽  
Pierluigi Penna ◽  
Alessandra Campanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Early Diagenesis ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Po River ◽  
River Mouths

&lt;p&gt;To evaluate the anthropogenic impact in surface sediments of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea, dissolved fluxes at the sediment water interface of heavy metals and nutrients on the sea bottom in front of the Po River mouths and along the western side of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea have been determined. The fluxes have been measured by benthic chamber deployments and calculated by pore water modelling. Pore waters composition have been used also to understand the early diagenesis processes generating the benthic fluxes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benthic chamber deployments and sediment core collection for pore water extraction have been carried out in three cruises in spring and autumn 2013 and autumn 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study stations have been chosen on the base of previous research results indicating a decreasing heavy metal and organic matter surface content leaving from the Po River mouths (P&amp;#233;rez-Albaladejo et al., 2016). The data obtained have been compared with previous studies carried in the Adriatic Sea (Spagnoli et al. 2010).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results of the 2013 and 2014 cruises and of previous investigations indicate a consistent and rapid dissolved benthic flux decreasing going away from the Po River mouths both southward, eastward and northward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The decreasing regards the final electron acceptors and the organic matter degradation products and some heavy metals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On the whole, different early diagenesis environments have been recognized in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea: they embrace two end members: from the Po River Prodelta to the Mid Adriatic Depression (MAD) (Spagnoli et al., 2014). In front of the Po River sediments are characterized by high sedimentation rate and by high inputs of fresh marine organic matter, continental organic matter and Fe-oxyhydroxides. These inputs produce high concentrations of organic matter degradation products, strong anoxic environment in the pore waters and high dissolved benthic fluxes. In the MAD the diagenetic environments are characterized by low sedimentation rate and low inputs of reactive organic matter that produce low concentrations of pore-water organic matter degradation products with oxic conditions near the surface and weak benthic fluxes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As regard the two major metals involved in the early diagenesis processes (Fe and Mn), they too show dissolved benthic fluxes decreases from the Po River mouths. Also in this case, this trend is attributed to the high Po River dissolved and particulate, anthropogenic and natural, metal inputs that deposit in the surface sediments of the Po Prodelta (Spagnoli and Bergamini, 1997).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dissolved benthic fluxes of trace heavy metals (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) indicate that some elements, such as Co and Pb, are clearly adsorbed by the sediment that act, for these two elements as sink. Other elements, such as Cu, don&amp;#8217;t show a clear north&amp;#8211;south trend s, while other elements, such as Cd, indicate a southward decreasing trend suggesting a behavior affected by the Po River inputs and Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxide cycle.&lt;/p&gt;

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