Toward accurate evaluation of bulk hardness from nanoindentation testing at low indent depths

AbstractFrom the present study, vanadium additions up to 6.4% were added to a 14%Cr-3%C white iron, and the effect on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analysed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand moulds to obtain bars of 18, 25, and 37 mm thickness. The alloys were characterized by optical and electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900°C for 45 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under a load of 60 N for 1500 m. The results show that, vanadium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming primary vanadium carbides; thus, decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 20% for the iron with 6.4%V;but overall CVF content (M7C3 + VC) is constant at 30%. Wear behaviour was better for the heat-treated alloys and mainly for the 6.4%V iron. Such a behaviour is discussed in terms of the CVF, the amount of vanadium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

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accuRate Evaluation of Benefit With Optimal Medical Treatment With or With-Out Transcatheter Valve Repair of PARADOXical Low Flow Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis - REBOOT-PARADOX

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03863132 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Low Flow ◽

Valve Repair ◽

Accurate Evaluation ◽

Transcatheter Valve

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Proximity Effect Aware Detailed Placement in Electron Beam Lithography

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201823204046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 232 ◽

pp. 04046

Author(s):

Yuhang Chen ◽

Zhipeng Huang ◽

Xiongfeng Chen ◽

Jianli Chen ◽

Wenxing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Objective Function ◽

Proximity Effect ◽

Electron Beam Lithography ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Accurate Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Scheme ◽

Gauss Transform ◽

Detailed Placement

Proximity effect is one of the most tremendous consequences that produces unacceptable exposures during electron beam lithography (EBL), and thus distorting the layout pattern. In this paper, we propose the first work which considers the proximity effect during layout stage. We first give an accurate evaluation scheme to estimate the proximity effect by fast Gauss transform. Then, we devote a proximity effect aware detailed placement objective function to simultaneously consider wirelength, density and proximity effect. Furthermore, cell swapping and cell matching based methods are used to optimize the objective function such that there is no overlap among cells. Compared with a state-of-the-art work, experimental result shows that our algorithm can efficiently reduce the proximity variations and maintain high wirelength quality at a reasonable runtime.

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Accurate Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses by the Triple Test Score

Archives of Surgery ◽

10.1001/archsurg.133.9.930 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 133 (9) ◽

pp. 930 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Arden Morris

Keyword(s):

Test Score ◽

Breast Masses ◽

Accurate Evaluation ◽

Triple Test ◽

Palpable Breast

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Neonatal tolerance induction enables accurate evaluation of gene therapy for MPS I in a canine model

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.06.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 119 (1-2) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christian Hinderer ◽

Peter Bell ◽

Jean-Pierre Louboutin ◽

Nathan Katz ◽

Yanqing Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Tolerance Induction ◽

Canine Model ◽

Accurate Evaluation ◽

Mps I

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RESEARCH INTO THE METHODS OF ANALYSING THE PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT TERMINALS

Transport ◽

10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.192-199 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 192-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilona Jaržemskienė

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Accurate Evaluation ◽

Feasible Alternative ◽

Productivity Indicators ◽

Insight Into ◽

Regressive Analysis

The measurement of terminal productivity is the issue of extreme importance to both terminal owners and management and customers. As the sector of transport is highly intensive in terms of investments into the infrastructure, the productivity of a terminal may play a crucial role in competing with other terminals. Productivity is defined in terms of inputs and output. The majority of the available studies, wherein this issue is addressed, are generally focused on the determination of functional dependence between inputs and output using the method of regressive analysis. The present article provides an insight into the Data Envelopment Analysis method as a tool for measuring productivity. This technique enables a rather accurate evaluation of terminal productivity by means of comparative analysis, which, in fact, appears to be the only feasible alternative in cases where statistic data required for performing regressive analysis is lacking.

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Effects of medications and laser on induced tooth movement and associated root resorption: four key points

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000200003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 4-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Consolaro

Keyword(s):

Laser Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Control Groups ◽

Accurate Evaluation ◽

Key Points ◽

Test Treatment

The following four fundamental points on the use of experimental models will be described to ensure an accurate evaluation of the effects of medication and laser therapy on induced tooth movement and associated root resorption: (1) If the objective is to check the effect on root resorption, the forces experimentally applied must produce a lesion on the cementoblast layer in all specimens; (2) If the objective is to optimize induced tooth movement and reduce treatment time without side effects, the forces experimentally applied should not produce a lesion in the cementoblast layer in any specimen; (3) The laser therapy operator, the person administering medication and the person that places appliances should not know which animals will effectively receive the test treatment, and the control groups should receive placebo treatments; (4) CT and microscopic analysis of the specimens should be random, and the group to which the specimen belongs should not be identified to ensure that the person reading images and the pathologists are not influenced in their evaluation of phenomena. These measures will ensure that results are more reliable and easier to extrapolate to orthodontic clinical practice.

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