Estimation of the relationship between dentition and skeletal maturity to chronological age and the development of an objective measure of skeletal maturity

Exposure to food environments has mainly been limited to counting food outlets near participants’ homes. This study considers food environment exposures in time and space using global positioning systems (GPS) records and fast food restaurants (FFRs) as the environment of interest. Data came from 412 participants (median participant age of 45) in the Seattle Obesity Study II who completed a survey, wore GPS receivers, and filled out travel logs for seven days. FFR locations were obtained from Public Health Seattle King County and geocoded. Exposure was conceptualized as contact between stressors (FFRs) and receptors (participants’ mobility records from GPS data) using four proximities: 21 m, 100 m, 500 m, and ½ mile. Measures included count of proximal FFRs, time duration in proximity to ≥1 FFR, and time duration in proximity to FFRs weighted by FFR counts. Self-reported exposures (FFR visits) were excluded from these measures. Logistic regressions tested associations between one or more reported FFR visits and the three exposure measures at the four proximities. Time spent in proximity to an FFR was associated with significantly higher odds of FFR visits at all proximities. Weighted duration also showed positive associations with FFR visits at 21-m and 100-m proximities. FFR counts were not associated with FFR visits. Duration of exposure helps measure the relationship between the food environment, mobility patterns, and health behaviors. The stronger associations between exposure and outcome found at closer proximities (<100 m) need further research.

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Bidirectional Relationship Between Subjective Age and Frailty: Findings From the NHATS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 271-271

Author(s):

Yuxiao Li ◽

Minhui Liu ◽

Christina Miyawaki ◽

Xiaocao Sun ◽

Tianxue Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Subjective Age ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Study Participants ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hispanic White

Abstract Frailty is a clinical syndrome that becomes increasingly common as people age. Subjective age refers to how young or old individuals experience themselves to be. It is associated with many risk factors of frailty, such as increased depression, worse cognitive function, and poorer psychological wellbeing. In this study, we examined the relationship between subjective age and frailty using the 2011-2015 waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Participants were community-dwelling older adults without frailty in the initial wave (N=1,165). Subjective age was measured by asking participants, “What age do you feel most of the time?” Based on the Fried five phenotypic criteria: exhaustion, unintentional weight loss, low physical activity, slow gait, and weak grip strength, frailty was categorized into robust=0, pre-frail=1 or 2; frail=3 or more criteria met. Participants were, on average, 74.1±6.5 years old, female (52%), and non-Hispanic White (81%). Eighty-five percent of the participants felt younger, and 3% felt older than their chronological age, but 41% of them were pre-frail/frail. Generalized estimating equations revealed that an “older” subjective age predicted a higher likelihood of pre-frailty and frailty (OR, 95%CI= 1.01, 1.01-1.02). In contrast, frailty predicted an “older” subjective age (OR, 95%CI= 2.97, 1.65-5.35) adjusting for demographics and health conditions. These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between subjective age and frailty. Older people who feel younger than their chronological age are at reduced risk of becoming pre-frail/frail. Intervention programs to delay frailty progression should include strategies that may help older adults perceive a younger subjective age.

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Age of Acquisition Norms for a Large Set of Object Names and Their Relation to Adult Estimates and Other Variables

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/027249897392017 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 528-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 356

Author(s):

Catriona M. Morrison ◽

Tameron D. Chappell ◽

Andrew W. Ellis

Keyword(s):

Word Learning ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Large Scale ◽

Lexical Processing ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Age Of Acquisition ◽

Large Set ◽

Name Agreement ◽

Object Familiarity ◽

The Relationship

Studies of lexical processing have relied heavily on adult ratings of word learning age or age of acquisition, which have been shown to be strongly predictive of processing speed. This study reports a set of objective norms derived in a large-scale study of British children's naming of 297 pictured objects (including 232 from the Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980, set). In addition, data were obtained on measures of rated age of acquisition, rated frequency, imageability, object familiarity, picture-name agreement, and name agreement. We discuss the relationship between the objective measure and adult ratings of word learning age. Objective measures should be used when available, but where not, our data suggest that adult ratings provide a reliable and valid measure of real word learning age.

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Learning to stay employable

10.31235/osf.io/ha8v9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dominik Emanuel Froehlich ◽

Simon Beausaert ◽

Mien Segers ◽

Maike Gerken

Keyword(s):

Informal Learning ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Older Employees ◽

Welfare Systems ◽

Formal And Informal Learning ◽

The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of chronological age and formaland informal learning activities on employability. Furthermore, indirect effects of age on employabilityvia learning activities were tested.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted quantitative, cross-sectional surveyresearch (n¼780) in three Dutch and Austrian organizations to study the relationship betweenchronological age, formal and informal learning activities, and employability using structural equationmodeling.Findings – The authors find that both formal and informal learning increase employees’ employability.However, each type of learning contributes to different components of employability. Additionally, theauthors find indirect effects of chronological age on employability via formal learning.Research limitations/implications – The results question the focus on chronological age inorganizational and political decision making and contribute new insights for the management of anincreasingly older workforce.Practical implications – The findings question the predominant use of chronological age asdecisive criterion in organizational and national policies and call for closer examination of stereotypesagainst older employees. Employees should be supported in pursuing learning activities – irrespectiveof their chronological age. The implications of limiting employees’ access to formal learning activitiesmay limit their future employability. Individual employees, however, are in control of their informallearning activities, and this is a very important lever to maintain and develop employability.Social implications – Given the increasing dependency of social welfare systems on older people’sactive participation in the labor market, this study stresses that it is not chronological age per se thataffects people’s employability. This diverges from the way of how chronological age is used in policymaking.Originality/value – This study contributes further evidence for the relationships of age and formaland informal learning on employability. Additionally, it extends previous literature by examiningdifferent effects on different facets of employability, criticizing the prevalent use of chronological age,and investigating potential mediation effects.

