Process and analysis with demographic methodological refinement of bus body industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 3549-3557
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Annamalai ◽  
Bagathsingh Nagarajan ◽  
H. Vinoth Kumar ◽  
S. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Bus Body ◽  
Methodological Refinement

scholarly journals Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4384
Author(s):  
Hanhee Kim ◽  
Niklas Hartmann ◽  
Maxime Zeller ◽  
Renato Luise ◽  
Tamer Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Bus Body

This paper shows the results of an in-depth techno-economic analysis of the public transport sector in a small to midsize city and its surrounding area. Public battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses are comparatively evaluated by means of a total cost of ownership (TCO) model building on historical data and a projection of market prices. Additionally, a structural analysis of the public transport system of a specific city is performed, assessing best fitting bus lines for the use of electric or hydrogen busses, which is supported by a brief acceptance evaluation of the local citizens. The TCO results for electric buses show a strong cost decrease until the year 2030, reaching 23.5% lower TCOs compared to the conventional diesel bus. The optimal electric bus charging system will be the opportunity (pantograph) charging infrastructure. However, the opportunity charging method is applicable under the assumption that several buses share the same station and there is a “hotspot” where as many as possible bus lines converge. In the case of electric buses for the year 2020, the parameter which influenced the most on the TCO was the battery cost, opposite to the year 2030 in where the bus body cost and fuel cost parameters are the ones that dominate the TCO, due to the learning rate of the batteries. For H2 buses, finding a hotspot is not crucial because they have a similar range to the diesel ones as well as a similar refueling time. H2 buses until 2030 still have 15.4% higher TCO than the diesel bus system. Considering the benefits of a hypothetical scaling-up effect of hydrogen infrastructures in the region, the hydrogen cost could drop to 5 €/kg. In this case, the overall TCO of the hydrogen solution would drop to a slightly lower TCO than the diesel solution in 2030. Therefore, hydrogen buses can be competitive in small to midsize cities, even with limited routes. For hydrogen buses, the bus body and fuel cost make up a large part of the TCO. Reducing the fuel cost will be an important aspect to reduce the total TCO of the hydrogen bus.

Electric Bus Body Lightweight Design Based on Multiple Constrains

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 3137-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wei Wang ◽  
Cheng Jun Zhou ◽  
Cheng Lin ◽  
Jiao Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
The Finite Element Model ◽  
Torsion Condition

The finite-element model of pure electric bus has been built and the free model analysis, displacement and stress analysis under bending condition and torsion condition have been conducted. Optimally design the pure electric bus frame based on multiple constrains. Reduce the body frame quality by 4.3% and meanwhile meet the modal and stress requirements.

Developing the Methodology for an Applied, Interdisciplinary Research Project: Documenting the Journey Toward Philosophical Clarity

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loene M. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
Logic Of Inquiry ◽  
Methodological Refinement

Methodologists have urged researchers who use mixed methods to justify their methodological choices and provide greater clarity about the philosophical underpinnings and implications of their approaches. This article outlines the reasoning process undertaken in an endeavor to develop philosophical clarity for an applied, interdisciplinary, mixed methods research project about the communication of scientific evidence in the legal system. I used Greene’s domains of methodology for social inquiry as a framework for addressing reflexive questions about assumptions. Flowing from the domains of values and philosophies, the logic of inquiry was developed before the implications for the integration of findings and reporting of research were outlined. Early engagement in reflexive questioning provided a foundation for methodological refinement throughout the ongoing research journey.

Modal Analysis on Bus Body Frame Based on I-DEAS Software

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 865-868
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Bus Body

The author sets up the FEA modal of a bus body using the I-DEAS software and applies load.After solution,the athor gets the frame’s former ten natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration shapes.This can supply the important theoretical basis in analysis and calculation and in improving the design of the bus body.

Experimental and numerical study on the crashworthiness evaluation of an intercity coach under frontal impact conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (13) ◽  
pp. 3026-3041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Güler ◽  
Muhammed Emin Cerit ◽  
Sinem Kocaoglan Mert ◽  
Erdem Acar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Bus Structure ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

In this study, the energy absorption capacity of a front body of a bus during a frontal crash was investigated. The strength of the bus structure was examined by considering the ECE-R29 European regulation requirements. The nonlinear explicit finite element code LS-DYNA was used for the crash analyses. First, the baseline bus structures without any improvements were analyzed and the weak parts of the front end structure of the bus body were examined. Experimental tests are conducted to validate the finite element model. In the second stage, the bus structure was redesigned in order to strengthen the frontal body. Finally, the redesigned bus structure was compared with the baseline model to meet the requirements for ECE-R29. In addition to the redesign performed on the body, energy absorption capacity was increased by additional energy absorbers employed in the front of bus structure. This study experimentally and numerically investigated the energy absorption characteristics of a steering wheel armature in contact with a deformable mannequin during a crash. Variations in the location of impact on the armature, armature orientation, and mannequin were investigated to determine the effects of the energy absorption characteristics of the two contacting entities.

Multilingual acquisition property by property: A view from a wider perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832093516
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wrembel
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Property A ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Third Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Interesting Contribution ◽  
Methodological Refinement

This commentary discusses the recent keynote article in Second Language Research by Westergaard (2019), which is an interesting contribution to the field of language acquisition and multilingualism, especially because it attempts to provide a wider perspective by embracing first, second and third language acquisition. I address major claims put forward by Westergaard, to support them with my own research data from the domain of phonology as well as to raise some questions as to potential limitations of the approach, and to point to avenues for future theoretical and methodological refinement.

Study on the Larger Bus Body Stability of Bend Steering

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Fu Ming Qin ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Wen Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Vehicle Modeling ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Bus Body ◽  
Turning Radius

When a larger bus steering in the corners, it easily affected by the lateral acceleration so that the vehicle sideslips or rolls over, using the research methods of combining with real vehicle modeling and simulation to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers. Analyzed and researched systems that affecting vehicles stability performance, including power train, steering system, brake system and the vehicles road model of the system curve .On this basis, compared to the acceleration values which the motorbus body can withstand in different states, proposing the acceleration values when human feel comfortable, uncomfortable and terrible, then conducted simulation tests under different turning radius and speeds. The results showed that: on the premise of ensuring the safety and comfort of vehicle passengers, the allowable speed limit with different bend radius is not the same; then it drew series of limit speeds allowed by series of bend radius, providing a reference and basis for future road construction and motorbus technical improvement.

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