scholarly journals Affiliative behavior in Williams syndrome: Social perception and real-life social behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2110-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Järvinen-Pasley ◽  
Ralph Adolphs ◽  
Anna Yam ◽  
Kiley J. Hill ◽  
Mark Grichanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Affiliative Behavior

scholarly journals Aberrant aggressive behavior in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Simchi ◽  
Hanoch Kaphzan
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Angelman Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Severe Difficulty

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder due to the absence of the E3-ligase protein, UBE3A. Inappropriate social interactions, usually hyper-sociability, is a part of that syndrome. In addition, clinical surveys and case reports describe aggressive behavior in AS individuals as a severe difficulty for caretakers. A mouse model for AS recapitulates most of the human AS phenotypes. However, very few studies utilized this mouse model for investigating affiliative social behavior, and not even a single study examined aggressive behavior. Hence, the aim of the herein study was to examine affiliative and aggressive social behavior. For that, we utilized a battery of behavioral paradigms, and performed detailed analyses of these behaviors. AS mice exhibited a unique characteristic of reduced habituation towards a social stimulus in comparison to their wild-type (WT) littermates. However, overall there were no additional marked differences in affiliative social behavior. In contrast to the mild changes in affiliative behavior, there was a striking enhanced aggression in the AS mice compared to their WT littermates. The herein findings emphasize the use of AS mouse model in characterizing and measuring inappropriate aggressive behavior, and suggests these as tools for investigating therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating aggressive behavior.

scholarly journals Hierarchy in the Library: Egalitarian Dynamics in Victorian Novels

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470490800600 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Johnson ◽  
Joseph Carroll ◽  
Jonathan Gottschall ◽  
Daniel Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Life History Theory ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Victorian Novels ◽  
The Impact

The current research investigated the psychological differences between protagonists and antagonists in literature and the impact of these differences on readers. It was hypothesized that protagonists would embody cooperative motives and behaviors that are valued by egalitarian hunter-gatherers groups, whereas antagonists would demonstrate status-seeking and dominance behaviors that are stigmatized in such groups. This hypothesis was tested with an online questionnaire listing characters from 201 canonical British novels of the longer nineteenth century. 519 respondents generated 1470 protocols on 435 characters. Respondents identified the characters as protagonists, antagonists, or minor characters, judged the characters' motives according to human life history theory, rated the characters' traits according to the five-factor model of personality, and specified their own emotional responses to the characters on categories adapted from Ekman's seven basic emotions. As expected, antagonists are motivated almost exclusively by the desire for social dominance, their personality traits correspond to this motive, and they elicit strongly negative emotional responses from readers. Protagonists are oriented to cooperative and affiliative behavior and elicit positive emotional responses from readers. Novels therefore apparently enable readers to participate vicariously in an egalitarian social dynamic like that found in hunter-gatherer societies. We infer that agonistic structure in novels simulates social behaviors that fulfill an adaptive social function and perhaps stimulates impulses toward these behaviors in real life.

The Sense of Nonsense in Fielding's Author's Farce

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Susan K. Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Deceptive Behavior ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Way

Henry Fielding's Author's Farce, performed forty-one times in the spring and summer of 1730, was the hit of London's theatrical season. In this, his third play, Fielding turned away from the stylized realism of his Love in Several Masques (1728) and The Temple Beau (1730). In the earlier plays, and indeed throughout his career, he perceived and judged social behavior by comparing people who play roles in daily life to actors who assume roles on stage; in particular, he scrutinized the theatrical rituals and fashionable deceit of courting couples. By adopting the techniques of burlesque in The Author's Farce, he exposes simultaneously the false roles of courtship in daily life and the way that the theatre itself portrays such love-making. Understanding the technique by which Fielding criticizes courtship clearly reveals his larger purpose — to criticize the deceptive behavior and mercenary values, implicit in the stage's conventions, which the theatre fosters and endorses in real life.

scholarly journals Insights on Social Behavior From Studying Williams Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Sampaio ◽  
Jay Belsky ◽  
Isabel Soares ◽  
Ana Mesquita ◽  
Ana Osório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Williams Syndrome

scholarly journals The principle of situationism in modern social psychology. Review of the book by T. Gilovich and L. Ross "The Science of wisdom". Moscow: Individual, 2019. 368 p.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
E.P. Belinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Psychology Review

The book summarizes the achievements of social psychology in the last few decades in the field of social cognition. The authors ‘ attention is drawn to the analysis of situational factors that determine the errors of social perception, form social stereotypes and prejudices, as well as influence the choice of various forms of social behavior.

