Unique-Named People Are Perceived More Suitable for Unique Jobs: A Social Perception and Its Real-Life Impact on Name Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Wu-Shuang Bao ◽  
Huanhua Lu ◽  
Yu L. L. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Real World ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Name Change ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Cases Study ◽  
Life Impact

The latest research has revealed that unique-name holders pursue unique jobs in social reality. However, it remains unclear if such an association exists in social perception. We addressed this question with five studies. Through surveys, we showed that people associated “having a unique name” with “choosing a unique job” in general views (Study 1) and in specific cases (Study 2), which were both partly explained by creativity-relevant stereotypes. Then, through experimental manipulations, we examined the causality and extended the investigation to ecologically valid contexts. In personnel selection (Study 3), people would assign unique jobs to applicants with unique (vs. common) names. For a name change (Study 4), people would recommend unique names to workers in unique (vs. common) jobs. Moreover, these behavioral tendencies were subject to people’s general views about the name-job uniqueness association. In Study 5, we collected real-world name-change data from China, U.S., and U.K. and found that, when there was a name change, artists’ (a typically unique job) given names were actually changed to more unique ones. These findings demonstrate a perceived name-job association and enrich our understanding of the name-job relationship in real life.

Neuropsychology in the Real World

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Peper ◽  
Simone N. Loeffler
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Current ambulatory technologies are highly relevant for neuropsychological assessment and treatment as they provide a gateway to real life data. Ambulatory assessment of cognitive complaints, skills and emotional states in natural contexts provides information that has a greater ecological validity than traditional assessment approaches. This issue presents an overview of current technological and methodological innovations, opportunities, problems and limitations of these methods designed for the context-sensitive measurement of cognitive, emotional and behavioral function. The usefulness of selected ambulatory approaches is demonstrated and their relevance for an ecologically valid neuropsychology is highlighted.

Animals as Social Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

scholarly journals Real‐life impact of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown on the management of pediatric and adult asthma: A survey by the EAACI Asthma Section

Allergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia ◽  
Maarten Berge ◽  
Cristina Boccabella ◽  
Matteo Bonini ◽  
Cristiano Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Adult Asthma ◽  
Life Impact

scholarly journals Dealing with multiple experts and non-stationarity in inverse reinforcement learning: an application to real-life problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarildo Likmeta ◽  
Alberto Maria Metelli ◽  
Giorgia Ramponi ◽  
Andrea Tirinzoni ◽  
Matteo Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Inverse Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Reward Function ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Multiple Experts

AbstractIn real-world applications, inferring the intentions of expert agents (e.g., human operators) can be fundamental to understand how possibly conflicting objectives are managed, helping to interpret the demonstrated behavior. In this paper, we discuss how inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) can be employed to retrieve the reward function implicitly optimized by expert agents acting in real applications. Scaling IRL to real-world cases has proved challenging as typically only a fixed dataset of demonstrations is available and further interactions with the environment are not allowed. For this reason, we resort to a class of truly batch model-free IRL algorithms and we present three application scenarios: (1) the high-level decision-making problem in the highway driving scenario, and (2) inferring the user preferences in a social network (Twitter), and (3) the management of the water release in the Como Lake. For each of these scenarios, we provide formalization, experiments and a discussion to interpret the obtained results.

scholarly journals How Relevant Is It to Use Mineral Proxies to Mimic the Atmospheric Reactivity of Natural Dust Samples? A Reactivity Study Using SO2 as Probe Molecule

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Darya Urupina ◽  
Manolis N. Romanias ◽  
Frederic Thevenet
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Mineral Aerosols ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Reactivity Study

The experimental investigation of heterogeneous atmospheric processes involving mineral aerosols is extensively performed in the literature using proxy materials. In this work we questioned the validity of using proxies such as Fe2O3, FeOOH, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, MnO2, SiO2, and CaCO3 to represent the behavior of complex mixtures of minerals, such as natural desert and volcanic dusts. Five volcanic dusts and three desert dusts were compared to a number of metal oxides, commonly used in the literature to mimic the behavior of desert dusts in the ability to form sulfites and sulfates on the surface exposed to SO2 gas. First, all samples were aged at room temperature, atmospheric pressure, under controlled experimental conditions of 175 ppm SO2 for 1 h under 30% of relative humidity. Second, they were extracted with 1% formalin and analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to quantify and compare the amount of sulfites and sulfates formed on their surfaces. It was evidenced that under the experimental conditions of this study neither one selected pure oxide nor a mixture of oxides can adequately typify the behavior of complex mixtures of natural minerals. Therefore, to evaluate the real-life impact of natural dust on atmospheric processes it is of vital importance to work directly with the natural samples, both to observe the real effects of desert and volcanic dusts and to evaluate the relevancy of proposed proxies.

scholarly journals Improving the performance of a radio-frequency localization system in adverse outdoor applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo N. de Sousa ◽  
Ricardo Sant’Ana ◽  
Rigel P. Fernandes ◽  
Julio Cesar Duarte ◽  
José A. Apolinário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Localization Accuracy

