scholarly journals Effectiveness of intervention on behaviour change against use of non-biodegradable plastic bags: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju ◽  
Teslin Maria Augustine ◽  
Stefan Volkmann ◽  
Usman Adetunji Oyebamiji ◽  
Sonia Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Biological Decomposition

AbstractThe devastating impacts that bio-degradable products such as plastic bags are having on human health, wildlife, and the environment is enormous, especially single-use once. Single-use plastics are non-biodegradable products and does not undergo biological decomposition nor degenerate. This review examines various government regulations targeted at changing behaviour against plastic bags consumption and their effectiveness. Following a rigorous search in 13 databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Nature, etc. only 17 peer-reviewed journal articles that are published between 2000 and 2019 and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Each study’s methodological quality was assessed using the GRADE system, and data were extracted using a uniquely designed form. The results revealed that regulations based solely on the thickness of plastic bags does not reduce plastic bags consumption. However, regulations focused on banning ‘single-use’ plastic bag usage, imposing higher taxes and levies on consumers, significantly reduce plastic bags consumption. Overall, the latter is considered the most effective. Also, the results show that attitude, perception and behaviour change toward bio-degradable products or climate-friendly behaviour can be significantly influenced by public policy or regulations. Although the behaviour seems short-lived in some countries, therefore further studies need to probe on why. Also, the absence of a national regulatory strategy in North America reduced the inclusion of studies from the region, hence need for more research focusing on sub-national regulations.

scholarly journals Non-monetary intervention to discourage consumption of single-use plastic bags

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
GAURI CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽  
A Charge

Abstract The over-utilization of plastic bags has pushed governments to implement a mix of policy measures ranging from banning the bags altogether to charging a fee for them. However, these policies are often accompanied by unintended consequences. Paying for plastic bags, in particular, may crowd out the negative emotions tied to their harmful impact on the environment, and may be subject to a ‘rebound effect’. In a randomized controlled experiment, I tested four different treatments aimed at nudging or encouraging consumers to carry their own bag to the stores. Specifically, I tested the effects of changing the framing of the question regarding carrier bags at the checkout till in stores using a yes/no response format, in which the yes option corresponds to the desired behaviour. The treatment with the yes/no framing format was found to have as strong and significant an effect as a charge of 5 pence per bag on discouraging single-use plastic bag consumption.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN ZERO WASTE YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON GLOBAL AND MASSIVE INDONESIAN ZERO WASTE LIFESTYLE AND MOVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Maria Ardianti Kurnia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Global Activity

Plastic has become a massive problem globally since there is a large portion of the ocean contaminated with plastic waste. Plastic becomes a material that cannot be broken down by soil and takes years to be broken. Therefore, many people try to influence each other to adoptthe zero waste lifestyle as a concern to the Earth. Zero waste has become a global activity that always encourages the society to reduce single-use plastics. Using single-use plastics can be found in everyday life, such as when going shopping to the market, sometimes the sellers will give plastic bag to the buyers. Most of the time, the plastic bag is only used once tobe throwninto the trash can. This research uses qualitative method. The researcher analyzes through zero waste lifestyle videos and books as the primary sources of this analysis. The results of this research are first, the step to get started to become a “zero-waste lifestyler”, second, how to be the “zero waste lifestyler”, and third, how zero waste can give the global lifestyle movement in Bali, Indonesia as their primary program, Bye Bye Plastic Bags, as in June 2019, Bali becomes the first province in Indonesia to ban in using single-use plastics.Keywords: bye bye plastic bags, single-use plastic; zero waste lifestyle

