Enhanced Quality Factor of Polyvinyl formal (PVF) Based Nanocomposites Filled with Zinc Oxide and Carbon Black Nanoparticles for Wireless Sensing Applications

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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In vitro and ex vivo toxicity screening for predicting toxicological effects of synthetic carbon black nanoparticles in humans

Pneumologie ◽

10.1055/s-0033-1357065 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T Hansen ◽

J Kopf ◽

O Danov ◽

M Ströbele ◽

A Braun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Toxicity Screening ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Carbon Black Nanoparticles

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NanoCOLT-Modulatory effects of modified carbon black nanoparticles in a mouse model of allergic asthma

Pneumologie ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1584384 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (07) ◽

Author(s):

S Webering ◽

H Fehrenbach

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Carbon Black Nanoparticles

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Temperature Characteristics of a Contour Mode MEMS AlN Piezoelectric Ring Resonator on SOI Substrate

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12020143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Sitao Fei ◽

Hao Ren

Keyword(s):

Quality Factor ◽

Bottom Electrode ◽

Temperature Stability ◽

Cryogenic Cooling ◽

Silicon On Insulator ◽

Temperature Hysteresis ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Doped Silicon ◽

Heavily Doped ◽

Contour Mode

As a result of their IC compatibility, high acoustic velocity, and high thermal conductivity, aluminum nitride (AlN) resonators have been studied extensively over the past two decades, and widely implemented for radio frequency (RF) and sensing applications. However, the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of AlN is −25 ppm/°C, which is high and limits its RF and sensing application. In contrast, the TCF of heavily doped silicon is significantly lower than the TCF of AlN. As a result, this study uses an AlN contour mode ring type resonator with heavily doped silicon as its bottom electrode in order to reduce the TCF of an AlN resonator. A simple microfabrication process based on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) is presented. A thickness ratio of 20:1 was chosen for the silicon bottom electrode to the AlN layer in order to make the TCF of the resonator mainly dependent upon heavily doped silicon. A cryogenic cooling test down to 77 K and heating test up to 400 K showed that the resonant frequency of the AlN resonator changed linearly with temperature change; the TCF was shown to be −9.1 ppm/°C. The temperature hysteresis characteristic of the resonator was also measured, and the AlN resonator showed excellent temperature stability. The quality factor versus temperature characteristic was also studied between 77 K and 400 K. It was found that lower temperature resulted in a higher quality factor, and the quality factor increased by 56.43%, from 1291.4 at 300 K to 2020.2 at 77 K.

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Ionic Crosslinking of Carboxylated SBR

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538174 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 942-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kyosaku Sato

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Ion Clusters ◽

Ionic Crosslinking ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Ionic Bonds ◽

Tan Δ ◽

And Shifts ◽

Ionic Crosslinks

Abstract 1. Ionic bonding of carboxylated SBR with zinc oxide is detectable by means of measurements of the temperature dependence of tan δ. There is an α peak in the region of 60°C at 3.5 Hz. The position and shape of the α peak are strongly dependent on the state of cure of the vulcanizates. Without permanent crosslinking, the α peak is a plateau; as the crosslink density increases, the α peak becomes sharper and shifts to lower temperatures. The presence of carbon black causes the α peak to shift to higher temperatures, regardless of the presence of permanent crosslinks. 2. Ionic bonds in carboxylated SBR reacted with zinc oxide are in the form of ion clusters which function as crosslinks at room temperature. The ionic crosslinks provide carboxylated SBR with high tensile strength in the absence of reinforcing fillers. The presence of carbon black causes the 300% modulus to increase. The ionic crosslinks are labile, and the strength is lost at moderately elevated temperatures. A mixed cure system consisting of both sulfur and zinc oxide provides higher heat resistance than either of the single cure systems.

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