Development and validation of retrospective spinal cord motion time-course estimates (RESPITE) for spin-echo spinal fMRI: Improved sensitivity and specificity by means of a motion-compensating general linear model analysis

NeuroImage ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C FIGLEY ◽  
P STROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Spinal Fmri ◽  
Development And Validation

General linear model analysis of behavioural responses of Boerand Tswana goats to successive handling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Molale ◽  
M. A. Antwi ◽  
J. N. Lekunze ◽  
U. Luvhengo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
Boer Goats

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.

scholarly journals Ten Key Insights into the Use of Spinal Cord fMRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Powers ◽  
Gabriela Ioachim ◽  
Patrick Stroman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Fast Spin Echo ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Fmri

A comprehensive review of the literature-to-date on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord is presented. Spinal fMRI has been shown, over more than two decades of work, to be a reliable tool for detecting neural activity. We discuss 10 key points regarding the history, development, methods, and applications of spinal fMRI. Animal models have served a key purpose for the development of spinal fMRI protocols and for experimental spinal cord injury studies. Applications of spinal fMRI span from animal models across healthy and patient populations in humans using both task-based and resting-state paradigms. The literature also demonstrates clear trends in study design and acquisition methods, as the majority of studies follow a task-based, block design paradigm, and utilize variations of single-shot fast spin-echo imaging methods. We, therefore, discuss the similarities and differences of these to resting-state fMRI and gradient-echo EPI protocols. Although it is newly emerging, complex connectivity and network analysis is not only possible, but has also been shown to be reliable and reproducible in the spinal cord for both task-based and resting-state studies. Despite the technical challenges associated with spinal fMRI, this review identifies reliable solutions that have been developed to overcome these challenges.

Depression, suicide risk, and workplace bullying: a comparative study of fly-in, fly-out and residential resource workers in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Miller ◽  
Libby Brook ◽  
Norman J. Stomski ◽  
Graeme Ditchburn ◽  
Paul Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
General Linear ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to establish whether clinical depression and increased suicide risk differed between Australian fly-in, fly-out (FIFO) workers and their residential counterparts in the resources sector. We also sought to identify whether bullying and social support were associated with depression and suicide risk in this cohort. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was used. Completed questionnaires were received from 751 respondents who were employed in the Australian resources sector. Primary outcomes were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised. A general linear model was used to examine the association between depression, hopelessness and predictive factors. Results The results of a general linear model analysis demonstrated that depression (partial η2 = 0.02; P = 0.01) and hopelessness (partial η2 = 0.02; P = 0.02) were significantly higher in residential than FIFO workers. In addition, bullying was significantly associated with higher levels of depression (partial η2 = 0.11; P = 0.001) and hopelessness (partial η2 = 0.04; P = 0.001). Finally, increased social support was significantly associated with lower depression rates (partial η2 = 0.13; P = 0.001) and hopelessness (partial η2 = 0.14; P = 0.001). Conclusions Interventions should be delivered to reduce depression and hopelessness in Australian resource workers, particularly through addressing workplace bullying and enhancing social support. What is known about the topic? One-third of Australian resource workers experience psychosocial distress. Research examining factors that influence such distress is lacking. What does this paper add? The results of this study demonstrate that clinical depression and suicide risk were significantly higher in residential resource workers than in FIFO workers. Depression and suicide risk were directly associated with workplace bullying. In addition, social support was an important protective factor against depression and bullying in Australian FIFO and residential resource workers. What are the implications for practitioners? There is an urgent need to introduce interventions that reduce psychosocial distress in the resource sector, particularly through the mitigation of bullying

Music Listening Preferences in Early Life

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ilari ◽  
Megha Sundara
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Instrumental Accompaniment

This study investigated infant listening preferences for two versions of an unfamiliar Chinese children's song: unaccompanied (i.e., voice only) and accompanied (i.e., voice and instrumental accompaniment). Three groups of 5-, 8- and 11-month-old infants were tested using the Headturn Preference Procedure. A general linear model analysis of variance was carried out with gender and age as the between-subjects variables and listening time to the two renditions (unaccompanied, accompanied) as the within-subjects variable. Results indicated a clear preference for the unaccompanied version of the song in all age groups.

scholarly journals Neural Responses to Consciously and Unconsciously Perceived Emotional Faces: A Spinal fMRI Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssia Wilson ◽  
Tiffany Kolesar ◽  
Jennifer Kornelsen ◽  
Stephen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Spinal Fmri

Emotional stimuli modulate activity in brain areas related to attention, perception, and movement. Similar increases in neural activity have been detected in the spinal cord, suggesting that this understudied component of the central nervous system is an important part of our emotional responses. To date, previous studies of emotion-dependent spinal cord activity have utilized long presentations of complex emotional scenes. The current study differs from this research by (1) examining whether emotional faces will lead to enhanced spinal cord activity and (2) testing whether these stimuli require conscious perception to influence neural responses. Fifteen healthy undergraduate participants completed six spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) runs in which three one-minute blocks of fearful, angry, or neutral faces were interleaved with 40-s rest periods. In half of the runs, the faces were clearly visible while in the other half, the faces were displayed for only 17 ms. Spinal fMRI consisted of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences targeting the cervical spinal cord. The results indicated that consciously perceived faces expressing anger elicited significantly more activity than fearful or neutral faces in ventral (motoric) regions of the cervical spinal cord. When stimuli were presented below the threshold of conscious awareness, neutral faces elicited significantly more activity than angry or fearful faces. Together, these data suggest that the emotional modulation of spinal cord activity is most impactful when the stimuli are consciously perceived and imply a potential threat toward the observer.

scholarly journals ENHANCED ACADEMICIANS ENGAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM GAMIFICATION INTERVENTIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
KDV Prasad ◽  
Mruthyanjaya Rao Mangipudi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Course Completion ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Game Context

This paper presents An outcome of gamification interventions in higher educational institutes to enhance the engagement of the teaching staff, the academicians. The academicians' engagement is an important component to enhance learning and timely course completion and for excellent student outcomes. In the recent past the gamification being used as a beneficial strategy in several areas such as business, education, e-learning, research and development and behavioral change of employees. The authors have applied gamification interventions on Academicians of Engineering colleges around Hyderabad to see the effect of gamification on academician's motivation, engagement, loyalty, dedication to the organization, and turnover. A group of 150 academicians, the teaching staff were tested using before gamification and post-gamification survey instruments, a questionnaire. The reliability of the survey instrument assessed measuring Cronbach-alpha statistics, descriptive statistics, and General Linear Model analysis was carried out to predict the influence of gender and academician’s gamification choices on study variables. The post-gamification results reveal a statistically significant influence on motivation, engagement, whereas gamification intervention is a not good predictor of employee turnover and loyalty. The results from the General Linear Model analysis indicate the use of games in non-game context immensely motivates the employees and academicians inclined towards quests and challenges.

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