scholarly journals PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN EKSTENSIFIKASI BARANG KENA CUKAI TERHADAP PRODUK PLASTIK DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-305
Author(s):  
Ismi Rania Yolanda ◽  
Acwin Hendra Saputra
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: The increase in plastic consumption per capita in Indonesia by 17 kilograms per year and consumption growth reaching 6%-7% per year have re-ignited discussions about the plan to expand excisable goods on plastics. Previously in 2016 the government had discussed the imposition of excise on plastic consumption which had been approved by the House of Representatives. This study seeks to explore how the plastic excise tax collection scheme plan will be implemented in Indonesia and the extent to which the discussion process has been carried out. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach which is carried out by describing and interpreting the collected data and finds that the delay in implementing the plastic bag excise policy is caused by several factors, namely the misalignment of perspectives between internal government units and the unstable economic situation, especially due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is a challenge for the government to determine the right time and the next single-use plastic object that will be subject to excise. The government should also maintain accountability by continuously providing information on the amount of excise levy and its allocation, while still paying attention to the development of the national economic recovery and excise policies for plastic products to reduce the impact of negative externalities on single-use plastic consumption. Keywords: excisable goods, plastic excise, extensification, negative externalities, plastic bags ABSTRAK: Peningkatan konsumsi plastik per kapita di Indonesia sebesar 17 kilogram per tahun dan pertumbuhan konsumsi mencapai 6%-7% per tahun memantik kembali diskusi tentang rencana ekstensifikasi barang kena cukai atas plastik. Sebelumnya pada tahun 2016 pemerintah telah mewacanakan pengenaaan cukai konsumsi plastik yang telah disetujui oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Penelitian ini berusaha menggali kembali bagaimana rencana skema pemungutan cukai plastik yang akan diterapkan di Indonesia dan sejauh mana proses pembahasan yang sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan penggambaran dan penginterpretasian atas data yang terkumpul dan mendapati bahwa penundaan penerapan kebijakan cukai kantong plastik disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu ketidakselarasan perspektif antarunit internal pemerintah dan keadaan ekonomi yang belum stabil terutama karena dampak pandemi Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah dalam menentukan waktu yang tepat dan objek plastik sekali pakai selanjutnya yang akan dikenakan cukai. Pemerintah juga harus menjaga akuntabilitas dengan terus memberikan informasi besaran pungutan cukai dan peruntukannya, dengan tetap memperhatikan perkembangan pemulihan ekonomi nasional dan kebijakan cukai produk plastik untuk mengurangi dampak eksternalitas negatif atas konsumsi plastik sekali pakai. Kata Kunci: barang kena cukai, cukai plastik, ekstensifikasi, eksternalitas negatif, kantong plastik

scholarly journals The Effect of Attitude of FKM UMJ Students on The Use of Paid Plastic Bags in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-578
Author(s):  
Allan Bahya Zahran ◽  
Atika Sari ◽  
Almairah Nurfauziah ◽  
Denita Nur Anisya ◽  
Munaya Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Depth Interviews

Plastic, particularly plastic bags, is an object that cannot be separated from everyday life. Plastic bags can be used as a wrapper and to transport luggage or groceries, among other things. The use of plastic bags is out of control as a result of the practice of giving them out for free. As a result, better management is required to limit the usage of plastic bags, one of which is the establishment of a paid plastic bag policy. The goal of this study was to see how FKM UMJ students' opinions influenced their use of paid plastic bags in 2021. In June 2021, a qualitative investigation was done as part of this research. In-depth interviews and document reviews were used to acquire data. Purposive sampling was used to choose students from the FKM UMJ Class of 2019 as informants for this investigation. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that the influence of the attitude of FKM UMJ students towards the use of paid plastic bags is positive and supports government policies regarding this matter. So it's time for us to take wise steps in using single-use plastic bags.

