Radiolysis effects on polyethylene terephtalate

Author(s):  
Traian Zaharescu ◽  
Florin Ciuprina
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kostov ◽  
Atanas Atanassov ◽  
Dimitrina Kiryakova

2010 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. C. Souza ◽  
D. S. Leprêtre ◽  
N. R. Demarquette ◽  
M. F. Lacrampe ◽  
P. Krawczak

Author(s):  
M. Abdesselam ◽  
J.P. Stoquert ◽  
M. Djebara ◽  
C. Cerruti ◽  
A.C. Chami ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Vol 352-354 ◽  
pp. 490-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jama ◽  
O. Dessaux ◽  
P. Goudmand ◽  
B. Mutel ◽  
L. Gengembre ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 98A (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Dhahri ◽  
Aicha Abed ◽  
Ramzi Hadj Lajimi ◽  
Mohamed Ben Mansour ◽  
Virginie Gueguen ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Geyer ◽  
Stefan Röhner ◽  
Günter Lorenz ◽  
Andreas Kandelbauer

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle St-Jean ◽  
M Mihaela Friciu ◽  
Anaëlle Monfort ◽  
Jessica MacMahon ◽  
Jean-Marc Forest ◽  
...  

Background: Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are widely used, in combination, to treat or prevent various infections. Unfortunately, no liquid oral formulation is currently available in Canada for patients who are unable to swallow tablets. Objective: To evaluate the stability of suspensions of TMP and SMX (8 and 40 mg/mL, respectively) prepared in Oral Mix or Oral Mix SF vehicle (Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc) and stored for up to 90 days in amber plastic bottles or amber plastic syringes at 5°C or 25°C. Methods: Suspensions were prepared from bulk powder and from tablets in Oral Mix and Oral Mix SF vehicles, then transferred to amber plastic (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) bottles and plastic oral syringes and stored at 5°C and 25°C. Samples were collected on predetermined study days (0, 7, 14, 23, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days) and analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography – ultraviolet detection method. A suspension was considered stable if it maintained at least 90% of its initial concentration with 95% confidence. Observations of organoleptic characteristics such as colour and odour, as well as pH, were used to assess physical stability. Results: Suspensions prepared from bulk powder maintained concentrations of TMP and SMX of at least 97% of the initial concentration over the 90-day study period. No obvious changes in colour, odour, or pH were observed. However, acceptable suspensions could not be prepared from the commercial tablets. A persistent foam that developed at the surface of all suspensions prepared from tablets could result in inconsistent dosing. Conclusions: Extemporaneously compounded oral suspensions of TMP and SMX (8 and 40 mg/mL, respectively) prepared from bulk powder in Oral Mix and Oral Mix SF vehicles and stored in amber plastic bottles or syringes at 5°C or 25°C remained stable for at least 90 days. Suspensions made from tablets produced unacceptable formulations. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Le triméthoprime (TMP) et le sulfaméthoxazole (SMX) sont largement utilisés conjointement pour traiter ou prévenir diverses infections. Malheureusement, aucune formulation liquide orale n’est actuellement disponible au Canada pour les patients incapables d’avaler des comprimés. Objectif : Évaluer la stabilité des suspensions de TMP et de SMX (respectivement 8 et 40 mg/mL) préparées dans un véhicule Oral Mix ou Oral Mix SF (Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc.) et stockées pendant 90 jours dans des flacons ou des seringues en plastique ambré à 5 °C ou 25 °C. Méthodes : Les suspensions ont été préparées à partir de poudre en vrac et de comprimés dans les véhicules Oral Mix et Oral Mix SF, puis transférées dans des flacons en plastique ambré (polyéthylène téréphtalate glycol) et dans des seringues orales en plastique et stockées à 5 °C et 25 °C. Des échantillons ont été recueillis à des jours prédéterminés (0, 7, 14, 23, 45, 60, 75 et 90 jours) et analysés à l’aide d’une méthode de détection par ultraviolet validée de chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance. La suspension était jugée stable si elle préservait au moins 90 % de sa concentration initiale avec un seuil de confiance de 95 %. Les observations des caractéristiques organoleptiques, comme la couleur et l’odeur, ainsi que le pH, ont été faites pour évaluer la stabilité physique. Résultats : Les suspensions préparées à partir de poudre en vrac préservaient au moins 97 % de la concentration initiale de TMP et de SMX pendant la période d’étude de 90 jours. Aucun changement manifeste de couleur, d’odeur ou de pH n’a été observé. Cependant, les suspensions acceptables n’ont pas pu être préparées à partir des comprimés commerciaux. Une mousse homogène se formait à la surface de ces suspensions, ce qui pourrait entraîner un dosage incohérent. Conclusions : Les suspensions orales composées extemporanées de TMP et SMX (respectivement 8 et 40 mg/mL) préparées à partir de poudre en vrac dans des véhicules Oral Mix et Oral Mix SF et stockées dans des flacons ou des seringues en plastique ambré à 5 °C ou 25°C sont restées stables pendant au moins 90 jours. Les suspensions préparées à partir de comprimés ont donné des formulations inacceptables.


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Atyaf Umi Faizah

The majority of bottled water industry uses polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles as their packaging. When exposed to direct sunlight, this type of packaging is able to cause new compounds in water. Research at the State University of New York states showed that from 259 bottled water in 9 countries, 242 of them contained microplastics. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are differences in the amount of microplastic in bottled PET containers that are exposed and not exposed to sunlight. This type of research is pre-experimental using the static group comparison design. There are 2 treatment groups: PET bottled water that is exposed and not exposed to sunlight. The results showed that there were microplastics in PET bottled water exposed and not exposed to sunlight. Samples of bottled PET which exposed to sunlight have microplastic’s number of 175 particles/ liter. Whereas bottled water that was not exposed to sunlight has microplastic’s number of 132,25 particles/ liter. Independent t-test showed that the Sig (2-tailed) value was 0,023. This value less than  = 0,05. So, we can say that there were differences between both of them. The conclusion of the study was that there were differences in the number of microplastics between PET bottled water exposed and not exposed to sunlight. As a form of vigilance, the public is advised to deliver PET bottled water from direct sunlight both for distribution and other type utilization of PET bottles for other purposes such as disinfection of water using sunlight (SODIS).


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