Comparison of the polarization contrast of gelatinous zooplankton and a transparent single-use plastic bag—Implications for marine animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 112438
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Kagel ◽  
Missael Garcia ◽  
Molly E. Cummings ◽  
Viktor Gruev ◽  
Parrish C. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Polarization Contrast

scholarly journals Effectiveness of intervention on behaviour change against use of non-biodegradable plastic bags: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju ◽  
Teslin Maria Augustine ◽  
Stefan Volkmann ◽  
Usman Adetunji Oyebamiji ◽  
Sonia Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Biological Decomposition

AbstractThe devastating impacts that bio-degradable products such as plastic bags are having on human health, wildlife, and the environment is enormous, especially single-use once. Single-use plastics are non-biodegradable products and does not undergo biological decomposition nor degenerate. This review examines various government regulations targeted at changing behaviour against plastic bags consumption and their effectiveness. Following a rigorous search in 13 databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Nature, etc. only 17 peer-reviewed journal articles that are published between 2000 and 2019 and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Each study’s methodological quality was assessed using the GRADE system, and data were extracted using a uniquely designed form. The results revealed that regulations based solely on the thickness of plastic bags does not reduce plastic bags consumption. However, regulations focused on banning ‘single-use’ plastic bag usage, imposing higher taxes and levies on consumers, significantly reduce plastic bags consumption. Overall, the latter is considered the most effective. Also, the results show that attitude, perception and behaviour change toward bio-degradable products or climate-friendly behaviour can be significantly influenced by public policy or regulations. Although the behaviour seems short-lived in some countries, therefore further studies need to probe on why. Also, the absence of a national regulatory strategy in North America reduced the inclusion of studies from the region, hence need for more research focusing on sub-national regulations.

scholarly journals Single-use plastic bag policies in the Southern African development community

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 100029
Author(s):  
Joana Carlos Bezerra ◽  
Tony Robert Walker ◽  
C Andrea Clayton ◽  
Issahaku Adam
Keyword(s):  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
African Development ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use

scholarly journals Non-monetary intervention to discourage consumption of single-use plastic bags

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
GAURI CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽  
A Charge

Abstract The over-utilization of plastic bags has pushed governments to implement a mix of policy measures ranging from banning the bags altogether to charging a fee for them. However, these policies are often accompanied by unintended consequences. Paying for plastic bags, in particular, may crowd out the negative emotions tied to their harmful impact on the environment, and may be subject to a ‘rebound effect’. In a randomized controlled experiment, I tested four different treatments aimed at nudging or encouraging consumers to carry their own bag to the stores. Specifically, I tested the effects of changing the framing of the question regarding carrier bags at the checkout till in stores using a yes/no response format, in which the yes option corresponds to the desired behaviour. The treatment with the yes/no framing format was found to have as strong and significant an effect as a charge of 5 pence per bag on discouraging single-use plastic bag consumption.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN ZERO WASTE YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON GLOBAL AND MASSIVE INDONESIAN ZERO WASTE LIFESTYLE AND MOVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Maria Ardianti Kurnia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Global Activity

Plastic has become a massive problem globally since there is a large portion of the ocean contaminated with plastic waste. Plastic becomes a material that cannot be broken down by soil and takes years to be broken. Therefore, many people try to influence each other to adoptthe zero waste lifestyle as a concern to the Earth. Zero waste has become a global activity that always encourages the society to reduce single-use plastics. Using single-use plastics can be found in everyday life, such as when going shopping to the market, sometimes the sellers will give plastic bag to the buyers. Most of the time, the plastic bag is only used once tobe throwninto the trash can. This research uses qualitative method. The researcher analyzes through zero waste lifestyle videos and books as the primary sources of this analysis. The results of this research are first, the step to get started to become a “zero-waste lifestyler”, second, how to be the “zero waste lifestyler”, and third, how zero waste can give the global lifestyle movement in Bali, Indonesia as their primary program, Bye Bye Plastic Bags, as in June 2019, Bali becomes the first province in Indonesia to ban in using single-use plastics.Keywords: bye bye plastic bags, single-use plastic; zero waste lifestyle

scholarly journals Consumption of pelagic tunicates by cetaceans calves in the Mediterranean Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA FRAIJA-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ALFONSO A. RAMOS-ESPLÁ ◽  
MARÍA ÁNGELES RADUÁN ◽  
CARMEN BLANCO ◽  
JUAN ANTONIO RAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food