AbstractIn outdoor RF localization systems, particularly where line of sight can not be guaranteed or where multipath effects are severe, information about the terrain may improve the position estimate’s performance. Given the difficulties in obtaining real data, a ray-tracing fingerprint is a viable option. Nevertheless, although presenting good simulation results, the performance of systems trained with simulated features only suffer degradation when employed to process real-life data. This work intends to improve the localization accuracy when using ray-tracing fingerprints and a few field data obtained from an adverse environment where a large number of measurements is not an option. We employ a machine learning (ML) algorithm to explore the multipath information. We selected algorithms random forest and gradient boosting; both considered efficient tools in the literature. In a strict simulation scenario (simulated data for training, validating, and testing), we obtained the same good results found in the literature (error around 2 m). In a real-world system (simulated data for training, real data for validating and testing), both ML algorithms resulted in a mean positioning error around 100 ,m. We have also obtained experimental results for noisy (artificially added Gaussian noise) and mismatched (with a null subset of) features. From the simulations carried out in this work, our study revealed that enhancing the ML model with a few real-world data improves localization’s overall performance. From the machine ML algorithms employed herein, we also observed that, under noisy conditions, the random forest algorithm achieved a slightly better result than the gradient boosting algorithm. However, they achieved similar results in a mismatch experiment. This work’s practical implication is that multipath information, once rejected in old localization techniques, now represents a significant source of information whenever we have prior knowledge to train the ML algorithm.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Game-Based Learning Strategy for Children Road Safety Education and Practice in Virtual Space

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3661
Author(s):  
Noman Khan ◽  
Khan Muhammad ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Mansoor Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Munsif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
The Road

Virtual reality (VR) has been widely used as a tool to assist people by letting them learn and simulate situations that are too dangerous and risky to practice in real life, and one of these is road safety training for children. Traditional video- and presentation-based road safety training has average output results as it lacks physical practice and the involvement of children during training, without any practical testing examination to check the learned abilities of a child before their exposure to real-world environments. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a 3D realistic open-ended VR and Kinect sensor-based training setup using the Unity game engine, wherein children are educated and involved in road safety exercises. The proposed system applies the concepts of VR in a game-like setting to let the children learn about traffic rules and practice them in their homes without any risk of being exposed to the outside environment. Thus, with our interactive and immersive training environment, we aim to minimize road accidents involving children and contribute to the generic domain of healthcare. Furthermore, the proposed framework evaluates the overall performance of the students in a virtual environment (VE) to develop their road-awareness skills. To ensure safety, the proposed system has an extra examination layer for children’s abilities evaluation, whereby a child is considered fit for real-world practice in cases where they fulfil certain criteria by achieving set scores. To show the robustness and stability of the proposed system, we conduct four types of subjective activities by involving a group of ten students with average grades in their classes. The experimental results show the positive effect of the proposed system in improving the road crossing behavior of the children.

CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF SOCIAL REALITY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A GLOBAL FACTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Zh.A. Kabayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Global Factor ◽  
Public Consciousness

The aim of the article is to show how external factors influence social reality, what changes are taking place in public consciousness. One of the big factors was the COVID-19 pandemic and its attendant consequences. Complex, intricate dramatic processes are taking place that directly affect the real life of both people and communities and states. These changes, first of all, influenced the economic situation and hence, in general, the very social reality. The work uses the methods of comparative studies, phenomenology, hermeneutics. and a statistical approach to data analysis.

PALOMAGE, a French real-world cohort of elderly women beyond age 70 with advanced breast cancer receiving palbociclib: Baseline characteristics and safety evaluation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1012-1012
Author(s):  
Philippe Caillet ◽  
Marina Pulido ◽  
Etienne Brain ◽  
Claire Falandry ◽  
Isabelle Desmoulins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Real World ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Grade 3

1012 Background: Advanced breast cancer (ABC) is common in older patients, resulting from the high incidence of breast cancer beyond age 70. This population is often limited in clinical trials. Endocrine therapy (ET) combined with a CDK4/6 inhibitor is the standard of care in ABC overexpressing hormonal receptors (HR+). Data specific to older patients are scarce in the literature, deserving further research. Methods: PALOMAGE is an ongoing French prospective study evaluating palbociclib (PAL) + ET in real life setting in women aged ≥70 with HR+ HER2- ABC, split in 2 cohorts: ET sensitive patients with no prior systemic treatment for ABC (cohort A), and ET resistant patients and/or with prior systemic treatment for ABC (cohort B). Data collected include clinical characteristics, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 and ELD14) and geriatric description [G8 and Geriatric-COre DatasEt (G-CODE)]. This analysis reports on baseline characteristics and safety data for the whole population. Results: From 10/2018 to 10/2020, 400 and 407 patients were included in cohort A and B, respectively. The median age was 79 years (69-98), 15.1% with an age > 85. ECOG performance status (PS) was ≥2 in 17.9% patients, 68.3% had a G8 score ≤14 suggesting frailty, 32.1% had bone only metastasis, and 44% had visceral disease. 35.8% of patients in cohort B had no prior treatment for ABC. Safety data were available for 787 patients. The median follow-up was 6.7 months (IC95% = 6.1-7.6). At start of treatment, full dose of PAL (125 mg) was used in 76% of the patients: 62.6%, 68.7% and 71.6% of patients aged ≥ 80, those with ECOG PS ≥2 and those with a G8 score ≤14, respectively. In the safety population, 70% had ≥1 adverse event (AE), including 43.1% grade 3/4 AE, and 22.9% ≥ 1 serious AE. Most frequent AE reported were neutropenia (43.2%), anemia (17.5%), asthenia (16.3%) and thrombocytopenia (13.6%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 32.3% of patients, with febrile neutropenia in 1.1%. Grade 3/4 AE PAL-related were reported in 40.1%, 31.4% of patients aged < 80, ≥80, respectively. Regarding PAL, 23.4% of patients had a dose reduction and 41.8% had a temporary or permanent discontinuation due to AE. Safety data were similar in both cohorts. Geriatric data and impact on safety will be presented. Conclusions: PALOMAGE is a unique large real-world cohort focusing on older patients treated with PAL in France. These preliminary data do not suggest any new safety signal, matching data derived from PALOMA trials. The occurrence of less grade3/4 AE related to PAL in patients aged 80 and beyond might reflect the 30% decrease of PAL dose upfront. Effectiveness analyses are eagerly awaited. Clinical trial information: EUPAS23012 .

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