Study and evaluation of four bar polycentric knee used in the prosthetic limb for transfemoral amputee during the gait cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Thair Al-Maliky ◽  
Jumaa Salman Chiad
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Transfemoral Amputee ◽  
Prosthetic Limb

Evaluation and Analysis of Different Types of Prosthetic Knee Joint Used by above Knee Amputee

2020 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Mohanad Kadhim ◽  
Jumaa Salman Chiad ◽  
Maryam Abdul Salam Enad
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Von Mises

Four prosthetic knee joints (polycentric knee weight activating-4bar and friction, extension assist controlled),(single axis knee weight activating and friction, internal extension assist controlled), (single axis knee weight activating-4bar and hydraulically, controlled) and (polycentric knee geometric locking-6bar, hydraulically controlled) for a trans-femoral patient were tested. The tests were conducted to find the maximum velocity as well as discussing the most comfortable prosthetic forthe patient and walking stability for these prosthetic knees by examining the gait cycle and measuring the ground reaction force (GRF), using force a plate device. Also, the interface pressure was measured between socket and stump muscles by using F-socket device to get the stress distribution during walking with a prosthetic knee. Results manifested that the polycentric knee geometric locking - 6bar, hydraulically controlled is the best because of the good homogenous distribution of GRF between the healthy and prosthetic limb, during which the difference between both the healthy and prosthetic limb is with the least value (4%).And, K4 gives the minimum value of differences in contact pressure between the left and right limb with a value of (24%), it alsoimparts the maximum symmetry between the left and right limb according to the gait cycle parameters.The best results of the interface pressures and kinovea velocity are achieved whenK4 is used with (132.4KPa, 0.71m/s), respectively. Finally, the polycentric knee geometric locking - 6bar, hydraulically controlled is the best according to the ANSYS results during which it yields the minimum values of Von-Mises stress with 14.24MPa and a maximum factor of safety of 3.11.

scholarly journals Does an inverted pendulum model represent the gait of individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation while walking over level ground?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Strutzenberger ◽  
Nathalie Alexander ◽  
Alan De Asha ◽  
Hermann Schwameder ◽  
Cleveland Thomas Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Prosthetic Device ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Inverted Pendulum Model ◽  
Pendulum Model

Background: An inverted pendulum model represents the mechanical function of able-bodied individuals walking accurately, with centre of mass height and forward velocity data plotting as sinusoidal curves, 180° out of phase. Objectives: This study investigated whether the inverted pendulum model represented level gait in individuals with a unilateral transfemoral amputation. Study Design: Controlled trial. Methods: Kinematic and kinetic data from 10 individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation and 15 able-bodied participants were recorded during level walking. Results: During level walking, the inverted pendulum model described able-bodied gait well throughout the gait cycle, with median relative time shifts between centre of mass height and velocity maxima and minima between 1.2% and 1.8% of gait cycle. In the group with unilateral transfemoral amputation, the relative time shift was significantly increased during the prosthetic-limb initial double-limb support phase by 6.3%. Conclusion: The gait of individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation shows deviation from a synchronous inverted pendulum model during prosthetic-limb stance. The reported divergence may help explain such individuals’ increased metabolic cost of gait. Temporal divergence of inverted pendulum behaviour could potentially be utilised as a tool to assess the efficacy of prosthetic device prescription. Clinical relevance The size of the relative time shifts between centre of mass height and velocity maxima and minima could potentially be used as a tool to quantify the efficacy of innovative prosthetic device design features aimed at reducing the metabolic cost of walking and improving gait efficiency in individuals with amputation.

Return to surfing using an adapted prosthesis: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Erica Schvirtz ◽  
Laurent Bensoussan ◽  
Bertrand Tourret Couderc ◽  
Jean-Michel Viton ◽  
Alain Delarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Transfemoral Amputee ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Technical Specifications

Background: Surfing with transfemoral knee prosthesis requires flexion of the hip, knee, and ankle and balance between flexibility and stiffness of the prosthetic limb. We report on Mr D, a transfemoral amputee, who wanted to surf again. Case Description and Methods: Technical specifications were based on Mr D’s complaint. The prosthesis is salt water resistant and combines a shock absorber associated with elastic tendons to permit the knee to bend easily and to facilitate eccentric braking. Surfing was observed using videos of movements and subjective analysis of compensations. Findings and Outcomes: Mr D uses this prosthesis for surfing with good results and got back to his former level using compensations. During the takeoff, he cannot shorten his left leg. He makes a circumduction movement to put his leg in front of the board. Conclusion: This prosthesis is adapted for surfing and allows precise adjustments to surfing conditions. Clinical relevance Appropriate prosthesis design can enable return to surfing for a transfemoral amputee.