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Selective effects of biological and chronological age on the development of cognitive abilities in adolescence

10.1101/2021.05.02.442351 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ilona Kovacs ◽

Kristof Kovacs ◽

Patricia Gervan ◽

Katinka Utczas ◽

Gyongyi Olah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Pubertal Timing ◽

Working Memory Capacity ◽

Bone Age ◽

Gonadal Hormones ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Biological Age ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Biological Maturity

Adolescent development is not only shaped by the mere passing of time and accumulating experience, it also depends on pubertal timing and the cascade of maturational processes orchestrated by gonadal hormones. Although individual variability in puberty onset confounds adolescent studies, it has not been efficiently controlled for. Here we introduce ultrasonic bone age assessment to estimate biological maturity and disentangle the independent effects of chronological and biological age on adolescent cognitive abilities. Comparing cognitive performance of participants with different skeletal maturity we uncover the striking impact of biological age on both IQ and specific abilities. We find that biological age has a selective effect on abilities: more mature individuals within the same age group have higher working memory capacity and processing speed, while those with higher chronological age have better verbal abilities, independently of their maturity. Based on our findings, bone age is a promising biomarker for adolescent research.

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Epigenetic clock and DNA methylation studies of roe deer in the wild

10.1101/2020.09.21.306613 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-François Lemaître ◽

Benjamin Rey ◽

Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽

Corinne Régis ◽

Emmanuelle Gilot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Epigenetic Clock ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Methylation Array ◽

Biomarkers Of Aging ◽

Epigenetic Age ◽

The Relationship

AbstractDNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights in the evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic aging effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long-term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chizé and Trois Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts to investigate the relationship between chronological age and levels of DNA methylation (DNAm). We generated novel DNA methylation data from n=90 blood samples using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We present three DNA methylation-based estimators of age (DNAm or epigenetic age), which were trained in males, females, and both sexes combined. We investigated how sex differences influenced the relationship between DNAm age and chronological age through the use of sex-specific epigenetic clocks. Our results highlight that both populations and sex influence the epigenetic age, with the bias toward a stronger male average age acceleration (i.e. differences between epigenetic age and chronological ages) particularly pronounced in the population facing harsh environmental conditions. Further, we identify the main sites of epigenetic alteration that have distinct aging patterns across the two sexes. These findings open the door to promising avenues of research at the crossroad of evolutionary biology and biogerontology.

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Age and anthropometric variables and success in mixed martial arts

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2380v2 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Kirk

Keyword(s):

Martial Arts ◽

Bayes Factor ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Competitive Sport ◽

Rank Tests ◽

Full Cohort ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Signed Rank ◽

The Relationship

Anthropometry and chronological age has been demonstrated to have an effect on individual performance in competitive sport, with the relationship between stature and wingspan being found to be selective criteria in many sports, although evidence for this in MMA is negligible. In this study, n = 278 professional MMA bouts were analysed with the winners and losers being compared in terms of chronological age, stature, wingspan, stature-to-wingspan ratio (S:W) and method of win/loss using paired samples t tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, one way ANOVAs, Kruskal-Wallis tests (all ≤ .05) and Bayes Factor (BF 10 ). The results showed that for the most part anthropometric differences have no effect on who wins the bout, but taller bout losers are most likely to lose via strikes. Across the full cohort and several competitive divisions, it was found that older participants are significantly more likely to lose, and are also significantly more likely to lose via strikes. Participants who won via decision were found to be significantly older than those who won via strikes or submission.

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Breathing and orientation underwater in swimming pool: Effects of age, practice, and duration of an aquatic stimulation program in babies and infants

Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior ◽

10.20338/bjmb.v2i1.13 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Eduarda Veloso ◽

João Barreiros ◽

Carlos Santos

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Environment ◽

Motor Behavior ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Swimming Pool ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Breathing Control ◽

The Relationship

Nowadays there are not many investigation results about infant and baby's motor behavior in the aquatic environment. The present study seeks to describe it before the 40 months of age and to examine the relationship between the motor acquisitions and the chronological age, time of practice and program duration. A system of categories and sub-categories of baby's motor behavior was developed for two dimensions: breathing control and underwater orientation. This system was validated with obtained values of 96% of objectivity and 100% of consistency. Then, 101 babies and infants were evaluated between 3 and 40 months of age, some of them in different moments, in a total of 216 observations (N=216). Breathing control and underwater orientation skills were strongly correlated with chronological age, time of practice and program duration. All the correlations were positive with 0.75-0.86% and significant (Ïâ‰-0.01), meaning that as age, time of practice or program duration increases, the breathing control and underwater orientation skills showed clear improvement. Chronological ages for developmental steps in aquatic environment were identified. Results are discussed within a maturation-stimulation theoretical framework. The evaluation tool that was proposed and validated is ready for use and can be applied in other research settings.

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