Prodromal symptoms of Parkinson's disease: Implications for epidemiological studies of disease etiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elbaz
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Disease Etiology

scholarly journals GardeninA confers neuroprotection against environmental toxin in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Maitra ◽  
Thomas Harding ◽  
Qiaoli Liang ◽  
Lukasz Ciesla
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Environmental Toxin

AbstractParkinson’s disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain. Epidemiological studies have implicated exposures to environmental toxins like the herbicide paraquat as major contributors to Parkinson’s disease etiology in both mammalian and invertebrate models. We have employed a paraquat-induced Parkinson’s disease model in Drosophila as an inexpensive in vivo platform to screen therapeutics from natural products. We have identified the polymethoxyflavonoid, GardeninA, with neuroprotective potential against paraquat-induced parkinsonian symptoms involving reduced survival, mobility defects, and loss of dopaminergic neurons. GardeninA-mediated neuroprotection is not solely dependent on its antioxidant activities but also involves modulation of the neuroinflammatory and cellular death responses. Furthermore, we have successfully shown GardeninA bioavailability in the fly heads after oral administration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanistic insight into GardeninA-mediated neuroprotection against environmental toxin-induced Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis for novel therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and therapeutic evidence of anti-inflammatory drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taysa Bervian Bassani ◽  
Maria A.B.F. Vital ◽  
Laryssa K. Rauh
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 1.6% of the population over 60 years old. The cardinal motor symptoms are the result of progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons which are involved in the fine motor control. Currently, there is no cure for this pathology and the cause of the neurodegeneration remains unknown. Several studies suggest the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of PD as well as a protective effect of anti-inflammatory drugs both in animal models and epidemiological studies, although there are controversial reports. In this review, we address evidences of involvement of inflammatory process and possible therapeutic usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs in PD.

Time Trends and Geographical Variation in Parkinson's Disease in Scotland

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C.S. Smith ◽  
W.J. Mutch
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Factors Affecting

Parkinson's disease is a common and disabling condition which principally affects the elderly. The time and space distribution of Parkinson's disease has been examined to determine if it provides clues as to aetiology and factors affecting its distribution. Previous studies have used mortality data,1 data from epidemiological studies,2 and pre scribing information particularly with regard to the use of levodopa.3 These studies have looked within countries and between countries.

scholarly journals Novel Insights on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease from a regional Swedish Case-Control Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajsa Brolin ◽  
Sara Bandres Ciga ◽  
Cornelis Blauwendraat ◽  
Hakan Widner ◽  
Per Odin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) can be more or less relevant to a population due to population-specific genetic architecture, local lifestyle habits, and environmental exposures. Therefore, it is essential to study PD at a local, regional, and continental scale in order to increase the knowledge on disease etiology. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to PD in a new Swedish case-control cohort. METHODS: PD patients (n=929) and matched population-based controls (n=935) from the southernmost county in Sweden were included in the cohort. Information on environmental exposures was obtained using questionnaires at inclusion. Genetic analyses included a genome-wide association study (GWAS), haplotype assessment, and a risk profile analysis using cumulative genetic risk scores. RESULTS: The cohort is a representative PD case-control cohort (64% men, mean age at diagnosis = 67 years, median Hoehn and Yahr score = 2.0), in which previously reported associations between PD and environmental factors, such as tobacco, could be confirmed. We describe the first GWAS of PD solely composed of PD patients from Sweden, and confirm associations to well-established risk alleles in SNCA. In addition, we identified a potential novel, population-specific PD risk variant in the PLPP4 locus (rs12771445) along with a risk haplotype in the region. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides an in-depth description of a new PD case-control cohort from southern Sweden in which we identified a potential novel PD risk locus, PLPP4. Replication studies are needed to determine whether the PLPP4 locus is associated with PD in Sweden, and on a global scale.

scholarly journals Prodromal symptoms and early detection of Parkinson's disease in general practice: a nested case-control study

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. A. Plouvier ◽  
R. J. M. G. Hameleers ◽  
E. A. J. van den Heuvel ◽  
H. H. Bor ◽  
T. C. Olde Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Enrichment of risk SNPs in regulatory regions implicate diverse tissues in Parkinson’s disease etiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon G. Coetzee ◽  
Steven Pierce ◽  
Patrik Brundin ◽  
Lena Brundin ◽  
Dennis J. Hazelett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Regulatory Regions ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Risk Snps

Sleep disorders and the natural history of Parkinson's disease: The contribution of epidemiological studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Zoccolella ◽  
Mariantonietta Savarese ◽  
Paolo Lamberti ◽  
Raffaele Manni ◽  
Claudio Pacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Parkinson’S Disease

scholarly journals Genetic Identification of Cell Types Underlying Brain Complex Traits Yields Novel Insights Into the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bryois ◽  
Nathan G. Skene ◽  
Thomas Folkmann Hansen ◽  
Lisette J.A. Kogelman ◽  
Hunna J. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Transcriptomic Data

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered hundreds of loci associated with complex brain disorders, and provide the best current insights into the etiology of these idiopathic traits. However, it remains unclear in which cell types these variants may be active, which is essential for understanding disease etiology and for disease modelling. Here we integrate GWAS results with single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire nervous system to systematically identify cell types underlying psychiatric disorders, neurological conditions, and other brain complex traits. We show that psychiatric disorders are predominantly associated with excitatory neurons from the cortex/hippocampus, medium spiny neurons from the striatum, diverse sets of midbrain neurons, and inhibitory neurons from the cortex/hippocampus. Cognitive traits were generally associated with similar cell types but their associations were driven by different genes. Neurological disorders were associated with different cell types, consistent with other lines of evidence. Notably, we found that Parkinson’s disease is not only genetically associated with dopaminergic neurons but also with serotonergic neurons and cells from the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using post-mortem brain transcriptomic data, we confirmed alterations in these cells, even at the earliest stages of disease progression. Altogether, our study provides a solid framework for understanding the cellular basis of complex brain disorders and reveals a new unexpected role of oligodendrocytes in Parkinson’s disease.

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