Estimating the impact of petroleum substances on survival in early life stages of cod ( Gadus morhua ) using the Dynamic Energy Budget theory

Despite the recognised effectiveness of networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a biodiversity conservation instrument, MPA network design frequently disregards the importance of connectivity patterns. In the case of sedentary marine populations, connectivity stems not only from the stochastic nature of the physical environment that affects dispersal of early life stages, but also from the spawning stock attributes that affect reproductive output (e.g. passive eggs and larvae) and survivorship. Early life stages are virtually impossible to track in the ocean. Therefore, numerical ocean current simulations coupled with egg and larval Lagrangian transport models remain the most common approach for the assessment of marine larval connectivity. Inferred larval connectivity may differ depending on the type of connectivity considered; consequently, the prioritisation of sites for the conservation of marine populations might also differ. Here, we introduce a framework for evaluating and designing MPA networks based on the identification of connectivity hotspots using graph theoretic analysis. As a case study, we used a network of open-access areas and MPAs off Mallorca Island (Spain), and tested its effectiveness for the protection of the painted comber Serranus scriba. Outputs from network analysis were used to (1) identify critical areas for improving overall larval connectivity, (2) assess the impact of species’ biological parameters in network connectivity and (3) explore alternative MPA configurations to improve average network connectivity. Results demonstrate the potential of graph theory to identify non-trivial egg/larval dispersal patterns and emerging collective properties of the MPA network, which are relevant for increasing protection efficiency.

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Dynamic energy budget theory restores coherence in biology

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2010.0166 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 365 (1557) ◽

pp. 3413-3428 ◽

Cited By ~ 150

Author(s):

Tânia Sousa ◽

Tiago Domingos ◽

J.-C. Poggiale ◽

S. A. L. M. Kooijman

Keyword(s):

Energy Budget ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Theme Issue ◽

Dynamic Energy Budget ◽

Dynamic Energy Budget Theory ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Set Up ◽

Budget Theory ◽

Near Future ◽

Consistent Application

We present the state of the art of the development of dynamic energy budget theory, and its expected developments in the near future within the molecular, physiological and ecological domains. The degree of formalization in the set-up of the theory, with its roots in chemistry, physics, thermodynamics, evolution and the consistent application of Occam's razor, is discussed. We place the various contributions in the theme issue within this theoretical setting, and sketch the scope of actual and potential applications.

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Comparison of DNA damage in the early life stages of cod, Gadus morhua, originating from the Barents Sea and Baltic Sea

Marine Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/0141-1136(96)00079-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 42 (1-4) ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gunilla Ericson ◽

Gun Åkerman ◽

Birgitta Liewenborg ◽

Lennart Balk

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Early Life ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

The Barents Sea

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From food-dependent statistics to metabolic parameters, a practical guide to the use of dynamic energy budget theory

Biological Reviews ◽

10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00053.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 533-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

S. A. L. M. Kooijman ◽

T. Sousa ◽

L. Pecquerie ◽

J. Van Der Meer ◽

T. Jager

Keyword(s):

Energy Budget ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Dynamic Energy Budget ◽

Practical Guide ◽

Dynamic Energy Budget Theory ◽

Budget Theory

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Reproductive strategy of a migratory fish stock: implications of spatial variations in natural mortality

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2015-0321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 1742-1749 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Øystein Langangen ◽

Geir Ottersen ◽

Lorenzo Ciannelli ◽

Frode B. Vikebø ◽

Leif Christian Stige

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Strategy ◽

Early Life ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Spatial Variations ◽

Fish Stock ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Survival And Growth

We investigate how the reproductive strategy in a migratory marine fish may be influenced by spatial variations in mortality in early life stages. In particular, we examine how spawning time and location affect offspring survival and growth. A drift model for early life stages (eggs to age 1) of the Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) is combined with empirical estimates of spatial variation in mortality at two different life stages. We examine seasonal and interannual differences in survival and growth in offspring originating from two spawning grounds, with the central site requiring higher migration distance, and hence cost, than the northern site. When accounting for spatially explicit mortality fields, central and northern spawned offspring have about equal survival, as do early and late spawned offspring. Furthermore, central spawned offspring grow faster and are likely to reach a larger size compared with northern spawned offspring. Our results indicate that the fitness benefit of southward migration in the Barents Sea cod is not mainly due to higher early survival of offspring, but rather due to effects of offspring acquiring a larger size.

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