A Biomechanical Analysis of Amputee Athlete Gait

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Knee Flexors

The aims of the present study were to quantify lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking and slow jogging of below-knee amputee athletes and to demonstrate the usefulness of the additional information provided by kinetic analyses as compared to that of kinematic assessments alone. Kinematic and force platform data from three amputee subjects were collected while the subjects walked and jogged in the laboratory. Results indicated that neither prosthesis (SACH and an energy-storing carbon fiber or ESCF) emulated the kinetics or the kinematics of so-called normal gait during walking. While the knee joint on the prosthetic side clearly tended to be biased toward extension during stance, the knee flexors were dominant and acted concentrically during this phase of the gait cycle. An examination of prosthetic limb hip and knee joint kinetics at both cadences revealed the functional role played by the hamstrings early in stance. The results indicated that with increasing cadence, less variability, measured by coefficients of variation, was evident in the kinematic data while the opposite was true for the kinetics.

scholarly journals A comparison of the SACH and single axis foot in the gait of unilateral below-knee amputees

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Doane ◽  
L. E. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Points Of View

The gait patterns of unilateral below-knee amputees wearing prostheses with either a SACH foot or a single axis foot were compared. A temporary below-knee prosthesis was fabricated for each subject using plaster of Paris and Plastazote for the socket, a pylon and an artificial foot. Eight subjects were filmed at two separate sessions, one in which the SACH foot was worn on their prosthesis and one with the single axis foot on their prosthesis. Measurements of the normal leg with a SACH foot on the prosthetic limb were compared to measurements of the normal leg with a single axis foot on the prosthesis. Measurements of the prosthetic leg with both devices were also compared. A one tailed t test (p<.05) was used to determine statistical significance of the results obtained in six measurements of lower limb joint angles and on the percentage of the time of gait cycle for stance and swing phase of the prosthetic leg. Discussion centres on the interpretation of the results from both statistical and clinical points of view. Major differences (excepting the ankle at foot-flat) between the prosthetic devices were not found.

USING EMG PATTERNS FOR HUMAN GAIT CYCLE RECOGNITION1

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Bobe ◽  
◽  
Dmitry V. Konyshev ◽  
Sergey A. Vorotnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Emg Patterns

scholarly journals Analysis of Friction in Total Knee Prosthesis during a Standard Gait Cycle

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Matúš Ranuša ◽  
Markus A. Wimmer ◽  
Spencer Fullam ◽  
Martin Vrbka ◽  
Ivan Křupka
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Joint Friction ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Total Knee

Total knee arthroplasty is on the rise worldwide. Despite its success, revision surgeries are also increasing. According to the American Joint Replacement Registry 2020, 3.3% of revision surgeries are due to wear, and 24.2% are due to mechanical loosening. The combination of shear stresses and wear particles occurring at the bone/implant interface can lead to local osteolysis. Although the shear stresses are partially driven by joint friction, relatively little is known about the evolution of the coefficient of friction (CoF) during a gait cycle in total knee replacement. Here we describe the CoF during a gait cycle and investigate its association with kinematics (slide–roll-ratio), applied load, and relative velocity. The artificial knee was simulated by cobalt–chromium condyle on a flat ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial plateau, lubricated by either water or proteinaceous solution. We found that the CoF is not a constant but fluctuates between the values close to 0 and 0.15. Cross-correlation suggested that this is primarily an effect of the slide–roll ratio and the contact pressure. There was no difference in the CoF between water and proteinaceous solution. Knowledge about the CoF behavior during a gait cycle will help to increase the accuracy of future computational models of total knee replacement.

scholarly journals Classification of standing and sitting phases based on in-socket piezoelectric sensors in a transfemoral amputee

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfik Yahya ◽  
Nur Azah Hamzaid ◽  
Sadeeq Ali ◽  
Farahiyah Jasni ◽  
Hanie Nadia Shasmin
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transfemoral Amputee ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Optimal Classifier ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA transfemoral prosthesis is required to assist amputees to perform the activity of daily living (ADL). The passive prosthesis has some drawbacks such as utilization of high metabolic energy. In contrast, the active prosthesis consumes less metabolic energy and offers better performance. However, the recent active prosthesis uses surface electromyography as its sensory system which has weak signals with microvolt-level intensity and requires a lot of computation to extract features. This paper focuses on recognizing different phases of sitting and standing of a transfemoral amputee using in-socket piezoelectric-based sensors. 15 piezoelectric film sensors were embedded in the inner socket wall adjacent to the most active regions of the agonist and antagonist knee extensor and flexor muscles, i. e. region with the highest level of muscle contractions of the quadriceps and hamstring. A male transfemoral amputee wore the instrumented socket and was instructed to perform several sitting and standing phases using an armless chair. Data was collected from the 15 embedded sensors and went through signal conditioning circuits. The overlapping analysis window technique was used to segment the data using different window lengths. Fifteen time-domain and frequency-domain features were extracted and new feature sets were obtained based on the feature performance. Eight of the common pattern recognition multiclass classifiers were evaluated and compared. Regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of the number of features and the window lengths on the classifiers’ accuracies, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test significant differences in the classifiers’ performances. The classification accuracy was calculated using k-fold cross-validation method, and 20% of the data set was held out for testing the optimal classifier. The results showed that the feature set (FS-5) consisting of the root mean square (RMS) and the number of peaks (NP) achieved the highest classification accuracy in five classifiers. Support vector machine (SVM) with cubic kernel proved to be the optimal classifier, and it achieved a classification accuracy of 98.33 % using the test data set. Obtaining high classification accuracy using only two time-domain features would significantly reduce the processing time of controlling a prosthesis and eliminate substantial delay. The proposed in-socket sensors used to detect sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements could be further integrated with an active knee joint actuation system to produce powered assistance during energy-demanding activities such as sit-to-stand and stair climbing. In future, the system could also be used to accurately predict the intended movement based on their residual limb’s muscle and mechanical behaviour as detected by the in-socket sensory system.

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