The Effect of Regulations on Using Disposable Plastic in Community and Tourism Behaviors in Denpasar, Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Arik Agustina ◽  
Ni Putu Isha Aprinica
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
General Public ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
The People ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Disposable Plastic

Plastic waste have been a problem for the sustainability of tourism, especially Bali. Efforts to reduce plastic waste have been carried out by the government, such as the issuance of Denpasar Mayor Regulation Number 36 of 2018 and then followed by Bali Governor Regulation Number 97 of 2018. This paper aims to find out the opinions and changes in behavior of Balinese people, especially in Denpasar City after the enactment of the Denpasar Mayor Regulation and the Bali Governor Regulation about plastic waste. Data collection carried out through questionnaires distributed to tourists, students (tourism department), traders, the general public, and Lecturer. The result is everyone is aware of the government regulation on limiting single-use plastic bags, but some residents only know about the existence of government regulations without knowing where the regulations came from. Most of the people agree with the policy, but there are also people who disagree because the use of plastic bags is more efficient, however. This policy has led people to cultivate bringing their shopping bags.

scholarly journals Overview of Legal and Policy Framework Approaches for Plastic Bag Waste Management in African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Brian Nyathi ◽  
Chamunorwa Aloius Togo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Effectiveness Data

Plastic bag waste is a major challenge in several African countries. As a way of reducing the detrimental effects posed by plastic bags, governments have adopted various approaches for plastic bag waste management that include levies, bans and or the combination of the two. Despite the adoption of anti-plastic bag policies in several African countries, there has been limited investigation regarding their effectiveness. Thus, the present paper reviews the effectiveness of legal and policy framework approaches for plastic bag waste management in African countries. This systematic review covers legal and policy framework approaches for plastic bag waste management in African countries since 2004 with a view to find their effectiveness. Data sources included peer-reviewed journal articles, websites, books, reports, and dissertations. The databases from which literature was retrieved included Elsevier, Taylor, Springer, institutional repository, and Google Scholar. The current paper argues that poorly enforced plastic bag legislation, resistance from stakeholders, and limited effective substitutes are major factors hindering effective plastic bag waste management in Africa. A six-step model developed by Patton and Sawicki assisted in evaluating plastic bag policies in varied African nations. The study concluded that the key to effective legislation is hinged on consistent enforcement and educating the public to attain environmental buy-in. African countries should adopt and implement the Patton and Sawicki six-step rationalist model to achieve effective plastic bag legislation. African governments should enlighten consumers about other alternatives that are more specific to African countries, especially bags made of raffia and leaves. The findings are limited in that there may be other relevant articles (beyond published articles) about policy and legal approaches for plastic bag waste management, which are not available in the public domain. Therefore, data reviewed may not be exhaustible.

scholarly journals Psychological and Demographic Predictors of Plastic Bag Consumption in Transaction Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Ellen Lavelle-Hill ◽  
Gavin Smith ◽  
Peter Bibby ◽  
David Clarke ◽  
James Goulding
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
High Street ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Uk

Despite the success of plastic bag charges in the UK, there are still around a billion single-use plastic bags bought each year in England alone, and the government have made plans to increase the levy from 5 to 10 pence. Previous research has identified motivations for bringing personal bags to a supermarket, but little is known about the individuals who are continuing to frequently purchase single-use plastic bags after the levy. In this study, over a million loyalty card transaction records from a high-street health and beauty retailer were harnessed to study 12,968 individuals' bag buying behaviour (analysed using descriptive statistics). Statistical regional differences in plastic bag buying throughout the UK occurred. From the transaction data 2,326 frequent single-use plastic bag buyers were identified and matched randomly to infrequent buyers, creating a balanced sub-sample which was used for predictive modelling (N=4,652). For each individual in the modelling sample, their transaction data was matched to questionnaire responses measuring demographics, shopping motivations, and individual differences. Using this data, an exploratory machine learning approach was utilised to investigate the demographic and psychological predictors of frequent plastic bag consumption. It was found that frequent bag buyers spent more money in store, were younger, more likely to be male, less frugal, open to new experiences, and more displeased with their appearance (compared with infrequent bag buyers). Interestingly, environmental concerns did not predict plastic bag consumption, highlighting the disconnect between predicting pro-environmental attitudes and real world environmental behaviour.

scholarly journals War against plastic, a genuine commitment of Denpasar City in prevailing Tri Hita Karana concept

