Repression of MYBL2 by Both microRNA858a and HY5 Leads to the Activation of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis

The N-terminal of Myc-like basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (bHLH TFs) contains an interaction domain, namely the MYB-interacting region (MIR), which interacts with the R2R3-MYB proteins to regulate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. However, the functions of MIR-domain bHLHs in this pathway are not fully understood. In this study, PbbHLH2 containing the MIR-domain was identified and its function investigated. The overexpression of PbbHLH2 in ”Zaosu” pear peel increased the anthocyanin content and the expression levels of late biosynthetic genes. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that PbbHLH2 interacted with R2R3-MYB TFs PbMYB9, 10, and 10b in onion epidermal cells and confirmed that MIR-domain plays important roles in the interaction between the MIR-domain bHLH and R2R3-MYB TFs. Moreover, PbbHLH2 bound and activated the dihydroflavonol reductase promoter in yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase assays. Taken together these results suggested that the MIR domain of PbbHLH2 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit peel.

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Isolation and functional characterization of a R2R3-MYB regulator of Prunus mume anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/s11240-017-1294-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

pp. 417-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Qin Zhang ◽

Ruijie Hao ◽

Zongda Xu ◽

Weiru Yang ◽

Jia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Prunus Mume ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

R2r3 Myb

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Regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway by the TTG1/bHLH/Myb transcriptional complex in Arabidopsis seedlings

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03373.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 814-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 710

Author(s):

Antonio Gonzalez ◽

Mingzhe Zhao ◽

John M. Leavitt ◽

Alan M. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Transcriptional Complex

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iTRAQ-Based Protein Profiling Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Light-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium)

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10121024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1024

Author(s):

Yan Hong ◽

Mengling Li ◽

Silan Dai

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Flower Color ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Light Signal ◽

Protein Profiling ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway

The generation of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) flower color is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Light is one of the key environmental factors that affect the anthocyanin biosynthesis, but the deep molecular mechanism remains elusive. In our previous study, a series of light-induced structural and regulatory genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in the chrysanthemum were identified using RNA sequencing. In the present study, differentially expressed proteins that are in response to light with the capitulum development of the chrysanthemum ‘Purple Reagan’ were further identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique, and correlation between the proteomic and the transcriptomic libraries was analyzed. In general, 5106 raw proteins were assembled based on six proteomic libraries (three capitulum developmental stages × two light treatments). As many as 160 proteins were differentially expressed between the light and the dark libraries with 45 upregulated and 115 downregulated proteins in response to shading. Comparative analysis between the pathway enrichment and the gene expression patterns indicated that most of the proteins involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were downregulated after shading, which was consistent with the expression patterns of corresponding encoding genes; while five light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were initially downregulated after shading, and their expressions were enhanced with the capitulum development thereafter. As revealed by correlation analysis between the proteomic and the transcriptomic libraries, GDSL esterase APG might also play an important role in light signal transduction. Finally, a putative mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in the chrysanthemum was proposed. This study will help us to clearly identify light-induced proteins associated with flower color in the chrysanthemum and to enrich the complex mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis for use in cultivar breeding.

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Violet/Blue Chrysanthemums—Metabolic Engineering of the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway Results in Novel Petal Colors

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pct110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1696-1710 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Filippa Brugliera ◽

Guo-Qing Tao ◽

Ursula Tems ◽

Gianna Kalc ◽

Ekaterina Mouradova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Engineering ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway

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COORDINATE INDUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY GENES BY VVMYBAS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2014.1046.44 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 329-334

Author(s):

P.R. Poudel ◽

A. Azuma ◽

S. Kobayashi ◽

N. Goto-Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway

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Molecular Consequences of Ds Insertion Into and Excision From the Helix-Loop-Helix Domain of the Maize R Gene

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/150.4.1639 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. 1639-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanhong Liu ◽

Liangjiang Wang ◽

Jerry L Kermicle ◽

Susan R Wessler

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Structural Genes ◽

Wild Type ◽

Bhlh Domain ◽

Helix Loop Helix ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Type Activity

Abstract The R and B proteins of maize are required to activate the transcription of several genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. To determine the structural requirements for R function in vivo, we are exploiting its sensitive mutant phenotype to identify transposon (Ds) insertions that disrupt critical domains. Here we report that the ability of the r-m1 allele to activate transcription of at least three structural genes is reduced to only 2% of wild-type activity because of a 396-bp Ds element in helix 2 of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif. Residual activity likely results from the synthesis of a mutant protein that contains seven additional amino acids in helix 2. This protein is encoded by a transcript where most of the Ds sequence has been spliced from pre-mRNA. Two phenotypic classes of stable derivative alleles, very pale and extremely pale, condition <1% of wild-type activity as a result of the presence of two- and three-amino-acid insertions, respectively, at the site of Ds excision. Localization of these mutant proteins to the nucleus indicates a requirement for an intact bHLH domain after nuclear import. The fact that deletion of the entire bHLH domain has only a minor effect on R protein activity while these small insertions virtually abolish activity suggests that deletion of the bHLH domain may bypass a requirement for bHLH-mediated protein-protein interactions in the activation of the structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.

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Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Flavonoid Biosynthesis Regulation for Leaf Color Development of Cymbidium sinense ‘Red Sun’

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051869 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1869 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Gao ◽

Rui Ren ◽

Yonglu Wei ◽

Jianpeng Jin ◽

Sagheer Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Color Change ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Cymbidium Sinense

The colorful leaf is an important ornamental character of Cymbidium sinense (C. sinense), especially the red leaf, which has always been attracted by breeders and consumers. However, little is documented on the formation mechanism of the red leaf of C. sinense. In this study, the changing patterns of flavonoid-related metabolites, corresponding enzyme activities and genes expression in the leaves of C. sinense ‘Red Sun’ from red to yellow and finally to green was investigated. A total of 196 flavonoid-related metabolites including 11 anthocyanins metabolites were identified using UPLC-MS/MS-based approach. In the process of leaf color change, 42 metabolites were identified as having significantly different contents and the content of 28 differential metabolites turned to zero. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, content of all 15 identified metabolites showed downregulation trend in the process of leaf color change. Among the 15 metabolites, the contents of Naringenin chalcone, Pelargonidin O-acetylhexoside and Anthocyanin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside decreased to zero in the green leaf stage. The changing pattern of enzyme activity of 10 enzymes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway showed different trends from red leaves that have turned yellow and finally green, while the expression of genes encoding these enzymes was all down-regulated in the process of leaf color change. The results of this study revealed the types of flavonoid-related metabolites and the comprehensive analysis of metabolites content, enzyme activities and genes expression providing a new reference for breeders to improve the leaf color of C. sinense ‘Red Sun’.

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