Microstructure evolution induced by the intrinsic heat treatment occurring during wire-arc additive manufacturing of an Al-Mg-Zn-Cu crossover alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 130500
Author(s):  
Thomas Klein ◽  
Gloria Graf ◽  
Peter Staron ◽  
Andreas Stark ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

scholarly journals Characterisation of a High-Performance Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy Designed for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo J. Morais ◽  
Bianca Gomes ◽  
Pedro Santos ◽  
Manuel Gomes ◽  
Rudolf Gradinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Ever-increasing demands of industrial manufacturing regarding mechanical properties require the development of novel alloys designed towards the respective manufacturing process. Here, we consider wire arc additive manufacturing. To this end, Al alloys with additions of Zn, Mg and Cu have been designed considering the requirements of good mechanical properties and limited hot cracking susceptibility. The samples were produced using the cold metal transfer pulse advanced (CMT-PADV) technique, known for its ability to produce lower porosity parts with smaller grain size. After material simulations to determine the optimal heat treatment, the samples were solution heat treated, quenched and aged to enhance their mechanical performance. Chemical analysis, mechanical properties and microstructure evolution were evaluated using optical light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray radiography, as well as tensile, fatigue and hardness tests. The objective of this research was to evaluate in detail the mechanical properties and microstructure of the newly designed high-performance Al–Zn-based alloy before and after ageing heat treatment. The only defects found in the parts built under optimised conditions were small dispersed porosities, without any visible cracks or lack of fusion. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are superior to those of commercial 7xxx alloys and remarkably independent of the testing direction (parallel or perpendicular to the deposit beads). The presented analyses are very promising regarding additive manufacturing of high-strength aluminium alloys.

Preliminary Investigation into the Suitability of 2xxx Alloys for Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fixter ◽  
J. Gu ◽  
J. Ding ◽  
Stewart W. Williams ◽  
Philip B. Prangnell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Size Refinement ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Deformation By Rolling ◽  
Manufacturing Modelling

An investigation has been performed into the compatibility of aluminum alloys used in the aerospace industry with Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing. Modelling and preliminary experimental trials have been performed to show that it is viable to use Al-Cu-Mg alloys, like 2024, without solidification cracking. A relatively fine and texture free grain structure was obtained in the as-deposited WAAM material and the addition of inter-pass deformation, by rolling each added layer, led to further grain size refinement. With adequate control of porosity and subsequent heat treatment, the WAAM material was found to have tensile properties comparable to that of standard wrought products.

scholarly journals Influence of wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V on microstructure and mechanical properties for potential large-scale aviation parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 03037
Author(s):  
D. Elitzer ◽  
H.W. Höppel ◽  
M. Göken ◽  
D. Baier ◽  
C. Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

As one of the most common Titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4V faces new challenges concerning the ecological footprint. Due to the current processes, a high metal chip pollution leads to a Buy-to-Fly of 25:1. In this study the parameter / microstructure relationship of Ti-64 on the mechanical properties are discussed. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) was applied to build samples for microstructural analyses and compression tests. A stress relief (SR) and a solution treatment and annealing (STA) was performed. It was found that SR had no influence on multi-layered samples due to intrinsic heat-treatment. A STA heat-treatment led to a reduction in the mechanical strength. Helium as process gas resulted in an increased mechanical strength due to higher heat capacity compared to argon.

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