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Komang Surya Werdiyasa
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Government

On the first day of 2019, Government of Denpasar City, Bali, published a new regulation, namely Mayor Regulation No. 36/2018 (Perwali No. 36 Tahun 2018) to minimize the usage of plastic, as single used shopping Bags in Denpasar City. The regulation has been active since January 1, 2019. Plastic has become part of modern days civilization. Various industries apply the usage of plastic, due to its durability, lightweight and easy to afford. However, beyond all the convenience it offers, turns out a terrible fact awaits; a hazardous plastic waste that impossible to decompose naturally. Plastic is classified into seven types according to its composition, they are Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS) and the ‘O.’ Plastic is recyclable, nevertheless, it mostly ended in the ocean, due to the finite availability of plastic recycler in Indonesia, as well as low social awareness in keeping the environment clean. Mayor Regulation No.36/2018 is an effort of Denpasar city to minimize single-use plastic bag. The Government through the local regulation suggests shopping centers and modern stores provide environmental-friendly alternative bags with biodegradable standard or permanent bags that can be used repeatedly, to reduce society’s dependence on using single-use plastic bags when shopping. The regulation is a clear example of Denpasar City in preserving the environment based on the philosophical foundation of the concept of Tri Hita Karana. It is a Balinese concept to maintain harmonious relationships between humans to God, among humankind, as well as human and their environment.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES FACING INSURANCE BROKERS IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Ben Kajwang
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Government Influence ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Lead Generation

Purpose: The insurance industry, like other industries, has faced obstacles that have threatened its productivity, profitability, and capacity to compete against its rivals. The objective of this study to identify and discuss the challenges facing insurance brokers in Kenya. The aim of this work is to enable the readers understand the various challenges facing insurance brokers and their impact on the insurance industry. Methodology: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. Relevant seminal references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old. Findings: The study concluded that customer experience & satisfaction, workflow inefficiency, uncertainties in the market, unfavorable government regulation, cybersecurity risk and lead generation are some of the challenges that affect insurance brokers in Kenya. These challenges have greatly been influenced by the ever-changing technology that has revolutionized the workforce labour and business activities generally in all organizations and government influence on the regulations set by the Insurance Regulatory Authority. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore recommended that insurance brokers should embrace the use of well-developed digital services that will enable them service their customers efficiently and meet their needs while the Insurance Regulatory Authority should come up with strategies that will help mitigate the unfavorable government regulations that affect insurance brokers.

scholarly journals Citizen's Response to a State's Environmental Management through Enforcement of Ban

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 820-827
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Awareness ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Government

Single use plastic bags have been banned by many countries, states and cities globally in an attempt to curb the massive impact of plastics on the environment. Plastic bag litter can clog drainage systems and result in those systems failing and flooding breaking out, which can result in damage. This litter is also a serious threat to animals and their habitats. Tamil Nadu, on January 1, 2019, became the fourth state in India to implement a ban on single-use plastics. Maharashtra was the first do it on March 23, 2018, Telangana followed the feat in June and Himachal Pradesh in July. This paper tries to bring the opinion of 150 sample respondents from Tirunelveli District on the awareness and response of Plastic usage and avoidance. The researcher used Trend analysis, t test, means, ANOVA, Rotated Factor Analysis, transformation matrix and Confirmatory Factor Analysis after the completion of suitable reliability test. This study brings to light the steps taken by the Government of Tamilnadu to reduce the usage of plastics and the opinion of the sample respondents regarding the ban of plastics. The study reveals that there is considerable improvement in the steps taken in the reduction of plastics in different zones. The opinion of the sample respondents in respect to the ban of plastics is highly significant in different dimensions such as personal, awareness, environmental and the availability of substitutes. The model framed is fit as per confirmatory factor analysis. Hence it is concluded that wider spread of awareness on environmental protection along with the introduction of proper substitutes for the plastics will wipe away the usage of plastics among the public and thereby the environment will be protected for a better tomorrow.

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