Structure and function of red and white blood cells

Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Gordon-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Schram ◽  
Nancy Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are hematologic cells important for a host’s immune defense. They comprise several diverse cell types including lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. Each plays a unique and important role in fighting infection, cancer surveillance, and maintaining immune homeostasis. Leukocytes exert their effect and interact with host and foreign cells through the release of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, and vasoactive substances. Altered number and function of these cells can lead to clinical disorders that range from benign to severe and life-threatening. Here we review the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of nonmalignant disorders of leukocytes. This review contains 100 references, 6 figures, and 9 tables. Key Words: eosinophilia, hemophagocytic histiocytosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphocytopenia, lymphocytosis mastocytosis, neutropenia, neutrophilia

scholarly journals Baseline urinalysis values in common bottlenose dolphins under human care in the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Natalia Jiménez-Zucchet ◽  
Tamara Alejandro-Zayas ◽  
Christian A. Alvarado-Macedo ◽  
María Renée Arreola-Illescas ◽  
Lissette Benítez-Araiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Fishy Odor ◽  
Human Care ◽  
And Function

Urinalysis is a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and reliable test that documents urine abnormalities reflecting various types of renal, hormonal, or metabolic diseases. Urinalysis could assist proper monitoring of the health of dolphins under human care; however, normal baseline values for dolphin urinalysis have not been reported, to our knowledge. We sampled urine from 193 common bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus), living under human care in 24 Caribbean dolphinariums, by voluntary free-catch and analyzed the urine for chemical and microscopic variables using multi-agent dry reagent chemistry dipstick test strips, dedicated pH reagent strips, and unstained sediment slides. Most urine was clear, pale yellow to dark yellow, and had a fishy odor. Dipstick glucose, bilirubin, ketones, and nitrites were negative in all dolphins. The urine pH was acidic ([Formula: see text] ± SD; 5.88 ± 0.58) and specific gravity (SG) was 1.035 ± 0.008. Most animals had 0–2 red blood cells and white blood cells per 40× field, and were negative for proteins. On microscopic sediment, 42.7% of samples had few-to-many squamous epithelial cells; hyaline and epithelial casts were observed only rarely. Crystals were observed in 36.6% of the samples; most were calcium oxalate dihydrate (48.2%) and amorphous urates (42.4%). The values obtained in our study can be used as a reference for health monitoring of dolphins in dolphinariums, and to monitor renal conditions and function in dolphins being rehabilitated or under human care.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bee Venom Peptides Melittin, Tertiapin, and Apamin on the Human Erythrocytes Ghosts: A Preliminary Study

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Światły-Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Lucyna Mrówczyńska ◽  
Eliza Matuszewska ◽  
Jan Lubawy ◽  
Arkadiusz Urbański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Erythrocyte Ghosts ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Venom Peptides ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
Proteomic Research

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in the human blood that have been extensively studied under morphology, ultrastructure, biochemical and molecular functions. Therefore, RBCs are excellent cell models in the study of biologically active compounds like drugs and toxins on the structure and function of the cell membrane. The aim of the present study was to explore erythrocyte ghost’s proteome to identify changes occurring under the influence of three bee venom peptides-melittin, tertiapin, and apamin. We conducted preliminary experiments on the erythrocyte ghosts incubated with these peptides at their non-hemolytic concentrations. Such preparations were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that when higher concentrations of melittin and apamin were used, fewer proteins were identified. Moreover, the results clearly indicated that apamin demonstrates the greatest influence on the RBCs ghosts proteome. Interestingly, the data also suggest that tertiapin exerted a stabilizing effect on the erythrocyte membrane. The experiments carried out show the great potential of proteomic research in the projects focused on the toxin’s properties as membrane active agents. However, to determine the specificity of the effect of selected bee venom peptides on the erythrocyte ghosts, further proteomic research should be focused on the quantitative analysis.

DYNAMICS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM AND ACTIVITY OF AMINOTRANSFERASES OF DOGS BY ADDING DIHYDROQUERCETIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Полищук ◽  
Sergey Polishchuk ◽  
Молянова ◽  
Galina Molyanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Formalin Edema ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of research is to increase protective and adaptive reactions, the service and the working potential of an organism of dogs through the use of DHQ. The article presents the results of an experiment to the effect of DHQ on the dynamics of hematological parameters of dogs blood. Dihydroquercetin – an active antioxidant, a natural scavenger of oxygen free radicals, hepatoprotective, has anti-inflammatory action due to limitations of the formalin edema and histamine, and inhibits the formation of serous fluid, pain killers, immunocorrectional properties. Due to the high complexing properties it displays the body of heavy metals, including radionuclides, it helps to restore the tone of blood vessels, normalization of the lipid spectrum of the blood and slows the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Investigations were carried out in Dogs State Service Ministry of I A of Russia zonal center in Samara Region by clinically healthy of dog breed German Shepherd, age 2-4 years with an average body weight of 30 kg on the background conditions and feeding, adopted by the enterprise. Dogs experimental group received Dihydroquercetin to 0.001 g/kg body weight dose once a day with food. When added to the basic diet Dihydroquercetin dog experimental group show an increase in indicators such as red blood cells – by 18.3% (p<0.01), hemoglobin – by 11.7% (p <0.01) hematocrit – 7.1% (p<0.01), white blood cells – by 9.1% (p<0.05) compared to control data. The research results give reason to believe that the use of dietary supplements in Dihydroquercetin in dogs diet dose 0.001 g/kg allows significantly increase the morphological and physiological indicators of animal organism. In this case a significant increase erythrocytes and hemoglobin and hematocrit indicates increased oxidative metabolism and function of the intensity of the blood in dogs treated with the drug, and increase in the blood indicates an increase in immune status.

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