scholarly journals 3D anthropometric assessment and perception of male body morphology in relation to physical strength

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias L. Kordsmeyer ◽  
Julia Stern ◽  
Lars Penke
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Computer Monitors ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

Objectives: The assessment of men’s physical strength is an important part of human social perception, for which observers rely on different kinds of cues. However, besides previous studies being limited in considerable ways, as yet there is no comprehensive investigation of a range of somatometric measures in relation to both objectively measured and observer-perceived physical strength using valid stimuli. Methods: We examined observer-perceptions of physical strength from 3D body scans of N = 165 men, the usage and validity of somatometric measures as cues to strength, differences between strength ratings from stimuli presented on computer monitors versus in real-life size using a projector, and between male and female observers.Results: A medium-sized correlation between measured and perceived strength was found, partly mediated by target men’s chest-to-hip ratio, body density, ankle girth, height, upper arm and forearm girth. No significant differences between men’s and women’s strength perceptions or the method of stimuli presentation (computer monitor vs. projector) emerged.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that men’s physical strength can be assessed with moderate accuracy from 3D body models and that some somatometric measures represent valid cues, which were used by observers, positively predicting both measured and perceived physical strength.

scholarly journals Epigenetic tuning of brain signal entropy in emergent human social behavior

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan H. Puglia ◽  
Kathleen M. Krol ◽  
Manuela Missana ◽  
Cabell L. Williams ◽  
Travis S. Lillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Infant Behavior ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background How the brain develops accurate models of the external world and generates appropriate behavioral responses is a vital question of widespread multidisciplinary interest. It is increasingly understood that brain signal variability—posited to enhance perception, facilitate flexible cognitive representations, and improve behavioral outcomes—plays an important role in neural and cognitive development. The ability to perceive, interpret, and respond to complex and dynamic social information is particularly critical for the development of adaptive learning and behavior. Social perception relies on oxytocin-regulated neural networks that emerge early in development. Methods We tested the hypothesis that individual differences in the endogenous oxytocinergic system early in life may influence social behavioral outcomes by regulating variability in brain signaling during social perception. In study 1, 55 infants provided a saliva sample at 5 months of age for analysis of individual differences in the oxytocinergic system and underwent electroencephalography (EEG) while listening to human vocalizations at 8 months of age for the assessment of brain signal variability. Infant behavior was assessed via parental report. In study 2, 60 infants provided a saliva sample and underwent EEG while viewing faces and objects and listening to human speech and water sounds at 4 months of age. Infant behavior was assessed via parental report and eye tracking. Results We show in two independent infant samples that increased brain signal entropy during social perception is in part explained by an epigenetic modification to the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and accounts for significant individual differences in social behavior in the first year of life. These results are measure-, context-, and modality-specific: entropy, not standard deviation, links OXTR methylation and infant behavior; entropy evoked during social perception specifically explains social behavior only; and only entropy evoked during social auditory perception predicts infant vocalization behavior. Conclusions Demonstrating these associations in infancy is critical for elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms accounting for individual differences in cognition and behavior relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. Our results suggest that an epigenetic modification to the oxytocin receptor gene and brain signal entropy are useful indicators of social development and may hold potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value.

Unique-Named People Are Perceived More Suitable for Unique Jobs: A Social Perception and Its Real-Life Impact on Name Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Wu-Shuang Bao ◽  
Huanhua Lu ◽  
Yu L. L. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Real World ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Name Change ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Cases Study ◽  
Life Impact

The latest research has revealed that unique-name holders pursue unique jobs in social reality. However, it remains unclear if such an association exists in social perception. We addressed this question with five studies. Through surveys, we showed that people associated “having a unique name” with “choosing a unique job” in general views (Study 1) and in specific cases (Study 2), which were both partly explained by creativity-relevant stereotypes. Then, through experimental manipulations, we examined the causality and extended the investigation to ecologically valid contexts. In personnel selection (Study 3), people would assign unique jobs to applicants with unique (vs. common) names. For a name change (Study 4), people would recommend unique names to workers in unique (vs. common) jobs. Moreover, these behavioral tendencies were subject to people’s general views about the name-job uniqueness association. In Study 5, we collected real-world name-change data from China, U.S., and U.K. and found that, when there was a name change, artists’ (a typically unique job) given names were actually changed to more unique ones. These findings demonstrate a perceived name-job association and enrich our understanding of the name-job relationship in real life.

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