Preparation of poly (vinyl alcohol)/ionic liquid composites with improved processability and electrical conductivity for fused deposition modeling

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) filled with 6 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets was extruded in filaments and additively manufactured via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) in the frequency range between 8.2 and 12.4 GHz of the resulting 3D samples were assessed. For comparison purposes, compression molded samples of the same composition were investigated. Electrical conductivity of about 10−4 S·cm−1 and attenuations of the incident EM wave near 99.9% were achieved for the 3D components loaded with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, almost similar to the correspondent compression molded samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of ABS composite filaments show that graphene nanoplatelets were oriented along the polymer flow whereas multi-walled carbon nanotubes were randomly distributed after the extrusion process. The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of compression molded and FDM manufactured samples were compared and discussed in terms of type of fillers and processing parameters adopted in the FDM process, such as building directions and printing patterns. In view of the experimental findings, the role of the FDM processing parameters were found to play a major role in the development of components with enhanced EMI shielding efficiency.

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How to Obtain the Maximum Properties Flexibility of 3D Printed Ketoprofen Tablets Using Only One Drug-Loaded Filament?

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3106

Author(s):

Jolanta Pyteraf ◽

Witold Jamróz ◽

Mateusz Kurek ◽

Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny ◽

Daniel Kramarczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Structure ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Drug Dosage ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Single Filament ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

3D Printed

The flexibility of dose and dosage forms makes 3D printing a very interesting tool for personalized medicine, with fused deposition modeling being the most promising and intensively developed method. In our research, we analyzed how various types of disintegrants and drug loading in poly(vinyl alcohol)-based filaments affect their mechanical properties and printability. We also assessed the effect of drug dosage and tablet spatial structure on the dissolution profiles. Given that the development of a method that allows the production of dosage forms with different properties from a single drug-loaded filament is desirable, we developed a method of printing ketoprofen tablets with different dose and dissolution profiles from a single feedstock filament. We optimized the filament preparation by hot-melt extrusion and characterized them. Then, we printed single, bi-, and tri-layer tablets varying with dose, infill density, internal structure, and composition. We analyzed the reproducibility of a spatial structure, phase, and degree of molecular order of ketoprofen in the tablets, and the dissolution profiles. We have printed tablets with immediate- and sustained-release characteristics using one drug-loaded filament, which demonstrates that a single filament can serve as a versatile source for the manufacturing of tablets exhibiting various release characteristics.

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Study of the Wear Resistance of Conductive Poly Lactic Acid Monofilament 3D Printed onto Polyethylene Terephthalate Woven Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13102334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2334

Author(s):

Prisca Aude Eutionnat-Diffo ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Jinping Guan ◽

Aurelie Cayla ◽

Christine Campagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

3D Printing ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

3D Printed

Wear resistance of conductive Poly Lactic Acid monofilament 3D printed onto textiles, through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process and their electrical conductivity after abrasion are important to consider in the development of smart textiles with preserved mechanical and electrical properties. The study aims at investigating the weight loss after abrasion and end point of such materials, understanding the influence of the textile properties and 3D printing process parameters and studying the impact of the abrasion process on the electrical conductivity property of the 3D printed conductive polymers onto textiles. The effects of the 3D printing process and the printing parameters on the structural properties of textiles, such as the thickness of the conductive Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) 3D printed onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile and the average pore sizes of its surface are also investigated. Findings demonstrate that the textile properties, such as the pattern and the process settings, for instance, the printing bed temperature, impact significantly the abrasion resistance of 3D printed conductive Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) onto PET woven textiles. Due to the higher capacity of the surface structure and stronger fiber-to-fiber cohesion, the 3D printed conductive polymer deposited onto textiles through Fused Deposition Modeling process have a higher abrasion resistance and lower weight loss after abrasion compared to the original fabrics. After printing the mean pore size, localized at the surface of the 3D-printed PLA onto PET textiles, is five to eight times smaller than the one of the pores localized at the surface of the PET fabrics prior to 3D printing. Finally, the abrasion process did considerably impact the electrical conductivity of 3D printed conductive PLA onto PET fabric.

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Electrically Conductive Polyetheretherketone Nanocomposite Filaments: From Production to Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10080925 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 925 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jordana Gonçalves ◽

Patrícia Lima ◽

Beate Krause ◽

Petra Pötschke ◽

Ugo Lafont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Thermal Relaxation ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling

The present work reports the production and characterization of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposite filaments incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphite nanoplates (GnP), electrically conductive and suitable for fused deposition modeling (FDM) processing. The nanocomposites were manufactured by melt mixing and those presenting electrical conductivity near 10 S/m were selected for the production of filaments for FDM. The extruded filaments were characterized for mechanical and thermal conductivity, polymer crystallinity, thermal relaxation, nanoparticle dispersion, thermoelectric effect, and coefficient of friction. They presented electrical conductivity in the range of 1.5 to 13.1 S/m, as well as good mechanical performance and higher thermal conductivity compared to PEEK. The addition of GnP improved the composites’ melt processability, maintained the electrical conductivity at target level, and reduced the coefficient of friction by up to 60%. Finally, three-dimensional (3D) printed test specimens were produced, showing a Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength comparable to those of the filaments, but a lower strain at break and electrical conductivity. This was attributed to the presence of large voids in the part, revealing the need for 3D printing parameter optimization. Finally, filament production was up-scaled to kilogram scale maintaining the properties of the research-scale filaments.

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