Gelatinous zooplankton, including jellyfish, ctenophores and pelagic tunicates, constitutes fragile marine animals that live in the water column, and represent an important resource for marine food webs through their seasonal pulses. Although there is scarce evidence on the occurrence of gelatinous zooplankton in stomach contents of apex, endothermic predators such as cetaceans, the ecological significance of such observations requires consideration. In this study, we report on the occurrence of pelagic tunicates in the stomach of three individual calves of two cetacean species from the western Mediterranean, and collate all previous reports of gelatinous zooplankton in cetacean diets. We then briefly discuss the possible dietary significance of these observations.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN EKSTENSIFIKASI BARANG KENA CUKAI TERHADAP PRODUK PLASTIK DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-305
Author(s):  
Ismi Rania Yolanda ◽  
Acwin Hendra Saputra
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: The increase in plastic consumption per capita in Indonesia by 17 kilograms per year and consumption growth reaching 6%-7% per year have re-ignited discussions about the plan to expand excisable goods on plastics. Previously in 2016 the government had discussed the imposition of excise on plastic consumption which had been approved by the House of Representatives. This study seeks to explore how the plastic excise tax collection scheme plan will be implemented in Indonesia and the extent to which the discussion process has been carried out. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach which is carried out by describing and interpreting the collected data and finds that the delay in implementing the plastic bag excise policy is caused by several factors, namely the misalignment of perspectives between internal government units and the unstable economic situation, especially due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is a challenge for the government to determine the right time and the next single-use plastic object that will be subject to excise. The government should also maintain accountability by continuously providing information on the amount of excise levy and its allocation, while still paying attention to the development of the national economic recovery and excise policies for plastic products to reduce the impact of negative externalities on single-use plastic consumption. Keywords: excisable goods, plastic excise, extensification, negative externalities, plastic bags ABSTRAK: Peningkatan konsumsi plastik per kapita di Indonesia sebesar 17 kilogram per tahun dan pertumbuhan konsumsi mencapai 6%-7% per tahun memantik kembali diskusi tentang rencana ekstensifikasi barang kena cukai atas plastik. Sebelumnya pada tahun 2016 pemerintah telah mewacanakan pengenaaan cukai konsumsi plastik yang telah disetujui oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Penelitian ini berusaha menggali kembali bagaimana rencana skema pemungutan cukai plastik yang akan diterapkan di Indonesia dan sejauh mana proses pembahasan yang sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan penggambaran dan penginterpretasian atas data yang terkumpul dan mendapati bahwa penundaan penerapan kebijakan cukai kantong plastik disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu ketidakselarasan perspektif antarunit internal pemerintah dan keadaan ekonomi yang belum stabil terutama karena dampak pandemi Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah dalam menentukan waktu yang tepat dan objek plastik sekali pakai selanjutnya yang akan dikenakan cukai. Pemerintah juga harus menjaga akuntabilitas dengan terus memberikan informasi besaran pungutan cukai dan peruntukannya, dengan tetap memperhatikan perkembangan pemulihan ekonomi nasional dan kebijakan cukai produk plastik untuk mengurangi dampak eksternalitas negatif atas konsumsi plastik sekali pakai. Kata Kunci: barang kena cukai, cukai plastik, ekstensifikasi, eksternalitas negatif, kantong plastik

scholarly journals The Effect of Attitude of FKM UMJ Students on The Use of Paid Plastic Bags in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-578
Author(s):  
Allan Bahya Zahran ◽  
Atika Sari ◽  
Almairah Nurfauziah ◽  
Denita Nur Anisya ◽  
Munaya Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Depth Interviews

Plastic, particularly plastic bags, is an object that cannot be separated from everyday life. Plastic bags can be used as a wrapper and to transport luggage or groceries, among other things. The use of plastic bags is out of control as a result of the practice of giving them out for free. As a result, better management is required to limit the usage of plastic bags, one of which is the establishment of a paid plastic bag policy. The goal of this study was to see how FKM UMJ students' opinions influenced their use of paid plastic bags in 2021. In June 2021, a qualitative investigation was done as part of this research. In-depth interviews and document reviews were used to acquire data. Purposive sampling was used to choose students from the FKM UMJ Class of 2019 as informants for this investigation. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that the influence of the attitude of FKM UMJ students towards the use of paid plastic bags is positive and supports government policies regarding this matter. So it's time for us to take wise steps in using single-use plastic bags.

scholarly journals Farmers Markets and Single-Use Plastic: Why Environmentally Conscious Consumers Don’t Bring Reusable Bags

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (Autumn 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hardy ◽  
Jill Bartolotta
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Lake County ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Education And Outreach

This study looks at the role of Extension in helping local officials reduce plastic bag use at farmers markets in three Lake County, OH communities. We distributed free reusable bags to shoppers and conducted an education and outreach program. We then took observations to determine if the free reusable bags were being used. We also invited shoppers to take a voluntary survey about their environmental attitudes, why or why not they use the reusable bags, and how best to reduce plastic bag use moving forward. Results from the study suggest that supplying free reusable bags at farmer markets is not an effective strategy for Extension professionals attempting to reduce plastic bag use. Instead, we recommend working with local officials to develop financial incentives and disincentives tied to the type of bag option shoppers use, implement plastic bag bans at markets, and conduct locally-focused education and outreach. Although shoppers’ environmental literacy and desire for sustainability is high, it is shown that behavior change is unlikely to occur without financial or policy incentives.

scholarly journals Single-use plastic packaging in the Canadian food industry: consumer behavior and perceptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony R. Walker ◽  
Eamonn McGuinty ◽  
Sylvain Charlebois ◽  
Janet Music
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use

AbstractSingle-use plastic food packaging is a major contributor to the global solid waste problem. Although the food industry is developing strategies to reduce single-use plastic packaging, it needs to better understand consumer awareness and attitudes about the issue. As consumer awareness about single-use plastic waste outpaces private sector practices, this study considered personal motivation factors, government policies, and innovative solutions related to single-use plastic food packaging. This Canada-wide study surveyed 1014 consumers and their willingness to pay premiums for sustainable food packaging alternatives and motivations to reduce single-use plastic waste. Overwhelmingly, most (93.7%) respondents were personally motivated to reduce consumption of single-use plastic food packaging. Canadians were highly motivated to reduce single-use plastic food packaging, but less willing to pay for sustainable alternatives. While environmental concerns were more critical than food safety, Canadians acknowledged that sustainable packaging alternatives were more desirable than outright plastic bag bans, despite not willing to pay for them. Using approaches that consider multiple driving factors on consumer behavior and opinions towards use of single-use plastic food packaging, limitations, recommendations and future research are proposed.

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